Objective To investigate clinical and MRI features of the reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome (RPES).Methods Clinical and MRI materials of 4 RPES cases confirmed by integrated clinical diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the cases presented with a rise of blood pressure.The neural symptom include severe headache (2 cases),dysphoria (3 cases),blur of vision (2 cases),impairment of impermanent memory (1 case),seizure (2 cases).In MRI,the lesions mainly systematically located in posterior parietal lobe and occipital lobe in all cases,or randomly located in frontal lobe (2 cases).Lesions demonstrated high signal on T_2 weighed and water-suppressed sequences in MRI.The lesions dominantly located in cortex in 2 cases,in both cortex and subcortieal white matter in 1 case and in subcortical white matter in 1 case.Four cases resolved their lesions when re-examined. Conclusions RPES represents such characteristic MRI findings as symmetrical distribution of reversible lesions in posterior brain with involvement of cortex or subcortieal white matter.When combined with hypertension and neural symptoms caused by involvement of posterior brain structure,it is helpful for early differential diagnosis of this syndrome.

Objective To Establish evaluation methods for the performance of flow cytometer .Methods Referring to the indus‐try standard YY/T0588‐2005 Flow Cytometry ,evaluating methods for the performance of BriCyte E6 flow cytometry was estab‐lished ,such as fluorescence sensitivity ,fluorescence linearity ,forward scatter sensitivity ,instrument resolution ,forward scatter/side scattering resolution ,DNA content linearity ,carry‐over rate ,accuracy of the cell surface marker ,reproducibility of the cell surface marker and instrument stability .Results The performance of BriCyte E6 met the requirements of industry standard .Conclusion The evaluation methods for the performance parameters could be reliable and could be used for the performance evaluation of flow cytometer .

Aim To prepare and identify monodonal sntibody (Mab) specific for Toaoplasma gondii tachyzoites. Method The Mab specific for Taxoplasma gondii tachyrzoite were prepared via bybridoma technique. Indirect ELISA was used to determine the activity of the Mab. Agarose double immuodiffusion test was performed to confirm subclass and SDS-PAGE & western blot were used to analysis rolecular weight of the antigen (s) recognized by the Mab. IFA was used to identify the epitope of Taxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. The protection and specificity of the Mab were snalysed at same time. The Mab was tesed in Mab-ELISA method to detect Taxoplasma gondii antigen. Results A Msb F7C8H12 specific for T. gondii was produced. It belongs to IgG1 subclass. Moleculsr weight of the sntigens recognized by the Mab was 16.5 and 24 kDa. IFA did not show fiuorescence in intact tachyzoite.Inhibition test showed that the inhibition rate was 50% when the concetration of the antigen was 40μg/ml.Afterthe RH strain tachyzoites were incubated with Mab ascites, mice were inected with the tachyzoites through peritoneum. The results showed that the mean dead time of mice were not delayed. T. gondii antigen mixed with PBS snd normal human serum was detected by Mab-ELISA, the sensitvity was 0.78 yg/ml and 1.5μg/ml respectively. When mice were infected with T. gondiiRH strain tachyzoites, 103/mouse p.i., circulating antigen could be detectedin 6 day and 8 day. Conchusion The Mab (F7C8H12) to T. gomdii tachyzoites is an excellent probe for studying T. gondii snd toxoplasmosis.

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression vector of HPV18 L1- E6, E7 chimeric gene and examine the humoral and cellular immune responses induced by this DNA vaccines in mice. Methods The C-terminal of major capsid protein L1 gene and mutant zinc finger domains of early E6/7 oncogenes in HPV18 were integrated and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1 to generate vaccines pVAX1-L1E6Mxx, E7Mxx. CHO cells were transiently transfected with the individual construct. Target protein expressions in the lysate of the transfected cells were measured by ELISA and immunocytochemistry. After BALB/c mice were vaccinated with various recombinant plasmids(pVAX1-L1-E6M3 or pVAX1-L1-E7M3) and immunie adjuvants (pLXHDmB7-2 or LTB) through different administration routes (intramuscular or intranasal) , the great cellular immune responses were produced as revealed by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and lymphocyte proliferation, and the expression of IL-4 and IFN- γ cells in CD4+ and CD8+subpopulations. Results The highly efficient expression of pVAX1-L1E6Mxx, E7Mxx vector in host eukaryotic cells were demonstrated both by ELISA and immunocytochemistry. The level of specific serum IgG against HPV in experiment groups mice was much higher than that of control group, and intranuscular immunization group had the highest antibody level. Intramuscular immunization groups were superior to intranasal immunization groups in DTH response, splenocyte proliferation and CD8+ IFN-γ + cells number, but CD4+ IL4+ cell number was higher in intranasal immunization groups. The immunization groups using pLXHDmB7-2 as adjuvant were superior to other groups in immunoresponse. Conclusion These DNA vaccines produce remarkable cellular and humoral immuneresponses in the mouse and may provide as prophylatic and therapeutic candidates for HPV induced cancer treatment.

It has been 50 years since the discovery of thyrotropin receptor autoantibody (TRAb). Advances in the knowledge of thyrotropin receptor ( TSHR) structure and function, combined with the elucidation of TSHR signaling and TSHR-autoantibody interaction have greatly facilitated our understanding of TRAb and their clinical applications. Measurement of TRAb activity plays an important role in the diagnosis of Graves' disease ( GD) and Graves' opthalmopathy. It has also been well recognized that TRAb is an effective predictor of GD relapse or remission after antithyroid drug and radioactive iodine treatment. TRAb test is of particular help in pregnant women and lactating mothers with recent iodine load, where radioactive iodine or technetium tests are contraindicated. In addition, it is useful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of fetal and neonatal hyperthyroidism as well as some rare forms of thyrotoxicosis in clinical practice. Accumulating evidence also indicates the possible correlation between thyroid cancer occurring in GD patients with positive TRAb and adverse outcomes. However, further innovation and standardization of TRAb tests are required to help pave the way for clinical applications.

BACKGROUND: Superficial fungal disease is one of the most common human infectious diseases. A recent clinical survey reported that more than half of patients with superficial fungal diseases might be infected at home. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of the fungal infection between the patients and their family members. METHODS: Dermatologists of 71 general hospitals were involved and evaluated 7,323 patients and 1,037 their family members who were confirmed microscopically to have superficial fungal diseases. RESULTS: According to the survey results, 46.1% of the patients answered they might have been infected at home and 33.6% of the patients remembered there were other fungus-infected patients among their family members at the same time. The isolated organisms were Trichophyton rubrum (1686 cases, 80.9%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (269 cases, 12.9%), Candida albicans (112 cases, 5.4%), Microsporum canis (12 cases, 0.6%), Trichophyton tonsurans (3 cases, 0.1%), Epidermophyton floccosum (2 cases, 0.1%). On the basis of the fungus culture, it was proven that 85.4% of the patients and their family members had the same kind of microorganism. CONCLUSION: As a result, we could conclude that there is a high possibility of transmitting the fungal infection from one family member to another.
Candida albicans ; Communicable Diseases ; Epidemiology* ; Epidermophyton ; Fungi ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea* ; Microsporum ; Trichophyton

PURPOSE: Medical institutions and their patients benefit from continued employment of nurses. In this study an assessment was done of important factors that influence nurses' intention to leaving their jobs. METHODS: The sample consisted of 229 university hospital nurses. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé, Pearson's Correlation Analysis, and Hierarchical Multiple Regression. RESULTS: The control variables, including age, current position, and health status explained 18% (F=16.37, p<.001) of variance in retention intention. The control variables, bullying, job stress, self-esteem, and burnout collectively explained 27% of variance in retention intention. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the factors influencing retention intention are age, current position, and health status, while self-esteem and burnout in work places are new and more recent factors that impact retention intention. These findings can be utilized to develop strategies to increase self-esteem and retention intention.
Bullying* ; Employment ; Humans ; Intention* ; Nursing* ; Workplace

Total vitrectomy and removal of the posterior hyaloid membrane were done in 7 patients who were diagnosed as macular hole with specific causative factors. The causative factor of 2 patients is high myopia and of remainers is trauma. Of the 7 patients treated by removal of the posterior hyaloid membrane during total vitrectomy, 3 patients showed anatomical and functional success, 2 patients only the anatomical success, and 2 patients failure. The postoperative complications included phthisis bulbi, proliferative vitreoreinopathy, optic atrophy, and macular degeneration, and iatrogenic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Two patients of the 3 success cases complained of mild diplopia after operation.
Diplopia ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; Membranes* ; Myopia ; Optic Atrophy ; Postoperative Complications ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations* ; Vitrectomy*

BACKGROUND: caudal anesthesia is a safe and reliable technique for surgical anesthesia as well as an alternative to narcotics for postoperative analgesia for procedure below umbilicus. Onset time and duration of local anesthetics had been influenced by local anesthetics with combined drugs. We wanted that the time required for the onset of local anesthesia should be short and long enough to allow time for the contemplated surgery. METHOD: To investigated the effect of lidocaine with combined drugs, 120 ASA physical status I, II patients who underwent perianal surgery with caudal anethesia. The patients were diveded into 5 groups : control group received 1.5% lidocaine 27ml, group I received lidocaine with epinephrine (1:200,000), group II received lidocaine with morphine 2mg, group III received lidocaine with fentanyl 50 g, group IV received lidocaine with clonidine 75 g. We have compared the onset time and duration of analgesia of 5 groups. RESULTS: 1. The onset time of analgesia for pin prick test were not significantly changes between groups. 2. The duration of analgesia was significantly more prolonged in group II(863.8 222.1 min) than other three group I, III, IV. 3. The most common side effect was urinary retention(20 cases, 16.7%) in all groups(n=120). 6 cases(24%) in group II(n=25), 2 cases(8%) in group III(n=25) were complained of pruritus. Bradycardia and hypotension were observed in group IV(n=20) (each 1 cases, 5%). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested from the above results that the morhine group during caudal anesthesia can produce more prolonged duration of analgesia.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Caudal* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Anesthetics, Local ; Bradycardia ; Clonidine ; Epinephrine ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Lidocaine* ; Morphine ; Narcotics ; Pruritus ; Umbilicus

Sodium thiopental is a popular intravenous anesthetic that has been used extensively throughout the world. The rare adverse reactions to thiopental consist mainly of anaphylactic shock, bronchospasm, and local thrombophlebitis. The reported incidence of presumed anaphylactic reaction (Type l hypersensitivity) to thiopental are extremely rare. Although the mechanism of these adverse reactiona is unclear, the clinical features (generalized erythema, hypotension, edema and bronchspasm) are thought to result from massive discharge of histamine and other vasoactive substance from basophils and mast cells. Since such reactions are life threatening, they must be recognized immediately and the appmpriate treatment given. The successful management of anaphylaxis requires a thorough understanding of this syndrome and the application of therapeutic agents. The authors report a case of anaphylactoid response to thiopental in a 34 years old healthy male patient and briefly review the literature.
Adult ; Anaphylaxis ; Basophils ; Bronchial Spasm ; Edema ; Erythema ; Histamine ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Male ; Mast Cells ; Sodium ; Thiopental* ; Thrombophlebitis