Exosomes are nanometer membranous vesicles which can be distributed in a variety of biological fluids,including peripheral blood,urine,saliva and so on.Currently,the multi-step differential centrifugation is a efficient method which can be used to isolate exosomes.Exosomes are released by all types of cells.Exosomes can carry proteins and RNAs from derived cells,involve in exchange of information between cells,and play an important role in physiological and pathological processes of immunoregulation and inflammatory responses.Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading indication of severe visual impairment in adults over 50 years old.The exact etiology of AMD is still unknown,and its pathogenesis may involve various factors.New studies showed that exosomes secreted by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells may be associated with AMD.The elevated levels of protein in exosomes from RPE,such as αB-crystalline,are associated with druse in AMD.Stress-altered exosomes proteins were found involving in regulation of apoptosis and survival of RPE.RPE cells membrane complement regulators,CD46 and CD59,could contribute to lesion formation in the outer retina and Bruch's membrane during the development of AMD.Further,exosomes from RPE cells may be associated with the genesis of choroidal angiogenesis.There remain thorough studies to be conducted,which would reveal new approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of AMD in the future.

The article interpreted the important significance of constructing characteristic university of high level on the new situation, from the content and spirit of scientific development view. The article proposed the higher education of TCM should adhere to the scientific development view, highlight the developing demand of characteristic university, Clarify the differences to other universities in historical status, development path,characteristics and service industries. Thus correctly deal with the relationship of inheritance, development and innovation, the relationship of scale, efficiency and development, the relationship of coordinated development between traditional Chinese medical science and medicine, and the relationship between characteristics and sustainable development.

Objective To discuss the influence of phosphocreatine on serum N end B type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) and cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).Methods Ninetysix patients with CHF were randomly divided into the control group (n =47) and research group (n =49).The patients of the control group were given conventional therapy for treating CHF while the research group were given phosphocreatine based on treatment of the control group,and the course was 4 weeks.The total effective rate and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD),left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and NT-proBNP of pretherapy and post-treatment between the two groups were compared.Results There were no statistically significant differences about LVEDD,LVEDD,LVEF and BNP between the two groups (all P＞ 0.05);After treatment,LVEDD in the control group and the observation group patients were (53.5±5.6) mm,(46.4±4.5) mm,LVESD were ((39.9±5.3) mm,(34.6±4.8) mm and NT proBNP were (495.8±42.2) ng/L,(374.4±38.4) ng/L,significantly lower than before treatment ((58.3±6.4) mm,(58.4±6.8) mm;(48.4±6.3) mm,(48.7±6.2) mm;(875.4±64.8) ng/L,869.2 ± ±67.5) ng/L),and LVEF was higher than before treatment significantly (observation group by (35.8±3.2)％ rose to (52.6± 5.2) ％;control group by (36.4± 3.3) ％ rose to (44.5 ± 4.2) ％),and the observation group compared with the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The total effective rate of research group was evidently higher than that of control group,the difference was statistically significant(93.8％ (45/49) vs.75.0％(36/47);x2=6.836,P=0.037).Conclusion Phosphocreatine can effectively strengthen the heart systolic functionincrease,LVEF,the serum NT-proBNP and enhance the total effective rate of patients with congestive heart failure.

The paper analyzes the advantages of hospital libraries and the necessity of providing living library services to the patients, designs living library services which include collection, publication, classification, catalogue, circulation and conservation.It also dis-cusses the evaluation mode of living library services provided by hospital libraries so as to provide the most convenient and direct high quality resources to the patients and give full play to library in knowledge communication and resources sharing.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy Shuangyin suppository in the treatment of candidial vaginitis.METHODS:A total of 120 patients with candida albicans vaginitis were enrolled:60 were randomly assigned to receive Shuangyin suppository(trial group,1～2 pill qn.via vagina) for 10 days,another 60 to receive Baofukang suppository(control group,1～2 pill qn.to put in vagina) for 10 days.A total of 3 courses of treatment were conducted for both group(one course of treatment was conducted in each menstrual cycle).RESULTS:After 3 course treatment,54 cases(90%) were cured and 6(10%) showed excellent efficacy for the treatment group;however,45 cases(75%) were cured and 15 cases(25%) showed excellent efficacy for the control group.There were significant differences in the cure rates between the trial group and the control group(P

Objective:To investigate the clinical features,treatment and outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in the elderly. Methods:The Clinical manifestation,laboratory data and treatment effects in the elderly with SLE,were reviewed and compared with those report from the young and middle-aged in the same period.Results:Compared with middle-youth-aged group,dyspnea of first symptoms was obviously more(P

AIM:Stress response induced by severe trauma can activate free radical, endothelial cell, and mononuclear macrophage to regulate the production and release of mediators of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the influence of semi-hepatectomy on cytokine in serum. METHODS:The experiment was performed at Clinical Laboratory of Datong Seventh People's Hospital from April to July 2006. The experimental procedure was accorded with animal ethical standards. Twenty-five healthy rabbits were selected and randomly divided into two groups. In hepatectomy group (n=20), semi-hepatectomy was performed by regular approach, following by abdominal closure when there was no active bleeding. In control group (n=5), only abdominal opening and closure was conducted. Peripheral venous blood was harvested 1 day before and 24 hours, 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after surgery (IGF) to examine the levels of cytokine in serum such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and insulin-like growth factor by radioimmunity. RESULTS:Twenty-five rabbits were all included in final analysis. Compared with the control group, IL-2 increased 24 hours after surgery, and reduced even lower than preoperative level 1 week after surgery, but then increased gradually and approached to preoperative level 4 weeks after surgery. IL-6 and IL-8 were elevated within 24 hours after surgery, and reached the peak at 3 weeks, then began to reduce until the normal level 4 weeks after surgery. TNF decreased 24 hours after surgery, and then increased but decreased again 4 weeks after surgery. IGF increased 24 hours after surgery, reached the peak 2 weeks after surgery, and reduced to normal level 4 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION:Hepatectomy can induce decrease in IL-2, T cell growth factor in peripheral blood, in rabbits.

Objective To screen differentially expressed proteins between granuloma- and tinea corporis-derived Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains,and to explore the pathogenesis of T.mentagrophytes in deep and superficial infection.MethodsFour T.mentagrophytes isolates from granuloma and 4 isolates from tinea corporis were cultured in agar plates and small steel rings at 27 ℃ and 37 ℃ respectively, followed by morphologic observation.Eight guinea pigs were immunocompromised by glucocorticoids,and superficially and subcutaneously inoculated with the same amount of fungal suspension to develop an animal model of tinea corporis and granuloma,respectively.Two weeks later,the infection of guinea pigs was confirmed by microscopy,fungal culture and histopathology.Proteins were extracted from a highly toxic granuloma-derived T.mentagrophytes strain and a lowly toxic tinea corporis-derived T.mentagrophytes strain,and subjected to twodimensional electrophoresis,mass spectrometry and identification by using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database.ResultsThe granuloma-derived T.mentagrophytes isolates grew better at 37 ℃ than tinea corporis-derived T.mentagrophytes isolates did,while no significant difference was observed in the morphology of colonies between the two kinds of T.mentagrophytes isolates at 27 ℃.Tinea corporis models were successfully established in guinea pigs with the 8 T.mentagrophytes strains,and the granuloma-derived isolates induced a more intense inflammation than tinea corporis-derived isolates.Granuloma model was constructed only with 3 granuloma-derived strains,which was proved by microscopy,fungal culture and histopathology.A total of 463 ± 20 and 398 ± 17 protein spots were detected,with 62 and 21 upregulated proteins,from granuloma-derived and tinea corporis-derived T.mentagrophytes strains,respectively.Bioinformatics analysis revealed the following meaningful proteins from differentially expressed proteins in granuloma-derived T.mentagrophytesstrains, includingenolase, heatshockprotein, serine/threonineprotease, cellularsignal transduction proteins,energy metabolism-related proteins,cytoskeleton proteins and some hypothetical proteins.ConclusionsThe granuloma-derived T.mentagrophytes strains are more heat-resistant with a higher potency to cause infection compared with tinea corporis-derived T.mentagrophytes strains.Differences exist in the expression of proteins between granuloma- and tinea corporis-derived T.mentagrophytes strains.

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of 20-24nt(about 22nt) in length that mediate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by degrading or repressing target messenger RNAs (mRNAs).Angiogenesis plays an important role in occurrence and development of cancers which involves multiple signaling pathways.miRNAs can regulate the signaling pathways in which their target genes are involved.Therefore,to study the miRNAs regulation of tumor angiogenesis slgnaling pathways will contribute to cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the relationship between police' s occupational pressure and their job burnout and health. Methods 251 policemen completed the police occupational pressure questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and general heath questionnaire. Results Occupational pressure was positively related to emotional exhaustion and cynicism( r = 0.365 ～ 0.472 ), and not related to diminished personal accomplishment( r = - 0.004 ). Occupational pressure had negative effect on mental health (β = - 0. 1 89 ). Job burnout and its three dimensionalities were negatively related to mental health( r= -0.331 ～ -0.662). With both occupational pressure and job burnout as predictors of mental health, only did job burnout negatively predict mental health (β = - 0. 698). Conclusion Both occupational pressure and job burnout can predicted policemen' general health.