Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases.To expand the donor source,the Ministry of Health (MOH) initiated a new national program called Donation of Citizen's Deceased (DCD) to address the need for organ transplantation in 2010.However,it has been proven that DCD liver transplantation has the poorer graft function in short-and long-term outcome compared to live donor liver transplantation.In order to improve the effect of DCD liver transplantation,the preconditioning of DCD liver,as an effective measure,is gaining more and more attention.This review summarizes the recent research progress on the application of preconditioning in DCD liver transplantation during perioperative period.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of tuberculous pleurisy(TP) in children in order to provide a good solution to the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 113 cases confirmed with TP who were admitted to Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2009 to December 2014.Results Among the 113 pediatric inpatients with TP,85 cases (75.2％) were sick for less than 1 month;92.9％ (105/113 cases) age ≥≥5 years old by onset;and 21.2％ (24/113 cases) patients demonstrated the contact with tuberculosis ,among whom 70.8％ (17/24 cases) attributed to linear relatives.The primary clinical manifestations included fever[96.5％ (109/113 cases)], cough [76.1％ (86/113 cases)] and chest pain[38.9％ (44/113 cases)] ,with as high as 89.0％ (87/109 cases) of the patients experiencing moderate or ardent fever.The positive rates of acid-fast bacilli smear and mycobacterium tuberculosis culture were 12.2％ (17/139 cases) and 22.7％ (15/66 cases), respectively;among the 41 patients who received pleural biopsy,40 cases (97.6％) were identified with the typical pathological changes in tuberculosis;and all 11 patients who received acid fast stain test on pleural tissues were positive to the test.Pulmonary parenchymatous lesions were revealed on CT examination in 89.1％ patients(98/113 cases),82.4％ (90/109 cases) of the patients had normal body temperature within a short period,and reduced effusion was revealed in 86 out of 98 patients who received repeated chest imaging examinations.Conclusions TP in children has acute onset typically, and the diagnosis of TP in children is more difficult than in adults,requiring considering multiple factors.Contact history with tubercular patients, etiological examination, pleural biopsy and chest CT are essential for the diagnosis of this disease.

Objective To investigate the correlation between urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) level and carotid atherosclerotic plaque stability in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods The patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled consecutively.According to the findings of carotid artery ultrasound,they were divided into either a non-plaque group or a plaque group,and then the plaque group was redivided into a stable plaque subgroup and an unstable plaque subgroup.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of urinary 8-iso-PGF2α.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used to investigate the relationship between 8-iso-PGF2α and carotid artery plaques.Results A total of 150 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled,including 104 had carotid artery plaque (30 were stable plaques and 74 were unstable plaques) and 46 had no carotid artery plaque.The urinary 8-iso-PGF2α level (86.45 ± 6.20 ng/mmol creatinine vs.45.70 ±6.19 ng/mmol creatinine; t =37.136,P=0.001) and intima-media thickness (IMT) (2.89 ± 1.03 mm vs.0.86 ±0.53 mm; t =3.518,P =0.002) in the plaque group were significantly higher than those in the nonplaque group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that urinary 8-iso-PGF2α level (odds ratio [OR] 1.183,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.087-1.276; P=0.001) and IMT (OR 28.642,95％ CI 8.276-137.231; P =0.001) were the independent risk factors for carotid artery plaque.Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between urinary 8-iso-PGF2α level and carotid artery IMT (r =0.075,P =0.264).The urinary 8-iso-PGF2α level of the unstable plaque subgroup was significantly higher than that of the stable plaque subgroup (97.30 ± 7.20 ng/mmol creatinine vs.69.17 ±9.25 ng/mmol creatinine; t =16.506,P =0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that urinary 8-iso-PGF2α level (OR 4.652,95％ CI 1.732-12.643; P =0.001) was an independent risk factor for unstable plaque.Conelusions The urinary 8-iso-PGF2α level is associated with the existence of carotid atherosclerotie plaque and instability,its increased level is an independent risk factor for carotid plaque instability in patients with ischemic stroke.

Objective To understand the capability of parasitic disease diagnosis among professionals from the clinic labora?tory of Class A tertiary hospitals in Jiangxi Province. Methods The teams that took part in the competition were formed from 20 Class A tertiary hospitals,with 2 contestants per team. The competition contents included written examination and skill opera?tion. The written examination involved the life cycle of parasites,immunological basis,detecting techniques,etiological diagno?sis etc.,and the skill operation involved making and dying thin and thick blood smears,making Kato?Katz’s fecal thick smears, as well as microscopic examinations of smears. Results A total of 40 participants took part in the competition. Their total aver?age score was 97.3±22.4 with the pass rate of 15.0%,in which the mean score of theoretical knowledge was 56.6±12.8 with the pass rate of 52.5%,and the mean score of skill operation was 40.8±12.4 with the pass rate of 5.0%. In the written examination, the scoring rate of the life cycle of soil?transmitted helminths was the highest(90.0%),and the rate of the basic knowledge of food?borne parasites was the lowest(31.5%). Both the pass rates of blood smear making and examination were higher than those of Kato?Katz’s thick smears,and the differences were statistically significant( both P<0.05). The detection rates of Plasmodi?um vivax,Plasmodium falciparum,Plasmodium ovale and negative slides of the contestants were 38.8%,45.0%,35.0%and 25.0% respectively. As to the microscopic examination of helminth eggs,the detection rate of Trichuris trichiura egg was the highest(87.5%),and the rate of the Sparganum mansoni egg was the lowest(2.5%). The scores of Kato?Katz’s thick smear making and examination of the contestants from the provincial level hospitals were higher than those from the city level hospitals (both P<0.05),and the score of those from teaching hospitals in Kato?Katz’s thick smear making was higher than that of those from non?teaching hospitals(P < 0.05). Conclusions The technique level of professionals from the clinic laboratory of the Class A tertiary hospitals cannot meet the needs of the diagnosis of parasitic diseases in Jiangxi Province ,which should arouse the attention of the health authorities and hospitals.

Objective To investigate the treatment and prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods The clinical and following-up data of 124 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Cancer Centre, SUN Yat-sen University from Jan 1990 to Dec 1999 were analyzed retrospectively for mortality and survival rate ( KaplanMeier). A multivariate analysis was performed in these patients by Cox proportional hazard model. Results The overall 10-year and 15-year survival rate of all 124 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were 94.9% and 92.5% respectively. The univariate analysis showed the prognostic factors significantly influencing the survival of patients included age (being worse for those of 35 years and older) at presentation, and the status of distant metastasis ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ) , while gender, incidentally found at surgery, the size of primary tumor, the status of neck lymph node metastasis, recurrence after a primary resection, and the extent of surgical resection did not significantly effect the prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed the age more than 35 years at presentation was an independent risk factor indicating worse prognosis (P = 0. 045 ). Conclusioas The prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is satisfactory, but that is poor for those patients 35 years old and up at presentation and with distant metastasis.

Objective To study the association of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) gene polymorphism and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and its impulsivity in Chinese Han population. Methods The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of TPH2 in transcriptional control region,-703G/T,was analyzed by PCR-RFLP genotyping assay in 117 ASPD patients and 142 healthy controls. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) was used to evaluate the impulsivity of subjects. Results There were significant differences between ASPD and controis on genotype and allele frequencies of TPH2-703G/T (x2 = 7.73, P ＜ 0.05; x2 = 5.12, P ＜ 0.05). The GG genotype and G allele were positively associated with ASPD(OR = 1.458,95% CI = 1.080 ～ 1.968 ;OR = 1.479,95% CI = 1.045 ～ 2.094). The scores of BIS-11 and its factors in GG genotype group((71.28 ± 7.50), (19.60 ±3.41), (25.73 ± 4.92), (25.95 ± 4.77) ) were higher than GT genotype group (( 66.23 ± 8.06), (17.79 ±3.02) ,(23.06 ±3.84) ,(25.38 ±4.97)) and TT genotype group((66.55 ±8.49),(18.50 ±3.35),(23.45 ±4.08), (24.97 ± 4.90)), but only the difference of BIS-11 total scores, the attention and motor factor scores among three groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The scores of BIS-11 and its factors in G allele group ((69.38 ±8.04), (18.92 ± 3.36), (24.73 ±4. 69), (25.73 ±4.82)) were higher than T genotype group ((66.41 ±8.22),(17.98 ±3.26),(23.27 ±3.94), (25.15 ±4.89)),however,only the difference of BIS-11 total scores, the attention and motor factor scores between two groups were statistically significant.Conclusion TPH2-703G/T polymorphism may be association with ASPD in Chinese Han population. The GG genotype and G allele may be the risk factors of ASPD and impulsivity.

Objective To establish the vein bypass assisted porcine liver auto transplantation model and study the methods of liver cold storage during the operation , in order to provide experience for the clini-cal application of liver auto transplantation and experimental evidence for liver machine perfusion .Methods A total of 5 pigs were operated to establish the portal-vein bypass by inserting cannula into vena jugularis in-terna, femoral vein and splenic vein , with liver being hypothermic perfused and stored in situ by 4℃ UW solution through hepatic artery and portal vein .Vital signs and clinical outcomes were monitored during the operation, and the changes of liver function indexes such as aminotransferase , total bilirubin and albumin were detected at different time points .Results During the operation , the vital signs kept steady and liver were perfused well , achieving fully blood supply after reperfusion .All animals survived over 120 h.Both al-anine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase peaked at 24 h after blood reperfusion (69.8 ±16.2 U/L and 457.7 ±50.1 U/L), and then dropped within normal range at 96 ho after reperfusion.Total bilirubin peaked at 48 h after blood reperfusion (7.1 ±3.3μmol/L), and then decreased rapidly .The plasma albu-min kept falling after blood reperfusion , reaching the minimum of 11.1 ±2.7 g/L at 4 h after reperfusion, and then rose to normal level steadily at 16 h.Conclusions The vein bypass assisted liver auto transplanta-tion could guarantee the steady vital signs and survival rate , which may supply an experimental basis for de-veloping new efficient liver preservation and restoration methods .

Objective To evaluate the roles of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2),TLR4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in immune recognition and immune mediation in sporotrichosis by detecting their expressions in skin lesions of sporotrichosis.Methods Biopsy specimens were obtained from the skin lesions of 19 patients with sporotrichosis and normal skin of 12 healthy human controls.Immunohistochemistry was performed to observe the expressions of TLR4 and MyD88,and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR to quantify the expressions of TLR2 and MyD88 mRNAs.Data were expressed as mean ± standard error.Statistical analysis was done with the SPSS17.0 software.Independent samples t-test was conducted to compare the parameters between the lesional and control specimens.A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results TLR4 and MyD88 were mainly observed in the whole epidermis except the stratum corneum as well as plasma cells and lymphocytes in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue in lesional skin.However,TLR4 was nearly absent and MyD88 was weakly expressed in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue in normal skin.The expression levels of TLR4 and MyD88 were significantly higher in the lesional skin than in the control skin (TLR4,63.767 ± 3.829 vs.5.167 ± 3.246,t =4.82,P ＜ 0.05; MyD88,57.236 ± 4.744 vs.10.588 ± 1.640,t =3.30,P ＜ 0.05).Similarly,the lesional skin showed significantly stronger expressions of TLR2 and MyD88 mRNAs compared with the normal skin (TLR2,1.974 ± 1.452 vs.1.430 ± 1.073,P ＜ 0.05; MyD88,2.028 ± 2.061 vs.0.688 ± 0.422,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Sporothrix may induce the development of sporotrichosis by interacting with host immune system via TLR signaling pathways.

Objective To investigate the relationship between hepatic venous outflow obstruction (HVOO) and patterns of the hepatic vein (HV) drainage into inferior vena cava (IVC) in piggyback liver transplantation (PBLT).Methods A retrospective analysis on 202 cases of PBLT (from May 2000 to Aug.2015) was conducted.The recipients' patterns of HV drainage into WC and the angle ∠COB between the reconstructed outflow and IVC in the cross section were recorded by preoperative 3D reconstruction.And the lengths and diameters of recipients' HVs were measured during operations.The relationship between the incidence of HVOO and patterns of HV drainage into IVC was analyzed.Results There were 3 patterns of HV drainage into IVC:type Ⅰ (n =136),trunk of left and middle HVs;type Ⅱ (n=52),trunk of right and middle HVs;type Ⅲ (n=14):trunk of three HVs.There was no statistically significant difference within the HVs of each type,when the lengths and diameters were compared respectively.However,the angle ∠COB of type Ⅰ [(164 ±10.14)°] was significantly bigger than type Ⅱ [(44 ± 12.2)°] and type Ⅲ [(96 ± 13.1) °] (P＜0.05).Accordingly,the highest incidence of HVOO (23.5％) was foundin type Ⅰ,followed by type Ⅱ (9.6％),and type Ⅲ had the lowest incidence (7.1 ％) (P＜0.05).The correlation coefficient Cramer's V =0.765.Conclusion This study demonstrated that there was preferable relativity between the HVOO incidence and the patterns of HV drainage into IVC.Type I is more likely to have HVOO.Type Ⅲ is the most ideal one for PBLT.

Objective To determine the risk factors of urinary tract infection (UTI) after renal transplantation,so as to provide a theoretical basis of reducing the rate of postoperative UTI effectively.Method Such databases as CNKI,VIP,Wanfang,Pubmed,Embase,Ovid,and EBSCO were searched from January 1995 to December 2015 for collecting the studies about UTI after renal transplantation.The search keywords were renal transplantation,kidney transplantation,urinary tract infection and risk factors.Meta-analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.2 software.Result Fifteen studies were identified,including 1 236 patients in UTI group and 2 729 patients in the control group (non UTI group).The two groups had no significant differences in recipient age,diabetes mellitus history,peritoneal dialysis,cytomegaovirus infection,acute rejection,usage of MMF,usage of Tacrolimus,usage of CsA and retransplantation.The incidence of UTI after renal transplantation was significantly higher in female patients than male patients (OR:2.69;95％ CI:1.92-3.77;P＜0.000 01).The incidence of UTI of cadaveric renal transplantation was higher than living donor renal transplantation (OR:1.51;95％ CI:1.71-1.95;P=0.002).Using D-J tube for urinary reconstruction significantly increased the incidence of UTI (OR:1.51;95 ％ CI:1.07-2.13;P =0.02).Patients in the UTI group had a significantly longer preoperative dialysis time (WMD:1.48;95％ CI:0.22-2.74;P =0.02).Conclusion The female recipients,cadaveric renal transplantation,using D-J tube and prolonged preoperative dialysis time were factors affecting the risk of UTI.UTI after renal transplantation had no relationship with recipient age,diabetes mellitus history,peritoneal dialysis,cytomegaovirus infection,acute rejection,usage of MMF,Tacrolimus and CsA,and retransplantation.