Objective To investigate the curative effect of cephalosporins in the treatment of neonatal infectious pneumonia and the effect on intestinal microflora.MethodsA total of 124 cases of neonatal pneumonia in our hospital were divided into the cephalosporin group (40cases), the piperacillin group (38 cases) and the combined treatment group (46 cases), and 40 healthy neonates were selected as healthy group.The clinical efficacy was compared.The intestinal bacterial genus of the four groups was examined on the 5th day after treatment, including Enterobacter, Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.ResultsThe cure rates of the cephalosporin group, the piperacillin group and the combined group were 82.5%, 81.57% and 89.13%, respectively.The healing time of the above three groups was (5.3±0.2) d, (5.5±0.3) d and (5.2±0.3) d, respectively.Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus were significantly more in the above three groups than the healthy group, and Bifidobacterium was fewer than healthy group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the cephalosporin group and piperacillin group.ConclusionThe curative effect of cephalosporins is similar to other antibiotics in the treatment of neonatal infectious pneumonia.The former can effectively relieve alteration of intestinal flora, combined with other drugs.Irrational use of antibiotics woll increase alteration of intestinal flora.

Objective To study the effect of arsenic trioxide (As_2O_3) on the expression of Fas/FasL and in inducing apoptosis of gastric tumor cells in nude mice. Methods The xenograft model was established in 30 male BALB/C-nu/nu mice. The mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and injected intraperitoneally with As_2O_3 (2.5mg/kg or 5mg/kg) or with saline solution of the same volume respectively. Tumor growth was detected by measuring tumor volume. Apoptosis of the tumor cells was measured with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of Fas/FasL in the tumor cells was detected with immunohistochemistry. Results Tumor volume in As_2O_3-treated groups was smaller than that in control group (P<0.05). Apoptotic cells in the As_2O_3-treated groups significantly outnumbered than those in control group (P<0.01). The expression of Fas in tumor cells was higher in the As_2O_3-treated groups than in control group (P<0.05), but FasL expression of tumor cells did not differ between the treated groups and control group (P>0.05). Conclusion As_2O_3 can obviously inhibit the growth of human gastric tumor. One of the mechanisms is up-regulation of Fas gene that can induce the apoptosis of gastric cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of endoscopic pancreatic duct stent insertion.Methods The clinical data of 20 cases of endoscopic pancreatic stent insertion,including 12 cases of chronic pancreatitis,3 cases of recurrent pancreatitis,2 cases of papilla adenoma after resection,3 cases of pancreatic carcinoma,was retrospectively reviewed from June 2004 to September 2006.All the patients underwent endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy and pancreatic stent insertion after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Results All the 20 patients received 23 procedures of pancreatic stent insertion.Stent-preserving time was 25-105 days(mean,64.5 days).2 cases experienced stent migration and no postoperative pancreatitis occurred.20 patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months,including 17 patients for 12 months.During a follow-up period of 3 months in the 12 cases of chronic pancreatitis,1 case received repair because of duodenal perforation induced by ERCP,and the symptoms of abdominal pain or discomfort disappeared or were distinctively relieved in 9 and 2 cases,respectively,with weight gain 2-5 kg(mean,3.2 kg).A follow-up period of more than 3 months showed that the remission rate of abdominal pain was 92%(11/12).The jaundice was alleviated(with the average of decrease of 61.8 percent of total bilirubin in serum) and weight gained in the 3 cases of pancreatic carcinoma after the biliary and pancreatic duct plastic stents were inserted at the same time.Patients with recurrent pancreatitis had no relapse in the follow-up period.Conclusions The endoscopic pancreatic duct stent insertion is a safe and minimal invasive procedure,and can prevent postoperative pancreatitis,but the main complication of stent migration should be considered.

MicroRNAs ( miRNAs ) , a highly conserved and non coding RNA, modulates gene expression via inhibiting the translation of protein and thereby influences cell fate and function.A large body of literature demonstrates that miRNAs plays a critical role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis through modulating immune cell differentiation, function as well as apoptosis.As important antigen presentation cells, dendritic cells ( DCs) play a central role in the initiation and control of the adaptive immune response in the peripheral lymphatic system.Uncontrolled inflammatory response and immunosuppressive response followed by tissue and organ dysfunction were associated with DC loss and apoptosis after septic challenge.This review will focus on the effect of miRNAs on DC function and apoptosis, and its potential role in sepsis.

Objective To use the real-time shear wave elastography(SWE)to detect the elasticmodulus values of different breast lesions,and to assess its application value in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods SWE was per-formed in 71 breast lesions from 63 pathologically confirmed patients.The maximum,minimum and mean elasticmodulus values in breast lesions were detected and the ROC curves were used to determine the optimal diagnostic cut off value.Results Among 7 1 le-sions,48 cases were benign lesions and 23 cases were malignant lesions.The diagnostic accuracy and Youden index of the ordinary ultrasound were 77.5% and 0.55 respectively.The maximum,minimum and mean elasticity values for malignant lesions were (106.7±37.9),(23.7±6.4),(44.8±6.6)kPa respectively,whereas which for benign lesions were(42.7±14.6),(17.2±6.3), (29.4±8.0)kPa respectively.The maximum,minimum and mean elastic values had statistically significant differences between be-nign and malignant lesions(P<0.05).The areas under the curve(AUC)of the maximum,minimum and mean elastic values were 0.963,0.798 and 0.914 respectively.Taking 78.1 kPa as the threshold of the maximum elasticity value,the sensitivity was 82.6%and the specificity was 95.8%.Taking 37.6 kPa as the threshold of the mean elasticity value,the sensitivity was 87.0% and the specificity was 83.3%.Conclusion SWE provides a new way for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions, and the maximum and mean elastic value can be used as the diagnostic evidence for differentiating benign and malignant breast le-sions.

Objective To investigate correlative analysis between plasma BNP,CRP levels and computed tomographic manifestations in acute moderate or severe traumatic brain injury.Methods According to the severe traumatic brain injury and mild traumatic brain injury criteria that onset within 24h,patients were devided into the observation group A (73 cases with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury)and observation group B(20 cases with mild traumatic brain injury ).All patients received CT scan,CT image characteristics and Rotterdam CT grading were recorded.,Plasma BNP and CRP levels were detected at the same time,healthy persons with matched age and gender within same period were selected (control group),relationships of plasma BNP and CRP levels with CT manifestations were analyzed.Results Plasma BNP and CRP levels of the observation group were obviously higher than those of the control group (P <0.05).In patients with midline shift >5mm,ventricular pressure≤0.2,Rotterdam CT score >3, the BNP and CRP levels were higher than the corresponding patnents (P <0.05).Patients with high levels of BNP and CRP showed higher midline shift score,Rotterdam CT score and the higher incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (P <0.05),and ventricle compression ratio and GSC score less than the low level group (P <0.05 ).Spearman correlation analysis showed that Rotterdam CT score was positively correlated with and plasma BNP and CRP levels (P <0.05),multi -factor Logistic regression analysis showed that plasma BNP levels (OR =1.873,P <0.05),the CRP (OR =1.568,P <0.05)were an independent predictor of Rotterdam CT score >3 points.Conclusion Plasma BNP and CRP levels of patients with acute moderate or severe traumatic brain injury are closely related to various characteristics of CT,and are independent predictors of Rotterdam CT scores,they can be used as a biological marker assisting to evaluate degree of severe craniocerebral injury patients.

Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa is an important index for assessing the function of platelets. To investigate the effects of Honghua Injection, a Chinese patent medicine made from extracts of Carthamus tinctorius L, on GP IIb/IIIa is a key study in evaluating the inhibition properties of Honghua Injection on platelet aggregation.

BACKGROUND: Recently biodegradable hydrogel has been extensively used to delivery anticancer drug and bioactive macromolecule. However, to protect the activity of the bioactive macromolecule, we need to obtain series of hydrogel which have milder hydrogelation conditions and shorter hydroglation time.OBJECTIVE: To prepare enantiomeric poly(L-Lactic acid) (PLLA)-poly(ethylene glycol (PEG)-PLLA/ poly(D-Lactic acid) (PDLA)-PEG-PDLA stereocomplex hydrogel which has shorter hydroglation time, to physically encapsulate a model drug-lysozyme and sustained release it from the hydrogel. METHODS: Triblock copolymers of PLLA-PEG-PLLA and PDLA-PEG-PDLA were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of L(D)-lactide using PEG as the initiator and Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst. The triblock copolymers were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, FT-IR and X-Ray diffractometry. A hydrogel was prepared from an aqueous mixture of PLLA20-PEG227-PLLA20 and PDLA21-PEG227-PDLA21 (10 wt% concentration) at room temperature for 12 hours. X-Ray diffractometry test was used to research the gelation mechanism. The release profile of the lysozyme as a model drug from the hydrogel was tested. The morphology of the freeze-dried hydrogel was investigated by scanning electron microscope. The cytotoxicity of the hydrogel was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Triblock copolymers of PLLA-PEG-PLLA and PDLA-PEG-PDLA were obtained. Both the PEG and PLA blocks in the copolymers could crystallize, but the crystallization of the PEG block was predominant. The stereocomplex formation between the PLLA and PDLA blocks within the hydrogel was confirmed by the X-Ray diffractometry analysis. The release profile of the lysozyme from the hydrogel exhibited a sustained-release pattern with a duration period of 7 days. The hydrogel exhibited a 3D interconnected porous structure with 50-100 μm pore size after being freeze-dried. The mouse fibroblast cell viability percentage was 99.3% after the cells contacted with the 100% extracted liquid for 72 hours.

Objective To investigate the charateristics and prognostic value of computed tomography (CT) of retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy (RLN) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods From 1991 to 2006, CT images were analyzed for 588 patients with histologically proven NPC treated with radiation therapy in our hospital.The survival rate was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method.Results RLN metastases were presented in 392 patients, with unilateral side in 254 patients and bilateral sides in 138 patients.The 5-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate of patients with and without RLN metastasis was 66.6% and78.6%(χ2 = 10.78,P=0.005) ,with 69.7% and 62.2%(χ2 =2.31,P=0.129) for patients with unilateral and bilateral sides involvement.The DMFS rate was similar between the mild and moderate enhancement of RLN (67.6% and 58.9% ,χ2=2.77,P =0.096).The survival rate of RLN with homogeneous density was better than heterogeneous density (71.5%, 53.3% and 32.5%,respectively, χ2= 10.51, P = 0.001, χ2= 24.28, P = 0.000).The survival rate of patients with well boarded RLN was better than those with ill boarded RLN and obviously adjacent tissue involvement (65.5%, 51.8%and 50.0% , χ2 =8.20,P=0.004, χ2 =5.31 ,P=0.021).Conclusions The prognosis is poor with RLN metastasis, lymph node enhancement, heterogeneous density in nodes and ill boarded RLN.

Objective To investigate the immunological function variation of peripheral dendritic cell(DC)from bladder cancer patients after blocking PD-L1 pathway.Methods DC from normal control and patient with bladder cancer were cultured with rhGM-CSF,rhIL-4 in vitro and treated with PD-L1 monoclonal antibody.The expression of CD1a,HLA and CD83 were examined by flow cell meter.The effect of DC induced lymphatic cellular proliferation and its capability of secreting IL-10,IL-12 were determined by MTT and ELISA.Results Blocking PD-LI pathway did not infuluence the maturation of DC.But the DCs from bladder cancer patient signifcantly boosted the lymphatic cellular proliferating(4.00 ± 1.28 versus 1.49 ±0.45)and IL-12 secretion capability(108.30 ± 21.89 versus 37.17 ± 14.89 ng/L),and yet it also decreased the secretion of IL-10(108.90 ± 21.77 versus 14.99 ± 54.99 ng/L)after blocking PD-L1 pathway (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Blocking PD-LI pathway on the DC from bladder cancer patient may improve its anticancer immunological function.