Objective To explore whether PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway participates in the inhibiting effect of Ru-tin on H2 O2-induced apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells( HLEC). Methods HLEC were divided into four groups: control group,H2 O2 group,rutin group,LY294002 group. Cell survival rates were determined by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; cell apoptosis rates were monitored by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and propidiun iodide(PI) staining. Western blot was used to measure the expres-sion levels of AKT and p-AKT. Results H2 O2 induced HLEC apoptosis. Compared with H2 O2 group,rutin group not only increased the expression lever of p-AKT,but also reduced cell apoptosis rate(P < 0. 01). In LY294002 group, LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway,could significantly block the change of these inde-xes produced by rutin group(P < 0. 01), but no significant change compared with H2 O2 group. Conclusion Rutin inhibits H2 O2-induced cell apoptosis and may be associated with PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy combined with EP regimen for limited-stage of small cell lung cancer in elderly.Methods A total of 83 elder patients with limited-stage of small cell lung cancer were divided into treatment group and control group by random digits table method.In treatment group,42 patients received three dimensional conformal radiation therapy with synchronized EP regimen chemotherapy.In control group,41 patients received 2 cycles of EP regimen chemotherapy in advance,then received three dimensional conformal radiation therapy.Results The complete remission rate and objective response rate of treatment group and control group had significant differences [45.2％ (19/42) vs.17.1％ (7/41),81.0％ (34/42) vs.51.2％ (21/41)] (P =0.006,0.004).Follow-up for 2 years,there were 2 patients lost in treatment group,there was 1 patient lost in control group.The 1,2 years survival rate of treatment group and control group had significant difference [87.5％(35/40) vs.60.0％(24/40),65.0％(26/40) vs.32.5％(13/40)](P =0.005,0.004).The incidence of leukopenia,anemia,radiation pneumonitis and radiation esophagitis in treatment group were higher than those in control group,but there were no significant differences (P＞ 0.05).The 2-year local recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate of treatment group and control group had significant differences [17.5％(7/40) vs.42.5％ (17/40),32.5％ (13/40) vs.62.5％ (25/40)] (P =0.015,0.007).Conclusions Three dimensional conformal radiation therapy combined with EP regimen for limited-stage of small cell lung cancer in elderly can improve the short-term efficacy,long-term survival and reduce the rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis.It is safe and effective in the treatment of limited-stage of small cell lung cancer in elderly.

Ribosome-inactivating proteins(RIPs), a natural anti-caner protein from some advanced plants, includes single-chain robosome-inactivating proteins (type Ⅰ) and double-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (type Ⅱ). Gelonin, relative molecular weight around 30?103, belongs to single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins. This review is about the structure and biological activity of cell toxin Gelonin and application prospect in anti-cancer treatment.

Objective To comparative analysis the effect of radiotherapy,thermoradiotherapy and chemora-diotherapy on esophageal cancer.Methods 120 patients with esophageal carcinoma were selected and randomly divided into the radiotherapy group,thermoradiotherapy groupand chemoradiotherapy group by digital table method, with 40 cases in each group,which were treated with radiotherapy alone,thermoradiotherapy alone and radiotherapy combine with chemotherapy respectively.The effects of treatment of the three groups were compared.Results The main toxic reaction in the three groups during the treatment for adverse reaction were digestive system reaction,hema-tologic toxicities and radioactive esophagitis.The incidence of toxic reaction of the three groups were not statistically significant(P >0.05).Total response rate of simple radiotherapy group,the thermal radiation group,chemoradiothera-py group were 52.5%,75.0% and 85.0%.,The total remission rate of chemotherapy group was higher than those of the radiotherapy group and the thermal radiation group(χ2 =5.218,3.857,all P <0.05).Conclusion The different treatment methods of esophageal cancer can obtain certain curative effect,but there are some adverse reactions.Among different treatment methods,radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma can get better effect than the radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy.

Objective To study the effects of different doses of insulin in diabetic ketoacidosisin children.Methods 44 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis in children who were treated with insulin in our hospital were selected as research object,and they were divided into group A(low dose group)22 cases and group B(high dose group)22 cases, and the blood glucose, blood calcium, serum potassium, acidosis corrected time and the levels of serum IL-6,IL-12,IL-18 and TNF-α and incidence of hypoglycemia of the two groups were compared and studied. Results The blood glucose, blood calcium,serum potassium, acidosis corrected time and the levels of serum IL-6, IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-α of the two groups had no differences, there were no significant difference(all P ＞ 0. 05), but the incidence of hypoglycemia of the group B was lower than that of group A,there was significant difference(P ＜0. 05). Conclusion The effects of low dose of insulin in diabetic ketoacidosis in children was better, blood glucose placidity decreases, and was worthy of further studying and popularization and application.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum interleukin (IL)-6,IL-8,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-C RP), total immunoglobulin (Ig) and complement C levels in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Methods Sixty-one cases of children with MPP (observation group) and 60 healthy children (control group) were selected. The serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method; the serum TNF-α level was tested by γ radioimmunoassay (RIA) counter; the serum hs-CRP, total Ig and complement C levels were tested by rate nephelometry method. Results The serum IL-6 concentration was (109.31 ±54.72) ng/L, IL-8 concentration was (128.19 ±65.87) ng/L, hs-CRP concentration was (34.13 ± 19.21) mg/L, total Ig concentration was (12.62 ± 5.51) g/L and complement C concentration was (2.98 ± 0.97) g/L in the observation group, and they were higher than those in the control group [(67.23 ±32.18) ng/L, (31.78 ±8.91) ng/L, (1.62 ±1.34) g/L, (6.71 ±3.65) g/L, (1.46 ±0.45) g/L]. The differences were significant (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01). The serum TNF- t level between two groups had no significant difference (P＞ 0.05). Conclusions The serum cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, hs-CRP, total Ig and complement C play an important role in MPP. It has important significance to detect the serum cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, hs-CRP, total Ig and complement C levels in children with MPP.

Objective To explore the value of dual energy CT imaging in the diagnosis of gouty tophus deposition.Methods Sixty-five cases of patients with gout treated in this hospital between December 2012 to December 2015 were selected.Another 65 cases of patients(rheumatoid arthritis,degenerative osteoarthritis and unexplained leg pain) were selected as control group.The re sults of dual energy CT imaging between two group were compared.Three experienced clinicians who didn't understand the imaging results were selected.They had a medical history and physical examination in patients with gout.The differences between clinical evaluation and imaging results were compared.Results Dual energy CT imaging showed that there were no tophi deposition in con trol group;the topi deposition in wrist joint,knee joint and ankle joint were 6.06％oo (33/34),100.00％ (22/22) and 96.49％ (55/57) in gout group.Dual energy CT imaging detected a total of 545 parts of tophus deposition.It was 4.36 times of the result of clinical evaluation(125 parts).Conclusion Dual energy CT imaging shows the advantages of simple noninvasive,high accuracy and low rate of misdiagnosis in diagnosing gout nodules.

Objective To investigate the relation ship between the changes of platelet parameters and intracranial hemorrhage in premature children with low birth weight. Methods 73 premature children with low birth weight were selected as research subjects and divided into PIVH group (35 cases) and non PIVH group (38 cases) according to intracranial hemorrhage or not,and 20 normal newborns were selected as controls. The neonatal platelet parameters of three groups were detected and compared. Results There were 35 cases of 73 premature children with low birth weight occurred intracranial hemorrhage, the incidence rate was 47. 9%. The gestational age and birth weight of PTVH group were (29.3 ± 1.2) weeks and (1 653.0 ± 182. 1) g and which were significantly lower than the non PIVH group( all P ＜0.05) ; the asphyxia rate of PIVH group was 60.0% and which was significantly higher than the non PIVH group(P＜0.05). The PLT and PCT of PIVH group were (187.52 ±52.03) × 109/L and (0.127 ± 0.05) % and which were significantly lower than the control group (all P ＜ 0. 05) ; The PLT and PCT of non PIVH group were(223.48 ±42.15) × 109/L and (0. 189 ±0. 06)% and which were significantly lower than the control group(all P＜0. 05) ; The PLT and PCT of PIVH group were significantly lower than the non PIVH group(all P ＜ 0.05) ; while the MPV and PDW among the three groups had no significant difference ( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The abnormal decrease of PLT and PCT should be involved in the pathogenesis of intracranial hemorrhage in premature children with low birth weight, clinical attention should be paid to the monitoring of platelet parameters in premature children so as to alert and minimize its incidence.

Objective To evaluate the role of CREB-binding protein (CBP) in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain (NP).Methods Forty male SD rats weighing 220-250 g in which intrathecal catheter was successfully implanted were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 each):sham operation group (group Sham),group NP,negative control group (group NC) and group CBP.NP was induced by CCI at 5 days after successful implantation of the intrathecal catheter.Normal saline,negative lentivirus vector (RNAi-NC-LV) and CBP shRNA lentivirus vector (CBP RNAi-LV) 20 μl were injected intrathecally at 7 days after CCI in groups NP,NC and CBP,respectively.Paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli (MWT)and paw withdrawal latency to thermal stimulus (TWL) were measured at 1 day before operation and at 3,5,7,10,12 and 14 days after operation.The rats were sacrificed after the measurement of MWT and TWL at 14 days after operation and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was then removed for determination of the expression of CBP,acetylated histone H3/H4 (Ac-H3,Ac-H4) and COX-2 protein (by immunohistochemistry),and CBP and COX-2 mRNA (by RF-PCR).Results Compared with group Sham,MWT and TWL were significantly decreased at different time points after operation in groups NP,NCand CBP,and the expression of CBP,Ac-H3,Ac-H4 and COX-2 protein,and CBP and COX-2 mRNA was up-regulated at 14 days after operation in groups NP and NC (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group NP,MWT and TWL were significantly increased at 10,12 and 14 days after operation and the expression of CBP,Ac-H3,Ac-H4 and COX-2 protein,and CBP and COX-2 mRNA was downregulated at 14 days after operation in group CBP (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CBP is involved in the development of NP by up-regulating COX-2 expression and increasing histone H3 and H4 acetylation in spinal cord.

Objective To analyze the treatment effect and factors affecting the prognosis in young people of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).Methods A total of 69 PTC patients were reviewed retrospectively in Sun Yatsen University Cancer Center from Dec 1996 to Oct 2005.The prognostic status were compared using the Kaplan-Meier methods,the factors were analyzed by Log-rank test and the multiple factors were estimated by the Cox regression models.Results There were 26 males and 43 females.The median age was 24 years (mean:23.1 years).The average follow-up time was 113 months ranging from 73 to 174 months.20.3％ patients (14/69) experienced recurrence during follow-up time and 1.4％ patient (1/69) died.All the patients received levothyroxine after operation.The 10 year disease-free survival (DFS) rate of patients with or without extra thyroidal extension (ETE) of PTC was 29.6％ and 80.1％,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that young PTC people with ETE had a worse prognosis (P =0.004).Conclusions Young papillary thyroid carcinoma patients had a favorable outcome.Surgical procedure was the first choice for this kind of patients.ETE was an independent factor for the recurrence of young PTC patients.