Objective:To explore the effects the of Astragalus Polysaccharide on specific immune therapy in a mouse model of asthma.Methods:Ninety SPF(Specific pathogen Free) BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups.The experimental groups were sensitized with OVA,treated with SIT or APS or their joint application.Then the mice were excited with 1% OVA.24 hours after the last excition,the numbers of the total inflammation cells and esoinophils(EOS) in BALF were counted.The left lung tissues were used to perform histological analysis.IFN-γ and IL-4 in peripheral blood were analysed by ELISA.Results:After the therapy,asthma-associated lung inflammation was inhibited,and the numbers of total cells and EOS decreased.IFN-γ level was raised and IL-4 level was lowered.Conclusion:APS can enhance SIT.It may result from affecting production of both the IFN-γ and IL-4.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate distribution and resistance of pathogens in patients with pulmonary infection after abdominal operation by stages,and provide reference to select antibiotics in clinics.METHODS Forty five patients with pulmonary infection after abdominal operation were included from Jan 2004 to Sep 2007.Their course was divided into 3 stages: onset stage,middle stage and last stage,at every stage to identify pathogens and to test drug sensitivity and the sputa and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were sampled.RESULTS A total of 189 strains of pathogens were isolated,from them 110(58.2%)were Gram-negative bacilli including Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae;and 59(31.2%)were Gram-positive cocci including Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus;and 20(10.6%)were fungi,Candida albicans was the main fungus.At onset stage the most pathogens were Gram-negative bacilli;at middle stage the Gram-positive cocci increased distinctly;and the fungi were detected at middle and last stages.The mixed infection rate was high.The result of drug sensitive test showed that there were high rates of multidrug resistance in P.aeruginosa.The resistance rates of all isolates of Enterobacteriaceae to imipenem or meropenem were 0.The resistance rates of all Gram-positive cocci to linezolid or vancomycin were 0.CONCLUSIONS Distribution of pathogens in patients with pulmonary infection after abdominal operation is different at each stage.The most are multidrug resistant,and rationl use of antibacterial drug in clinics must be based on the distribution and drug-resistance of pathogens.

OBJECTIVE:To study the time-effect and dose-effect of paeonol on the apoptosis of knee osteoarthritis(OA)artic-ular chondrocyte in rabbits and the mRNA expression of its related protein Bcl-2 and Bax. METHODS:60 big-ear rabbits were ran-domly divided into normal (normal saline) group,model (normal saline) group,paeonol high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups and triamcinolone acetonide(positive drug)group,with 10 rabbits in each group. Except for normal group,OA model was induced by right knee anterior cruciate ligament (ACLT) and the medial meniscus 1/3 resection in those groups. After modeling, different doses of paeonol(0.8,0.4,0.2 mg/kg),triamcinolone acetonide 0.2 mg/kg were injected into right articular cavity twice a week. 4 weeks and 8 weeks after administration,articular cartilage specimens were collected. Ultrapathological structure changes of articular chondrocytes were observed by electron microscope. Apoptosis of cartilage cell was observed by TUNEL and apoptotic index was calculated. mRNA expression of apoptosis related genes of Bcl-2 and Bax in articular cartilage tissue of rabbits were de-tected by in situ hybridization technique. RESULTS:Compared with normal group,articular chondrocyte of model group showed early and middle stage apoptosis morphology change after 4 and 8 weeks,and apoptosis index increased significantly and the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and Bax was up-regulated (P<0.01);4 and 8 weeks later after administration,compared with model group,apoptosis index decreased and mRNA expression of Bax was down-regulated in paeonol groups,while mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Electron microscopy ultrastructural observation showed articular chondrocyte of pae-onol high-dose and middle-dose groups were in early stage of apoptosis.CONCLUSIONS:Paeonol can slow down articular chondro-cyte degeneration and destroy in OA model rabbits in time and dose dependently. Its mechanism may be associated with expression up-regulation of Bcl-2 and expression down-regulation of Bax.

T lymphocyte subpopulation and level of soluble interleuckin 2 receptor in peripheral bloodand serum of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and donor were tested.The results show that de-crease of T lymphocyte subpopulations is related with increase of level of soluble interleuckin2 re-ceptor in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To predict clinical chemotherapy sensitivity of primary ovarian cancer by jointing adenosine triphosphate(ATP) - tumor chemo-sensitivity assay(TCA) method in vitro and detection of drug resistance genes, provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods Forty-seven primary epithelial ovarian tumor samples were collected from the patients who received cytoreductive surgery. Viable ovarian cancer cells obtained from malignant tissue were tested for their sensitivity to carboplatin (CBP), cisplatin (DDP), paclitaxel(PTX) and CBP + PTX using ATP-TCA method in vitro; at same time, real-time quantitative PCR was used to analysis BRCA1 and ERCC1 mRNA relative expression in forty-six specimens (1 frozen tumor samples mRNA were not detected due to serious degradation). The relationship between ATP-TCA test results, clinical indicators, and the effectiveness of the joint prediction on clinical chemosensitivity by combining these two methods were statistically analyzed using chi-square test. Results (1)The results showns that three programs of DDP,CBP and PTX + CBP were significantly related with clinical results(P<0.05) in vitro, in which the compliance rate in PTX + CBP program was the highest 83%(39/47) ,and the predictive sensitivity, predictive specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and predictive accurate rate were 90%,71%,84% and 80% ,respectively.PTX + CBP combined in vitro test results was also related with residual tumor size and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which was more prone to drug resistance with residual tumor larger than 2 cm (P = 0. 023) and with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.011). (2) BRCA1 mRNA expression levels in the clinical-resistant group and the clinical-sensitive group was 0.673 ± 2.143 and - 1.436 ± 2.594 (P=0.008), ERCC1 mRNA expression levels in the clinical-resistant group and the clinical-sensitive group was -0.529 ± 1.982 and - 3.188 ±2.601 (P =0.001). There were also significant correlation among the expression levels of BRCA1 ,ERCC1 mRNA and clinical efficacy (P<0.01). (3)ATP-TCA and detection of drug resistance genes combined to predict the clinical application of PTX + CBP resistance may occur in 8/9 cases. Conclusions ATP-TCA may be an ideal method of in vitro drug sensitivity testing method, which could effectively predict clinical chemotherapy sensitivity. Combination of the drug-resistant associated genes detection method and the ATP-TCA method can increase the predictive effectiveness of ovarian cancer chemosensitivity and guide individual chemotherapy of ovarian cancer.

Objective To compare the percutaneous absorption of experimentally prepared mupirocin ointment and commercially sold mupirocin ointment, and to study the dynamics mode of transdermal absorption of mupirocin ointment. Methods Inerstil ODS-SP column (4.6 mm× 150 mm,5 μm) was used with a mixture of 0.1 mol·L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution (pH value was adjusted to 6.3 by 0.1 mol·L-1 sodium hydroxide solution) and acetonitrile (75:25) as a mobile phase by HPLC.The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1 .Improved Franz type diffusion cells were used for in vitro permeation studies and excised Obama Suckling pig skins in vitro were used as the transdermal barrier.The concentration of the receptor solution was determined by HPLC to investigate its cumulative permeation quantities at different time and the two sets of ointment were compared. Results The average recovery rate of hydrophilic medium was 99.4％,and RSD was 1.2％(n= 9).The average recovery rate of lipophilic medium was 99.0％,and RSD was 1.3％(n= 9).There was no significant difference of the concentration between two ointment within 12 h.The osmotic release of the drug of the sample and the reference preparation, which were in hydrophilic medium, was similar to that of the Zero equation, and roughly Higuchi equation in the lipophilic medium. Conclusion The results showed that the release behavior of mupirocin ointment followed Zero equation in the hydrophilic medium,and Higchi equation in the lipophilic medium.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy prediction and evaluation value of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer by using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) texture analysis.Methods:The clinical data of 63 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer in the Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from September 2014 to October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent DCE-MRI before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and they were divided into the treatment-effective group (40 cases) and the treatment-ineffective group (23 cases) according to the postoperative pathological results. Texture parameters from volume transfer (Ktrans) maps of DCE-MRI before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and after 4-8 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were measured by using Omni-Kinetics software. The comparison of texture parameters between the two groups was performed by using independent sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test. The receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn and the prediction efficiency of these texture parameters in the therapeutic efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer according to the corresponding area under the curve (AUC) was evaluated.Results:A total of 33 texture parameters were enrolled, and finally 29 texture parameters were retained. Before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy 22 texture parameters had statistically significant difference in 63 patients (all P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in 9 texture parameters between the two groups before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (all P < 0.05), including uniformity [0.17 (-0.06, 0.34), 0.39 (0.22, 0.48), Z = -2.955, P < 0.01], histogram energy [169.88 (129.36, 288.77), 116.22 (93.77, 151.95), Z = 3.241, P < 0.01] and histogram entropy [6.33 (5.71, 6.69), 6.68 (6.52, 6.97), Z = -2.991, P < 0.01]. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 8 of the 29 texture parameters between the two groups had statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05), including histogram entropy (6.00±0.71, 6.46±0.49, t = -2.720, P < 0.01), entropy (6.81±1.40, 8.02±1.48, t = -3.238, P < 0.01), Haralick entropy [0.49±0.10, 0.55±0.10, Z = -2.613, P < 0.01], grey level non-uniformity (GLN) [1.68 (1.42, 3.37), 4.92 (3.58, 8.50), Z = -3.897, P < 0.01], run length non-uniformity (RLN) [100.38 (65.31, 305.75), 359.75 (176.75, 655.00), Z = -4.033, P < 0.01]. There were statistical differences in 8 parameters change rate before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy between the two groups (all P < 0.05), mainly including ΔGLN [-0.72 (-0.78, -0.60), -0.23 (-0.55, 0.36), Z = -4.554, P < 0.01], ΔRLN [-0.71 (-0.85, -0.52), -0.33 (-0.48, -0.10), Z = -4.454, P < 0.01], Δhigh grey level run emphasis (HGLRE) [1.28 (0.39, 3.46), 0.11 (-0.24, 0.86), Z = 3.184, P < 0.01]. According to the ROC curve, AUC of GLN, RLN, ΔGLN and ΔRLN after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 0.80, 0.81, 0.85 and 0.84, respectively. Conclusion:Some texture parameters obtained from DCE-MRI Ktrans map can predict and evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.

Objective:To seek specific response points on the body surface of patients with primary dysmenorrhea(PD)by observing blood perfusion unit(PU)at different points of the three Yin meridians of foot using laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI). Methods:Eighty PD patients were recruited as a PD group,and 80 healthy female undergraduates were taken as a normal group.During one menstrual cycle(before menstruation,during menstruation,and 3 d after menstruation),each participant was examined using the LSCI system to determine PU at bilateral Taixi(KI3),Taibai(SP3),Taichong(LR3),Shuiquan(KI5),Diji(SP8),Zhongdu(LR6),Sanyinjiao(SP6),and Xuehai(SP10)and non-acupuncture points.The researchers in charge of point location,operation,and statistical analysis were not aware of grouping.PU at the detection spots was taken as the outcome measure. Results:Compared with the normal group,the PD group showed increases in PU at right Taixi(KI3)before menstruation(P<0.05)and at bilateral Zhongdu(LR6)and right Diji(SP8)during menstruation(P<0.05).At the other time points,significance was not found between the two groups in comparing PU at the detected spots. Conclusion:Compared with healthy participants,PD patients present specific changes in PU at Taixi(KI3),Diji(SP8),and Zhongdu(LR6)at specific time points during the menstrual cycle,which provides a reference for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of PD in clinical settings.

Objective? To explore the method of continuing care for children patients with leukemia and to observe its effects to offer reference for continuing care research. Methods? Totally 160 children patients with leukemia who received maintenance chemotherapy and deep vein indwelling catheterization between November 2016 and January 2018 in Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, were selected by convenient sampling and divided into the observation group and the control group based on the admission time. A total of 80 children patients admitted between November 2016 and January 2017 were divided into the control group who received continuing care in the form of conventional discharge guidance and telephone follow-up, while the other 80 patients admitted from November 2017 to January 2018 were divided into the observation group who received the multielement, whole-course and high-quality continuing care as designed by the department. The awareness rate of health education knowledge, the incidence rate of deep vein catheter-associated complications and the satisfaction degree of continuing care service were compared between the two groups. Results? The awareness rate of health education knowledge was 85.0% in the observation group, significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.01), which was 61.3%; the incidence rate of deep vein catheter-associated complications was 6.25% in the observation group, lower than that of the control group (P＜0.01), which was 28.75%; and the satisfaction of the parents of the observation group with continuing care service was 97.50%, higher than that of the control group (P＜0.01), which was 83.75%. Conclusions? Continuing care is of critical importance for treatment and rehabilitation of children patients with leukemia. The continuing care practice is effective and worth promoting in clinical practice.

Objective To explore the application effect of 3D printing technology applied in nursing teaching of neurosurgery.Methods A total of 76 nursing students who had internship in the neurosurgery of our hospital from July 2015 to March 2016 were randomly divided into the control group and the intervention group by computer random sequence,with 38 cases in each group. Traditional PPT instruction method was applied in the control group,while 3D printing technology was applied in the teaching of intervention group,and it was used to print the 3D models of patients′ skull,intracranial tumor,encephalic blood vessel,etc. Teaching effect of two groups was observed and compared by theoretical examination,self-evaluation and mutual evaluation between nursing students and teachers,and teaching effectiveness.Results The score of theoretical knowledge in the intervention group(90.05±0.74),was higher than that in the control group(82.08±1.04)(t=6.22,P<0.01). The total score of nursing examination in the intervention group was(92.95±0.41),which was higher than that in the control group(80.05±0.87)(t=13.29,P<0.01). Mutual evaluation satisfaction of nursing students and teachers in the intervention group were 92.1% and 97.4%,and they were higher than those in the control group which were 84.2% and 81.6%(P>0.05).Conclusions The application of 3D printing technology in nursing teaching of neurosurgery can effectively improve interns′ comprehensive ability in neurosurgery theoretical knowledge,enhance students′ learning enthusiasm and initiative,and raise the general level of interns.