Objective To study the effect of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)on expression of IRF-3 and IFN-? during the inflammatory reaction induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion in mice. Methods After blockade of TLR4 by TLR4 antibody,expression of TLR4,IRF-3 and IFN-? at the protein level in hippocampus was examined by Western blot,respectively. Mice were randomly divided into sham group,ischemia reperfusion group and TLR4 blocking group in different time points (1,2,3 and 4 day). Results In the right cortex,the expression of TLR4,IRF-3 and IFN-? of I group was distinctly higher than that of S and T group(P

Objective To study the distribution of hemodynamics in carotid artery under the fluid-solid interaction at the typical point of time during a single cardiac cycle, and to explore the mechanism of the formation and development of carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Methods Numerical analysis the blood flow characteristics within a cardiac cycle in carotid artery was analyzed by using computational method of fluid dynamics. Based on the hemodynamic parameters, the influences of the cardiac systole and diastole on the blood flow distribution were analyzed. Results The distribution of blood flow in the carotid artery within a typical cardiac cycle was obtained. Compared with the findings in cardiac diastole, a larger area of blood stasis at the entrance of external carotid artery was observed. In this area, the flow velocity, the wall pressure and the wall shear stress were all lower, while the arterial wall deformation and von Mises equivalent stress were larger. Conclusion Under fluid-solid interaction, the low blood flow in carotid artery causes blood reflux, resulting in the deposition of lipid, fiber and other large molecular materials. The low wall pressure produced“negative pressure” effect, thus the normal blood flow is changed, the flow velocity becomes slow, and the blood supply of the brain becomes insufficient. The low wall shear stress destroys the blood flow near the wall, causing the increase of platelet activity and intimal hyperplasia. The larger arterial wall deformation variable and von Mises equivalent stress can cause stress concentration and increase vascular rupture risk.

An adolescent patient,in the peak of growth and development,with severe skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion and maxillary impacted canines was treated by removable and fixed appliances in the upper and lower dental arches.After treatment,the crossbite was relieved,the facial contour was improved,the integrity of the denture was kept and the Class Ⅰ molar relationship was achieved.

Objective To study the two-phase flow dynamics distribution and red blood cell distribution under the fluid-solid coupling interaction in left coronary artery at the typical time point within one cardiac cycle,and to investigate the formation and development mechanisms of left coronary artery atherosclerotic plaque Methods The blood was regarded as a two-phase fluid.Based on fluid-solid interaction between blood and vascular wall,the computational fluid dynamics method was used to make the transient numerical simulation of two-phase flow in the left coronary artery under fluid-solid interaction;the distribution of blood flow in the left coronary artery at the typical time point within one cardiac cycle was studied,the relationship between hemodynamic parameters and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque was analyzed.Results A lowspeed eddy zone existed in an area between the distal segment of circumferential branch and the proximal outside of blunt-edge branch of the left coronary artery,where both internal wall shear stress and red blood cell volume fraction were very small and the blood flow pattern was very complicated.Conclusion At the lowspeed eddy zone that carries small wall shear stress,the lipid concentration polarization and macromolecular material deposition are easy to be produced.The area that has less red blood cells is liable to develop hypoxia,resulting in increased vascular wall permeability and intimal injury,which will activate the immune system,causing lipid accumulation in vascular wall and intimal hyperplasia and,thus,to induce the formation of atherosclerotic plaque.(J Intervent Radiol,2017,26:253-257)

Pulse waves contain abundant physiological and pathological information of human body. Research of the relationship between pulse wave and human cardiovascular physiological parameters can not only help clinical diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but also contribute to develop many new medical instruments. Based on the traditional double elastic cavity model, the human cardiovascular system was established by using the electric network model in this paper. The change of wall pressure and blood flow in artery was simulated. And the influence of the peripheral resistance and vessel compliance to the distribution of blood flow in artery was analyzed. The simulation results were compared with the clinical monitoring results to predict the physiological and pathological state of human body. The result showed that the simulation waveform of arterial wall pressure and blood flow was stabile after the second cardiac cycle. With the increasing of peripheral resistance, the systolic blood pressure of artery increased, the diastolic blood pressure had no significant change, and the pulse pressure of artery increased gradually. With the decreasing of vessel compliance, the vasoactivity became worse and the pulse pressure increased correspondingly. The simulation results were consistent with the clinical monitoring results. The increasing of peripheral resistance and decreasing of vascular compliance indicated that the incidence of hypertension and atherosclerosis was increased.
Aorta ; Arteries ; physiology ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Electricity ; Heart ; physiology ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Vascular Resistance

BACKGROUND:Transplantation of alogeneic intervertebral disc can be facilitated by the cryopreservation of the intervertebral disc. But the traditional cryopreservation methods always lead to the appearing of ice crystals inside and outside the cels which can cause celular injury. The vitrification method that can avoid the formation of ice crystals have been widely applied in the cryopreservation field. However, only a few reports have assessed the vitrified cryopreservation of the intervertebral disc, and the toxicity of cryoprotectants to the nucleus pulposus cels have not been fuly explored.
OBJECTIVE:To determine the order of toxicity of five commonly used cryoprotectants that are used alone or in combination to rabbit nucleus pulposus cels, and to select the optimal cryoprotectant for the vitrification of the intervertebral disc.
METHODS: We chose five most commonly used cryoprotectants including dimethyl sulphoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol. Then, 5 single commonly used cryoprotectants, 10 mixed agents containing any 2 commonly used cryoprotectants, and 10 mixed agents containing any 3 commonly used cryoprotectants were formulated. Cel viability of nucleus pulposus cels was determined using cel counting kit-8 and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide method. Al data obtained were analyzed statisticaly to choose the appropriate combining scheme with less toxicity.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The order of the toxicity of these five commonly used cryoprotectants from low to high was ethylene glycol, glycerol, formamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, and propylene glycol. The toxicity of the combined agents containing two or three commonly used cryoprotectants was lower than that of any commonly used cryoprotectants that were used to formulate them. The toxicity of the mixed agents that contained ethylene glycol or glycerol was lower than that of any other mixed agents. So we can choose the mixed cryoprotectants that contain ethylene glycol and (or) glycerol for the vitrification of the intervertebral disc.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of acoustic stimulus intensity on air-conducted sound elicited ocular vestibular- evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) in normal young Chinese subjects.

METHODSThirty-five normal subjects aged 4-40 years (20.80∓8.89 years), including 16 males and 19 females, were recruited for conventional oVEMP and cVEMP examinations. The responses obtained from each side using 500 Hz tone bursts were divided into 6 groups according to different sound intensities (100, 95, 90, 85, 80 and 75dB nHL). The response rate and normal parameters of each stimulus intensity group were calculated.

RESULTSAs the acoustic stimulus intensity decreased, the oVEMP response rate decreased from 100% in both 100 dB nHL and 95dB nHL groups to 97.14% (90 dB nHL), 54.29% (85 dB nHL), 14.29% (80 dB nHL), and 2.86% (75 dB nHL), and the response rate of cVEMP, 100% in both 100 dB nHL and 95dB nHL groups, was lowered to 97.14% (90 dB nHL), 84.29% (85 dB nHL), 38.57% (80 dB nHL) and 8.57% (75 dB nHL). The response rate and the parameters were comparable between 100 and 95 dB nHL groups.

CONCLUSIONAs the acoustic stimulus intensity decreases, both oVEMP and cVEMP show decreased response rate and amplitude. For Chinese subjects under 40 years of age, we recommend 95dB nHL as the maximum initial stimulus intensity in VEMPs test.

Acoustic Stimulation ; Acoustics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sound ; Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the stress distribution on the maxillary anterior teeth retracted with sliding mechanics and micro-implant anchorage using different retraction hook heights and positions.Methods DICOM image data including maxilla and upper teeth were obtained with cone-beam CT.The three-dimensional finite element model was constructed using Mimics software.Brackets and archwire model were constructed using Creo software.The models were instantiated using Pro/Engineer software.Abaqus software was used to simulate the sliding mechanics by loading 2 N force on 0,2,4,6,8,10 mm retraction hooks and three different positions,repectively.Rotation of the occlusal plane,the initial displacement and stress distribution of teeth were analyzed.Results Lingual rotation of maxillary central incisor(0.021°),gingival movement of the maxillary first molar(0.005 mm),and clockwise rotation of the maxillary occlusal plane(0.012°) were observed when the force application point located at the archwire level (0 mm).In contrast,0.235° labial rotation of the maxillary central incisor,0.015 mm occlusal movement of the maxillary first molar,and 0.075° anti-clockwise rotation of the maxillary occlusal plane were observed when the force application point located at the higher level(10 mm retraction hook).The more the force application point was located posteriorly at the archwire level,the less lingual rotation of the maxillary central incisor and the more buccal displacement of maxillary first molar was observed.Conclusions Maxillary anterior tooth rotation and retraction,vertical displacement of posterior segment,and rotation of the occlusal plane could be controlled by adjusting the height and position of the retraction hook in space closure using miniscrew and sliding mechanics.

Objective? To explore the effect of peer education based on information technology on self-management behavior of rectal cancer patients after anus-preserving surgery. Methods? Using convenience sampling method, from January to October 2018, patients with rectal cancer who were hospitalized in General Surgery Department of a Class Ⅲ Grade A hospital in Harbin were selected as the research objects. According to the time of admission, 34 patients from January to May 2018 were taken as control group and 37 patients from June to October 2018 were taken as observation group. Patients in the control group received routine discharge guidance, while patients in the observation group received peer education based on information technology. The effect of intervention was evaluated by Self-management Behavior Questionnaire for Intestinal Symptoms of Rectal Cancer Patients after Anus-preserving Operation and Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS). Results? After intervention, the total scores of Self-management Behavior Questionnaire for Intestinal Symptoms of Rectal Cancer Patients after Anus-preserving Operation, "treatment management", "perianal skin management","seeking help from others", "self-emotion adjustment" and "social management" in the observation group were higher than those in the control group with statistically difference (P＜ 0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the dimensional scores of "dietary management" between the two groups (P＞ 0.05). After the intervention, the SAS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions? Information technology-based peer education can improve the self-management behavior of patients with rectal cancer after anus-preserving operation and reduce the anxiety level of patients. It is worthy of popularization and application.

Objectives:To explore the impact of inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)signaling pathway on autophagy flux and cardiac function in mice with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury. Methods:H9c2 cells were divided into control group,IRE1 group,oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R)group,OGD/R+IRE1 group,chloroquine group,IRE1+chloroquine group,OGD/R+IRE1+chloroquine group,OGD/R+chloroquine group,OGD group,OGD+chloroquine group,OGD+IRE1+RNAi X-box binding protein 1(si-XBP1)group and OGD+IRE1+XBP1 overexpression(XBP1-OE)group.Autophagy flux of cells in each group was evaluated by autophagy double-labeled adenovirus(Adv-RFP-GFP-LC3).The nuclear translocation of X-box binding protein 1(XBP1)was analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blot.Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into sham operation group,I/R group,IRE1 group and I/R+IRE1 group(n=8 each).Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography.Quantitative western blot analysis was used to detect protein expression of autophagy-related molecules. Results:(1)Compared with OGD/R group,the expression level of IRE1 protein was significantly upregulated(P<0.001),and the expressions of microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3B(LC3Ⅱ)and sequestosome 1(p62)proteins were significantly decreased in IRE1+OGD/R group(all P<0.05).Compared with OGD/R+chloroquine group,the expression of LC3Ⅱ and p62 protein was significantly increased in OGD/R+IRE1+chloroquine group(all P<0.05).Compared with control group,the fluorescence intensity ratio of IRE1 nucleus/cytoplasm was significantly increased in OGD/R group(P<0.001),and further increased in IRE1+OGD/R group(P<0.001).The level of XBP1 in the nuclear protein was significantly higher in IRE1+OGD/R group than in OGD/R group(P<0.01).Compared with OGD/R+IRE1 group,the yellow punctures was significantly decreased in OGD/R+IRE1+si-XBP1 group(P<0.01),and significantly increased in OGD/R+IRE1+XBP1-OE group(P<0.05).(2)Compared with Sham group,the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)and fractional shortening(FS)were significantly decreased in I/R group(both P<0.05),LVEF and FS reduction could be partly reversed in I/R+IRE1 group.Compared with Sham group,the number of autophagic vacuoles and the expressions of IRE1,LC3Ⅱ and p62 were significantly increased in I/R group(P<0.05).The number of autophagic vacuoles and the expression of p62 were significantly downregulated(both P<0.05),and the expressions of IRE1 and LC3Ⅱ in myocardial tissue were further increased in I/R+IRE1 group as compared to the I/R group(all P<0.05). Conclusions:IRE1 restores the blocked autophagy flux induced by OGD/R and I/R by promoting the nuclear translocation of XBP1,and the recovery of autophagy flux is associated with cardiac function improvement post I/R injury in mice.