Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of ursolic acid on carrageenan-induced chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) of SD rats. Methods Forty-two SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group, model control group, Pushitai group, ursolic acid high-dose group, and low-dose group.Except for normal control group, chronic nonbacterial prostatitis model was established using carrageenan. The rats of Pushitai group were treated with the solution of Pushitai at the dose of 148 mg??kg-1??d-1 for twenty days.The rats of ursolic acid high-dose and low-dose groups were administered with ursolic acid at the doses of 100 and 50 mg??kg-1??d-1 for twenty days, respectively. The rats of normal and model control groups were treated with isometric 5% CMC-Na for twenty days.The prostate index (PI) was calculated from the ratio of isolated rat prostate weight and body weight of rat.The expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. The histology and morphology of the prostate was observed with the aid of hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results Compared with the model control group, PI and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in serum were significantly decreased in ursolic acid high-dose,and low dose groups ( P<0. 05 ) . Moreover, the pathological changes of prostate were improved significantly. Conclusion Ursolic acid has certain therapy effects on chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, which may be related to its regulating the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10.

Objective To explore the characteristics of clinical features,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis in acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP) patients.Methods We described an 80-year-old woman who was diagnosed with AFOP and got better after treatment with glucocorticoids.Clinical data of 51 patients which have been published in literatures in China and abroad were retrospectively analyzed.The differences in characteristics of clinical features were compared between the elderly and non-elderly patients.Results The case reported herein,who was a 80-year-old female with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA),presented with fever,dry cough and progressive dyspnea.Chest CT scan showed bilateral multiple patchy consolidation.CT-guided needle aspiration was performed and the pathological examination finding was consistent with AFOP.The patient was treated with oral methylprednisolone and experienced a significant improvement in symptoms and imaging manifestations.But she presented with deterioration with relapsing clinical symptoms when she discontinued corticosteroid treatment by herself,and the clinical symptoms were improved by retreatment.Clinical data of 51 reported cases with AFOP including 27 males and 24 females aged 38 d to 80 years were enrolled and analyzed in the study.Patients aged 60 years and over accounted for 47.1％ (24 cases).No risk or predisposing factor was found in most of cases.Autoimmune diseases were the most common combined diseases in AFOP patients.The top three symptoms were dyspnea (80.4％,41 cases),cough (64.7％,33 cases) and fever (52.9％,27 cases).The incidence of dyspnea was lower in elderly patients than in non-elderly patients [66.7％ (16/24) vs.92.6％ (25/27),P＜0.05],and ground glass opacity in the chest image was also less in elderly patients than in non-elderly patients (P＜0.05).15 patients (29.4％) got definitive diagnosis by minimally invasive procedures including percutaneous lung puncture biopsy or transbronchial lung biopsy.Corticosteroids were the main drug treatment,and 39 cases (76.5 ％) received antibacterial drugs.The mortality rate of AFOP was 37.3％ (15 cases).The average time from symptom onset to final diagnosis was shorter in dead cases than in recovered patients (19 days vs.40 days,P＜0.05).The rate of using mechanical ventilation was higher in dead cases than in recovered patients [57.9 ％ (11/19) vs.9.4％ (3/32),P＜0.05].Conclusions There are no specific clinical and imaging features in AFOP,which is easily misdiagnosed as infectious diseases.AFOP is more common in elderly patients.Dyspnea and other symptoms can easily be ignored,and minimally invasive biopsy and pathological examination findings is helpful for diagnosis.The mortality rate of AFOP is high,and insufficient course of therapy is associated with the increased risk of AFOP relapse.Rapid progression of disease and the invasive mechanical ventilation predispose poor outcomes.

Objective To analysis the human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection status in Wenzhou among voluntaty blood donors.Methods Selected 72 417 voluntary blood donors of Wenzhou from from March,1,2016,to November,30,2016,to screen HTLV-Ⅰ / Ⅱ antibody by ELISA method.The positive samples were reexamined two times,two test results of samples were determined positive by ELISA.HTLV positive samples was confiemed by Western Blotting (WB).Results Screened 23 cases of anti-HTLV positive by ELISA method,then confirmed 9 cases of HTLV positive by Western Blotting (WB).HTLV infection rate of Wenzhou blood donors was 0.01％ (9/72 417).Conclusions HTLV infection was found among volunteer blood donors in Wenzhou,but the HTLV infection rate of volunteer blood donors in Wenzhou is still at a relatively low level.

Objective To study the effects of using the polysiloxane impression material in the repair of the precise attachment.Method Using the Rapid polysiloxane impression material to make 37 work impressions,29 un-work impressions were made by alginate impression material.Results All the work impressions were eligible while there were 4 un-work impressions not eligible at the first time. Conclusion The effects of using the polysiloxane impression material in the repair of the precise attachment is satisfactory.

BACKGROUND:Transplantation of alogeneic intervertebral disc can be facilitated by the cryopreservation of the intervertebral disc. But the traditional cryopreservation methods always lead to the appearing of ice crystals inside and outside the cels which can cause celular injury. The vitrification method that can avoid the formation of ice crystals have been widely applied in the cryopreservation field. However, only a few reports have assessed the vitrified cryopreservation of the intervertebral disc, and the toxicity of cryoprotectants to the nucleus pulposus cels have not been fuly explored.
OBJECTIVE:To determine the order of toxicity of five commonly used cryoprotectants that are used alone or in combination to rabbit nucleus pulposus cels, and to select the optimal cryoprotectant for the vitrification of the intervertebral disc.
METHODS: We chose five most commonly used cryoprotectants including dimethyl sulphoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol. Then, 5 single commonly used cryoprotectants, 10 mixed agents containing any 2 commonly used cryoprotectants, and 10 mixed agents containing any 3 commonly used cryoprotectants were formulated. Cel viability of nucleus pulposus cels was determined using cel counting kit-8 and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide method. Al data obtained were analyzed statisticaly to choose the appropriate combining scheme with less toxicity.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The order of the toxicity of these five commonly used cryoprotectants from low to high was ethylene glycol, glycerol, formamide, dimethyl sulphoxide, and propylene glycol. The toxicity of the combined agents containing two or three commonly used cryoprotectants was lower than that of any commonly used cryoprotectants that were used to formulate them. The toxicity of the mixed agents that contained ethylene glycol or glycerol was lower than that of any other mixed agents. So we can choose the mixed cryoprotectants that contain ethylene glycol and (or) glycerol for the vitrification of the intervertebral disc.

Objective To explore the executive function profiles in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in a Chinese sample population. Methods We identified 68 outpatients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV(DSM-IV)and 74 normal adults.All subjects completed clinical interview, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) and Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Results ADHD group had higher scores in all factors of BRIEF-A questionnaire compared with normal control (P<0.01). ADHD group had a higher score in SWM strategy score [(30.84±5.58)vs.(28.80±5.85), t=2.056,P=0.042]compared with control group. Compared with control group, ADHD group had a lower score in RVP total hits [37(33,41.75) vs.3(37,48), Z=-3.184,P<0.01]. Total correct rejections[(508(497.5,518)vs. 516(503,529.5),Z=-2.229,P=0.0260)]were significantly lower,while RVP total misses were significantly higher [(17 (12.25,21)vs.12(7,20),Z=2.293,P=0.022)].ADHD-RS-IV attention deficit score was positively correlated with SWM strategy while RVP total misses were negatively correlated with RVP total hits and RVP correct rejections.Working memory score in BRIEF-A was significantly correlated with the SWM strategy,RVP total hits, RVP total correct rejections and RVP probable of hit as well as RVP total misses. Conclusion Adults with ADHD have executive functioning deficits which is correlated with ADHD core symptoms.

Objective To detect the levels of serum fatty factor complement C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein (CTRP) 3 and CTRP9 in pre-eclampsia (PE) pregnant women,and to analyze their correlations with the levels of glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism indexes.Methods From January 2016 to March 2018,96 pregnant women with mild pre-eclampsia and 90 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia were selected,another 100 healthy pregnant women were selected as control group.The levels of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);the levels of triglyceride (TG),cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL),free fatty acid (FFA),and fasting blood glucose (FPG) were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer;fasting insulin level (FINS) was measured by automatic chemiluminescence instrument.The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated and the differences among the three groups were compared.Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between the levels of CTRP3 and CTRP9 and the indexes of glycolipid metabolism.Results The serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 levels of PE patients in severe group and mild group were significantly lower than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05),and serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 levels in severe PE patients were significantly lower than those in mild PE patients (P ＜ 0.05);the serum lipid metabolism indexes levels of FFA,TG,TC,and LDL of PE patients in severe group and mild group were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05),and HDL level was significantly lower than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05);the levels of serum lipid metabolism indexes FFA,TG,TC,and LDL of PE patients in severe group were significantly higher than those in mild group (P ＜ 0.05),and the level of HDL was significantly lower than that in mild group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of serum glucose metabolism indexes FPG,FINS,and HOMA-IR of PE patients in severe group and mild group were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.05);the levels of FPG,FINS,and HOMA-IR in severe PE patients were significantly higher than those in mild PE patients (P ＜ 0.05).Pearson test showed that serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 levels in PE patients were negatively correlated with FFA,TG,TC,FPG,FINS,and HOMA-IR levels (P ＜ 0.05),and positively correlated with HDL level (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The levels of serum CTRP3 and CTRP9 are decreased in PE patients,which is negatively correlated with FFA,TG,TC,FPG,FINS,and HOMA-IR levels,and positively correlated with HDL level.They may be indirectly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of PE by affecting the glycolipid metabolism in pregnant women.

Misuse and abuse of veterinary antimicrobial agents have led to an alarming increase in bacterial resistance, clinical treatment failure, and drug residues. To address these problems, consistent and appropriate dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents are needed. Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) models have been widely used to establish rational dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents that can achieve effective prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases and avoid the development of bacterial resistance. This review introduces building methods for PK/PD models and describes current PK/PD research progress toward rational dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents. Finally, the challenges and prospects of PK/PD models in the design of dosage regimens for veterinary antimicrobial agents are reviewed. This review will help to increase awareness of PK/PD modeling among veterinarians and hopefully promote its development and future use.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacterial Infections ; Drug Residues ; Humans ; Treatment Failure ; Veterinarians

Objective:To analyze and summarize the implementation effect of basic essential surgical training (BEST) course of laparoscopic skills over the past 10 years and the practical experience in updating course content and models.Methods:The pre-class assessment questionnaires, basic laparoscopic operation assessment results, and post-class assessment questionnaires of the students who participated in the BEST course of laparoscopic skills were collected. According to the period of the course construction, the students were divided into two groups, namely students who used the course of single training system in the early stage (traditional group) and students who used the course integrating a variety of training systems after the course model was updated in the later stage (test group). The two groups were compared for the scores of track circle moving, tunnel crossing, and high and low columns, as well as their subjective evaluation of course setting and implementation effect. The t-test, Wilcoxon test, or chi-square test was conducted according to the data type using SPSS 13.0. Results:The time for 150 traditional group students to complete track circle moving, tunnel crossing, and high and low columns was 1.08 min (0.81 min, 1.60 min), 2.20 min (1.60 min, 3.27 min), and 4.86 min (3.28 min, 6.36 min), respectively, while the time for 75 test group students to complete the three operations was 1.27 min (0.87 min, 1.83 min), 2.57 min (1.58 min, 4.07 min), and 4.35 min (2.90 min, 6.42 min), respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). In terms of students' subjective evaluation of the course, a higher percentage of the test group students were satisfied with classroom environment, teaching method arrangement, training equipment, training opportunities, helping clinical work, and meeting pre-class expectations than those in the traditional group. Conclusion:The constantly updated BEST course can ensure the training quality of trainees and obtain their higher satisfaction. The benefits of this course in clinical practice can be further verified through long-term follow-up of these trainees.

Objective To investigate the number and categorical distribution of non-medical radiation institutions in Fujian Province, China, and to explore the current situation of radiation occupational hazards prevention and control and the occupational health management of radiation workers in employing units. Methods The industrial enterprises engaged in the application of nuclear technology in our province were investigated, and different types of employing units were selected to monitor the radioactivity level in the workplace. Results A total of 377 non-medical radiation institutions were reported in the province, with a total of 5221 radiation workers (except luggage detector units); 1246 radiation workers held radiation worker certificates, accounting for 23.87%; 5103 radiation workers carried out personal dose monitoring, accounting for 97.74%; 5061 radiation workers participated in radiation protection knowledge training, accounting for 96.94%; a total of 4895 (93.76%)radiation workers received physical examination. Conclusion Health supervision authorities in Fujian Province should strengthen the supervision of non-medical radiation institutions, further improve the level of occupational health management, and protect the health rights and interests of radiation workers to the maximum extent.