Objective To study the correlation of human cytomegalovirus infection with carotid atherosclerosis.Methods A total of 120 patients with carotid atherosclerosis and 140 healthy control patients were recruited for HCMV-PP65 antigen detection and Ultrasound examination.Results In carotid atherosclerosis and healthy patients,58.20％(71 cases)and 6.43％(9 cases)of the subjects were positive for HCMV-PP65 antigen(x2 =32.98,P ＜ 0.05).In carotid atherosclerosis group,69.01％(49 cases)of the patients with positive HCMV-PP65 antigen had instable plaques,while it was 47.06％(24 cases)in the patients with negative HCMV-PP65 antigen.The difference in the positivity of HCMV-PP65 between the two groups were significant(x2 =8.22,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Active infection of HCMV may be associated with Carotid Atherosclerosis and the plaques will be more instable.

Objective To study the distinct clinical phenotype of chronic airway diseases by hierarchical cluster analysis and two-step cluster analysis.Methods A population sample of adult patients in Donghuamen community,Dongcheng district and Qinghe community,Haidian district,Beijing from April 2012 to January 2015,who had wheeze within the last 12 months,underwent detailed investigation,including a clinical questionnaire,pulmonary function tests,total serum IgE levels,blood eosinophil level and a peak flow diary.Nine variables were chosen as evaluating parameters,including pre-salbutamol forced expired volume in one second(FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio,pre-salbutamol FEV1,percentage of post-salbutamol change in FEV1,residual capacity,diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide/alveolar volume adjusted for haemoglobin level,peak expiratory flow (PEF) variability,serum IgE level,cumulative tobacco cigarette consumption (pack-years) and respiratory symptoms (cough and expectoration).Subjects' different clinical phenotype by hierarchical cluster analysis and two-step cluster analysis was identified.Results (1) Four clusters were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis.Cluster 1 was chronic bronchitis in smokers with normal pulmonary function.Cluster 2 was chronic bronchitis or mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with mild airflow limitation.Cluster 3 included COPD patients with heavy smoking,poor quality of life and severe airflow limitation.Cluster 4 recognized atopic patients with mild airflow limitation,elevated serum IgE and clinical features of asthma.Significant differences were revealed regarding pre-salbutamol FEV1/FVC％,pre-salbutamol FEV1％ pred,postsalbutamol change in FEV1 ％,maximal mid-expiratory flow curve (MMEF)％ pred,carbon monoxide diffusing capacity per liter of alveolar(DLCO)/(VA)％ pred,residual volume(RV)％ pred,total serum IgE level,smoking history (pack-years),St.George' s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) score,acute exacerbation in the past one year,PEF variability and allergic dermatitis (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Four clusters were also identified by two-step cluster analysis as followings,cluster 1,COPD patients with moderate to severe airflow limitation;cluster 2,asthma and COPD patients with heavy smoking,airflow limitation and increased airways reversibility;cluster 3,patients having less smoking and normal pulmonary function with wheezing but no chronic cough;cluster 4,chronic bronchitis patients with normal pulmonary function and chronic cough.Significant differences were revealed regarding gender distribution,respiratory symptoms,pre-salbutamol FEV1/FVC％,pre-salbutamol FEV1 ％ pred,post-salbutamol change in FEV1 ％,MMEF％ pred,DLCO/VA％ pred,RV％ pred,PEF variability,total serum IgE level,cumulative tobacco cigarette consumption (pack-years),and SGRQ score (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion By different cluster analyses,distinct clinical phenotypes of chronic airway diseases are identified.Thus,individualized treatments may guide doctors to provide based on different phenotypes.

Objective To explore the clinical phenotype of airways disease in elderly patients using hierarchical cluster analysis.Methods A total of 67 elderly patients with respiratory symptoms were enrolled in a prospective study.Demographic and clinical data,such as respiratory symptoms,cumulative tobacco cigarette consumption,acute exacerbation,atopic symptoms and peak flow diary were collected.Pulmonary function tests,blood tests (total serum IgE level and blood eosinophil level) were performed in each patient during the stable stage.Then patients with different clinical phenotype were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis.Results Four clusters were identified with the following characteristics by hierarchical cluster analysis:cluster 1,atopic patients with no smoking,normal lung function,but increased total serum IgE levels and asthma symptom;cluster 2,patients with no smoking and normal pulmonary function with wheezing but without chronic cough;cluster 3,patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and smoking,severe airflow limitation and poor quality of life;cluster 4,patients with asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome and smoking,airflow limitation and increased total serum IgE levels.The forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) / forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio,FEV1/predicted value,rate of FEV1 change,maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF)/ predicted value,the diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)/alveolar volume (VA)/predicted value,residual volume (RV)/ predicted value,total serum Ig E levels,cumulative tobacco cigarette consumption,the St.George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score had significant differences in patients before versus after treatment (all P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusions Based on hierarchical cluster analysis,distinct clinical phenotypes of airways disease in elderly patients can be identified.Conclusions With patients having asthma or COPD alone,patients with Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) always experience a more rapid decline in lung function and frequent exacerbations,having poor health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) outcomes,which deserve our high attention.

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of cell cycle positive regulators cyclin D(1), cyclin E, CDK(2), CDK(4) and negative regulators p21(cip1), p27(kip1), p16(ink4a) and p15(ink4b) during wound healing in rats.

METHODSOpen wounds of full-thickness skin, diameter 1.8 cm, on rat backs were used as the wound model. Wound tissues were harvested on postwounding days 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 21 and 30. Ki67 expression in granulation tissue was detected by immunohistochemical assay. The patterns of the expression of cyclin D(1), cyclin E, CDK(2), CDK(4) and p21(cip1), p27(kip1), p16(ink4a), p15(ink4b) were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCell proliferation in granulation tissue took place predominantly within the first week after injury, with the proliferation peak occurring at postwounding day 5. There were no dramatic variations in the expression of cyclin D(1), CDK(2) and CDK(4) during wound healing. Up-regulated cyclin E was maintained from day 3 to 11 after injury, and then was down-regulated. No expression of p16(ink4a) and p15(ink4b) was found. p21(cip1) was expressed only from day 7 to 14, with peak expression observed on day 9. Constitutive p27(kip1) was expressed throughout wound healing with low levels in the proliferating period of day 3 to 5 and with increased levels in the post-mitotic and remodeling stage. The expression of p21(cip1) and p27(kip1) showed an inverse gradient to that of Ki67.

CONCLUSIONp21(cip1) and p27(kip1) play a supervising role in preventing the hyperproliferative tendency in tissue repair.

Animals ; Cell Cycle ; physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; biosynthesis ; physiology ; Cell Division ; physiology ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; biosynthesis ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; biosynthesis ; Cyclins ; biosynthesis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Skin ; cytology ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; biosynthesis ; physiology ; Wound Healing

Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Smoke/adverse effects* ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution