Probiotics as intestinal flora regulators are increasingly applied in clinical practice;however,the administration of probiotics in immunocompromised individuals is rarely reported.This article is aimed to review the benefits and risks of probiotics in immunocompromised individuals,such as HIV-infected individuals and patients with malignant tumors.The research evidence shows that probiotics can reduce the occurrence of different types of diarrhea,regulate the intestinal immune status and decrease the incidence of complications in immunocompromised patients.Randomized controlled clinical trials have shown that the risk of adverse events is not significantly increased in immunocompromised patients compared to those with intact immune status and the probiotics-related infections are only presented in case reports.

Objective To investigate the anticancer efficacy of dihydromyricetin (DMY)in gastric cancer cells SGC7901. Methods The DMY was puritied using RP-HPLC was almost 98%.The cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 Assay.The cell ap-optosis was assessed by flow cytometry.Using ultrasonic extraction with neutral water and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography,DMY was purified from rattan tea.Results By using RP-HPLC,the purified DMY is almost 99%.DMY inhibi-ted the growth of tumor cells in the low concentration(≤ 1 mmol)with a dose-dependent manner(P <0.05 ).Further study on DMY showed that it induced apoptosis in SGC7901 cell line with a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion DMY is a potential thera-peutic agent for gastric cancer.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Tanreqing injections combined with azithromycin in the treatment of children bronchial pneumonia. Methods:Totally 56 cases of pediatric bronchial pneumonia were selected in our hospital from September 2012 to September 2013 and randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 28 cases in each. The control group was with azithromycin treatment, and the observation group was with Tanreqing injections additionally. The effect and adverse reactions of the two groups were studied and compared. Results:In the observation group, the effective rate was 92. 9%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0. 05). The hospitalization time and the symptoms disappearance time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0. 05). The adverse reactions showed no significant difference be-tween the two groups. Conclusion:Tanreqing injections in the treatment of children bronchial pneumonia is rapid, effective and safe.

Objective:To share a drug treatment experience for multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the pharmaceutical care participated by clinical pharmacist for one case of intervertebral space infection with multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out.Results:Pharmacists participated in the whole treatment process,made the combined antimicrobial regimen (fosfomycin + ceftazidime + ciprofloxacin),and adjusted the time sequence.As a result,satisfactory curative effect was obtained.Conclusion:The infection with multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be treated with the three-drug therapy.Clinical pharmacists can play a positive role in the treatment of complicated infections.

As an important component of multi-physiological-parameter tele-monitoring system, database system is characterized by its large capacity, complex data type and being realtime. According to the design flow of the database, this paper develops a multi-physiological parameter network database with EER concept model and distributed database technology.

Objective To establish the qualitative and quantitative detective methods of Fuyang granules.Methods The TLC methods for identification of Fructus kochiae and Herba solani lyrati were established.A simple HPLC was established for the determination of hydroxysafflor A(HYSA).The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile-0.7% phosphoric acid(24:6:70).UV detecting wavelength was at 403 nm.Results Fructus kochiae and Herba solani lyrati could be identified by TLC.HYSA showed a linear relationship at the concentration range of 0.128～1.024 ?g,r =0.999 8.The average recovery was 99.52% and RSD= 1.97%(n = 5).Conclusion The method can be used for qualitative identification and quantization determination of Fuyang granules.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the onset of lower extremity venous thrombotic disease and seasons.Methods A retrospective study was conducted, 300 patients with lower extremity venous thrombotic disease admitted to HandanCity Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) from August 2012 to February 2014 were enrolled, the incidences and TCM syndromes of patients with lower extremity venous thrombotic disease in different seasons were observed, and the pathogenesis and relationships between the types of TCM syndrome and seasons were analyzed.Results There were 142 patients with lower extremity superficial thrombophlebitis, and 158 cases with lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, the incidence of lower extremity venous thrombotic disease in spring was significantly higher than that in summer and autumn [32.8% (86/262) vs. 21.3% (54/254), 18.4% (50/272), bothP < 0.01], but lower than that in winter [32.8% (86/262) vs. 37.2% (110/296)], the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.01); while the incidence of lower extremity venous thrombotic disease in winter was significant higher than those in summer and autumn (allP < 0.01). The incidences of damp and heat downward flow type in autumn and summer were increased compared with those in winter and spring [55.6% (30/54), 60.0% (30/50) vs. 20.0% (22/110), 23.3% (20/86), allP < 0.01], while the incidences of lower extremity venous thrombotic disease with damp heat and stasis syndrome in winter and spring were increased compared with those in summer and autumn seasons [80.0% (88/110), 76.7% (66/86) vs. 44.4% (24/54), 40.0% (20/50)].Conclusions The incidence of lower extremity venous thrombotic disease is related to seasons, and the onset is high in winter and spring, damp heat and stasis syndrome being the main type; according to different seasons, clinical treatment can direct to different pathogenic factors to adopt different preventive measures interfering with the patient's constitution in order to eliminate or reduce the risk factors, achieving the effect of the disease prevention.

Objective To generate a prokaryotic expression system of Salmonella paratyphi A nmpC gene that encoding an outer membrane protein(OMP),and to determine immunogenicity and immonuprotection of the recombinant expressed product rNmpC and carrying and expression frequencies of the nmpC genes in isolates of S.paratyphi A.Methods A nmpC gene clone was obtained from a clinical S.paratyphi A strain JH01 by PCR and T-A cloning method,and then a prokaryotic expression system of the gene clone was generated.SDS-PAGE and Bio-Rad Agarose Image Pattern Analysis System were applied to examine the expression and yield of rNmpC.Antigenicity and immunoreactivity of rNmpC were determined by immunodiffusion test,Western blot assay and micro-Widal's test.The carrying and expression rates of nmpC genes in 98 S.paratyphi A isolates were detected by PCR and ELISA.By a mouse infection model,the immunoprotective effect of rNmpC against the lethal challenge of S.paratyphi A was determined.Results All the cloned nmpC genes had 100% nucleotide and putative amino acid sequence identities compared to the reported sequencing data.The expression yield of rNmpC was approximately 30% of the total bacterial proteins.rNmpC could efficiently induce rabbits to produce specific antibody and present positive Western hybridization signals with S.paratyphi A antiserum.All the tested S.paratyphi A strains have nmpC gene as well as express NmpC protein,but no nmpC gene could be detectable in S.typhi,S paratyphi B and S paratyphi C.Immunization with 100 μg and 200 μg rNmpC contributed 41.7%(5/12) and 66.7%(8/12) immunoprotective rates in mice,respectively.The sera from rNmpC immunized mice and survival mice in the NmpC is an unique OMP antigen of S.paratyphi A with conserved sequence,extensive distribution and natural expression.This OMP can be used as one the candidate antigens for developing multiple-valence genetic engineering vaccine of S.paratyphi A based on its fine immunogenicity and certain immunoprotection.

The O152 antigens of Escherichia coli contains a Glc-β-1,3-GlcNAc linkage within the repeating unit. The wfgD gene in E. coli O152 O antigen gene cluster had been demonstrated utilizing NMR technique to encode a glucosyltransferase which is responsible for the synthesis of Glc-β-1,3-GlcNAc linkage. In this study, a synthetic substrate analog of the natural acceptor substrate undecaprenol-pyrophosphate-lipid [GlcNAc-α-PO_3-PO_3-(CH_2)_(11))-O-phenyl]) was used as an acceptor and UDP-Glc as a donor substrate, and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(ESI-MS-MS) was used for the detailed structural characte-)rization) of the enzyme product. A systematic study was conducted on product to allow rationalization of the fragmentation) processes. The major fragments observed in the ESI-MS-MS spectra result from cleavage of glycosidic) bond and diphosphate moiety. The fragment originating from the nonreducing end of the product yields information on sequence). Cross-ring cleavages, which are very informative of the linkages of the monosaccharide residues constituting) the product, and "internal" cleavage ions which are derived from elimination of substituents from around) the pyranose ring, were also observed. This extensive fragmentation was shown that the expected Glc-β-1,3-GlcNAc linkage in the product, confirming that wfgD is in the form of UDP-Glc: GlcNAc-pyrophosphate-lipid β-1,3-glucosyltransferase.)

Objective To investigate Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) protein expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma,and to evaluate the relationship between TLR4 protein expression and angiogenesis.Methods Sixty-two surgically resected human pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens and 35 normal para-cancerous tissues were investigated for TLR4 protein expression by immunohistochemical SP methods,and CD31 antibody was used to mark microvascular endothelial cells and determine the microvessel density (MVD).The correlation among TLR4 protein expression and MVD and clinicopathologic features of pancreatic adenocarcinoma were analyzed.Results TLR4 protein positive expression rate and MVD in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma was 74.2％ (46/62) and 47.3 ± 13.5,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the normal pancreatic tissue [17.1％ (6/35),12.6 ±4.8; P ＜0.01].TLR4 protein positive expression rate in the cases with lymph node metastasis was 83.8％,which was significantly higher than that in the cases without lymph node metastasis (60.0％,P =0.036).TLR4 protein positive expression rate in the patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ of TNM classification was 85.3％,which was significantly higher than that in the patients with stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (60.7％,P=0.028).MVD was closely related to tumor size,lymph node metastasis and TNM stage of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (P =0.008,0.036,0.010).There was a strong positive correlation between TLR4 protein expression and MVD (r =0.534,P ＜0.01 ).Conclusions TLR4 protein expression is closely related to the development and progression of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its potential mechanism is related to the promotion of tumor angiogenesis.