Objective To investigate the application value of CEUS combined with biopsy in qualitative diagnosis of pe ripheral pulmonary lesions.Methods A total of 158 patients with peripheral pulmonary lesions underwent percutaneous puncture biopsy.Among them,97 cases underwent CEUS before biopsy (experiment group),and 61 cases underwent conventional ultrasound (control group).Puncture times,positive rate of samples pathological diagnosis and occurrence rate of complications were compared between the two groups.The time intensity curve (TIC) was used to obtain the rise time (RT),time to peak (TTP),wash-in slope (WIS) and peak intensity (PI).The parameters of TIC between the two groups were compared.The enhanced morphology of lesions was also observed and recorded.Results The positive rate of samples pathological diagnosis was 94.85 ％ (92/97) in experiment group and 83.61％ (51/61) in control group.The difference of the positive rate was significant between the two groups (P=0.02).In experiment and control group,the average puncture times were 2.11±0.48 and 2.20±0.44;While the occurrence rate of complications were 2.06％ (2/97) and 4.91％ (3/61).No significant difference was found of the average puncture times and the occurrence rate of complications between the two groups (both P＞0.05).While the statistical differences of RT,PI and WIS were found between benign and malignant lesions (all P＜0.05) in experiment group.And no statistical difference of TTP was found (P =0.08).Totally 77.50％ (31/40) of the benign lesions showed inhomogeneous enhancement,while the proportion was 88.46％ (46/52) in malignant lesions.There was no statistical difference of enhanced morphology between benign and malignant lesions (P=0.16).Conclusion CEUS is helpful in distinguishing benign and malignant peripheral pulmonary lesions.And it has great value in guiding percutaneous biopsy in peripheral pulmonary lesions.

AIM: To explore the role of basic-fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the development of pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia. METHODS: 1) The pulmonary arteries of SD rats with hypoxia for one and two weeks were isolated, from which the total RNA were extracted by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chlorform .Then the levels of mRNA were measured by RT-PCR. 2) About 3mm-long arterial rings cut from SD rat pulmonary arterial stem were suspended between stainless steelhooks in chamber with warmed (37℃) Kreb's solution. Different concentrations of bFGF were added in a cumulative fashion into the chamber where the rings were suspended. The cumulative concentration response curve was obtained. RESULTS: 1)The levels of bFGF mRNA in pulmonary artery of rats with hypoxia were increased significantly compared with those that without hypoxia (2578?384 counts?min -1 (control) vs 5303?756 (hypoxia) for 1 week and 4054?547 (hypoxia) for 2 weeks, P all

Objective To study the effect of paeonol (PAE) and panax notoginseny saponins (PNS) on the expressions of collagenⅠandⅢprotein and mRNA in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to explore the molecular mecha?nism of improving myocardial fibrosis. Methods The rat model of AMI was made using the left anterior descending coro?nary branch ligation.According to the intervention rats were divided into model group, PAE (8 mg/kg) group, PNS (40 mg/kg) group, PAE (4 mg/kg)+PNS (20 mg/kg) group, PAE (8 mg/kg)+PNS (40 mg/kg) group and captopril positive control group (10 mg/kg). Sham operation group, only wear line without ligation. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was detected after treatment for 28 d. Masson staining was used to observe changes of myocardial fibrosis. Western blot assay and RT-PCR technique were used to detect protein and mRNA expression levels of collagenⅠandⅢ. Results The values of LVMI were increased in model group compared with those of sham operation group and treatment groups. Compared with PAE group and PNS group, values of LVMI were significantly decreased in PAE (4 mg/kg)+PNS (20 mg/kg) group and PAE (8 mg/kg)+PNS (40 mg/kg) group. There was a more significant decrease in formula high dose group (P < 0.01). The model group showed pathological change. There were different degrees of improvement in pathological structure in all treatment groups, more sig?nificant improvement was found in formula low dose group, formula high dose group and captopril positive control group. There were different degrees of increase in expressions of collagenⅠandⅢprotein and mRNA in model group compared with those of sham operation group and treatment groups. Compared with PAE group and PNS group, the protein and mRNA expression levels of collagenⅠandⅢwere significantly decreased in formula low dose group and formula high dose group,more significant decreased was found in formula high dose group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compound of paeonol and PNS can improve myocardial fibrosis in myocardial infarction rats, which may be related with reduced expressions of collagenⅠandⅢprotein and mRNA.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of CEUS for thyroid TI-RADS 3,4 nodules.Methods The CEUS performence of 95 patients with thyroid TI-RADS 3,4 nodules (all were confirmed by surgery pathology) diagosed by conventional ultrasound were reviewed retrospectively,and the value of CEUS in the revision and differential diagnosis of thyroid TI-RADS 3,4 nodules were analyzed.Results Compared with pathological pattern,conventional ultrasound TI-RADS classifications in assessing the property of thyroid nodule had no statistical differences (χ2 =3.56,P =0.06).For thyroid TI-RADS 3,4 nodules,compared with conventional ultrasound TI-RADS classifications,the diagnosis accuracy of CEUS score and revised CEUS TI-RADS classifications showed significant differeces respectively (P=0.03,＜0.01) for thyroid papillary carcinoma greater than 1 cm.But no statistical difference were found respectively (P=0.25,1.00) for thyroid papillary carcinoma smaller than 1 cm.According to the ROC curve analysis,the area under the curve of traditional ultrasound TI-RADS classifications,CEUS score and revised CEUS TI-RADS classifications were 0.64,0.75,0.81 respectively,cut-off value was TI-RADS 4a,1 score,TI-RADS 4a respectively,the sensitivity and specificity of evaluating benign and malignant nodules was 45.3％ and 80.0％,69.3％ and 65.0％,82.7％ and 60.0％,respectively.The area under the ROC curve were statistical difference between CEUS score,revised CEUS TI-RADS classifications and conventional ultrasound TI-RADS classifications (both P＜0.05),while CEUS score and revised CEUS TI-RADS classifications without statistical difference.Conclusion CEUS had the revised and improved identification value for thyroid TI-RADS 3,4 nodules.

0.05). In the end of the first year of follow-up, disappearance of FVPC was significantly less in control group (37.8%) than that in treatment group (60.0%), P

Objective To investigate the effect of hypertension and hyperuricemia (HUA) on renal function.Method Total 1 209 subjects undergoing health check up from December 2000 to December 2002 and 45 patients with renal disorders were enrolled in the study.The blood pressure,height,weight,renal function and liver function were measured; and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated.The GFR in patients with hypertension,HUA and hypertension with HUA was compared.Results The incidence of hypertension in HUA group and non-HUA was 23.9％ (58/243) and 13.9％ (134/966),respectively (x2 =14.52,P =0.000).GFR in HUA with hypertension,HUA and hypertension groups were (69.1 ± 30.5),(82.8 ± 25.3) and (90.1 ± 21.7) ml · min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for GFR were UA,systolic pressure and age.After 5 years of follow up,GFR in hypertension group was significantly decreased from (90.7 ± 18.1) to (85.6 ± 17.6)ml·min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1m,in HUA group from (86.3±10.9) to(62.1 ±8.2) and inHUAwith hypertension group from (77.9 ± 18.9) to (49.3 ±9.8) ml · min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1,UA and age were the long-term factors that affect GFR (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Both hyperuricemia and hypertension can impair the kidney function,if hypertension is complicated with hyperurecemia the effect is more marked.

Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is the ectopic lymphoid tissue around the chronic inflammatory site of tumor, infection diseases, autoimmunity diseases, organ transplantation and so on. TLS is regarded as the vital niche of antitumor immune response in tumor microenvironment for abundant immune cells, and is correlated with better clinical outcomes and immunotherapy response in most solid tumors. As a typical inflammation-driven cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial with the influence of TLS on patients prognosis. In this paper, the composition, formation mechanism, recognition and clinical value of TLS in HCC were briefly reviewed.

Objective To explore the value of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions,and to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of CEUS combined with tumor markers peripheral lung cancer.Methods According to the pathological results,105 patients with 105 peripheral pulmonary lesions were divided into benign (50 cases) and malignant group (55 cases).Before CEUS examination,lesions' location,size,shape and internal echogenicities were recorded by twodimensional (2D) ultrasound.After contrast agent injection,arrive time (AT) in the lesion,difference of AT between the lesion and lung (tAT),and lesions' enhanced morphology were observed.The time intensity curve (TIC) was used to obtain the rise time (RT),mean transit time (MTT),time from peak to one half of peak(TPH),time to peak (TTP),peak intensity (PI) and wash-in slope (WIS).The parameters of TIC between the two groups were compared.Serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA),neuron specific enolase (NSE) and cyrokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1) level were detected and analyzed between the two groups.Results Lesions' shape and intralesional bronchial syndrome had significant difference in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary benign and malignant lesions (P ＜0.01).In benign group,27 lesions (54.00％,27/50) were enhanced in late pulmonary arterial phase and 32 lesions(64.00％,32/50) showed homogeneous enhancement.At the meantime,in malignant group,most of lesions (76.36％,42/55) were enhanced in bronchial arterial phase and 36.00％ (18/50) of lesions indicated inhomogeneous enhancement.The difference of enhanced phase and morphology between benign and malignant lesions were significant (all P ＜0.05).While the statistical differences of such quantitative parameters AT,tAT,RT,TTP,PI and WIS,except to MTT and TPH were found between benign and malignant lesions (all P ＜0.05) in experiment group.In the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer,the accuracy and specificity of tAT combined with joint detection of 3 kinds of tumor markers were 76.37％ and 75.00％,respectively,and higher than any single detection,but the sensitivity was a little lower (76.47％).Conclusions CEUS quantitative analysis has certain value in the diagnosis of benign and malignant peripheral lung lesions,and combined with tumor markers can improve the diagnostic efficiency of peripheral lung cancer.

Objective To explore the value of craniocerebral ultrasonography in evaluation on neonatal brain development.Methods Totally 135 newborns were collected in neonatal intensive care unit.The sagittal length of the corpus callosum and the sagittal length of the cerebellar vermis were measured on the day of birth.The impact of gestational age and birth weight on the development of the corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis were analyzed.Results The mean sagittal length of corpus callosum at birth in premature infants and term infants was (39.18 ± 2.53) mm and (41.62 ± 3.28) mm,respectively (t =4.87,P＜0.05).The sagittal length of cerebellar vermis in premature infants and term infants was (19.03 ±2.00)mm and (20.91 ±2.29)mm,respectively (t=5.05,P＜0.05).The length of the corpus callosum was positively correlated with gestational age and birth weight (rs =0.45,0.51,both P ＜ 0.05),while the sagittal length of cerebellar vermis was positively correlated with gestational age and birth weight (rs =0.42,0.46,both P＜0.05).The length of the corpus callosum was positively correlated with the length of cerebellar vermis (rs =0.43,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Craniocerebral ultrasonography can be used to dynamically observe the neonatal intracranial structure and the development of corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis,therefore providing reliable references for clinical intervention.

OBJECTIVETo study pathological and therapeutical problems concerning myocardial cell mitochondria changes during myocardial cell hypertrophy by culturing rat primary myocardial cells.

METHODPrimary myocardial cells were seperated and cultured together with angiotensin II (Ang II) for 72 or 96 hours. The total protein content with the BCA method and the photography and measurement of cell diameter with inverted microscope reflected myocardial cell proliferation. The mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi m) with fluorescence microscope, the mitochondrial single amine oxidase (MAO) activity with spectrophotometer, the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity and the injury percentage of mitochondrial outer membrane with microplate reader and the contents of ATP, ADP, AMP with high performance liquid chromatography reflected the injury and energy metabolism of myocardial cell mitochondrial structure and function when being cultured together with Ang II. On that basis, cells were treated with Astragali Radix injection and valsartan for observing pharmacological effects on mitochondrial structure and function in restructured myocardial cells.

RESULTIn 72 h and 96 h, compare with the control group, the model group showed significantly increased total protein content and enlarged myocardial cell diameter. During the course of proliferation, the myocardial cell MAO activity and the injury percentage of mitochondrial outer membrane were significantly increased, with significant decrease in mitochondrial COX activity, mitochondrial Delta Psi m and the content of ATP, ADP and rise in the content of AMP. Astragali Radix injection and valsartan reduced myocardial cell total protein content and cell diameter caused by Ang II, decreased myocardial cell MAO activity, significantly increased mitochondrial COX activity and the content of ATP and ADP, and decreased the content of AMP.

CONCLUSIONDuring the process of myocardial hypertrophy, the injury of mitochondrial structure and function and the changes in myocardial cell energy metabolism injury occurred after the injury of mitochondria. Astragali Radix injection and valsartan can reverse myocardial cell mitochondrial structure and function during myocardial cell hypertrophy caused by Ang II. Reversion of myocardial cell hypertrophy and restructuring of myocardial cells helps improve energy metabolism of the myocardial cells.

Animals ; Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hypertrophy ; drug therapy ; Injections ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Mitochondria, Heart ; drug effects ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley