Objective To understand the correlation between health beliefs and family environment of stroke patients. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out on 115 stroke patients with the first onset of stroke by using the special health belief simple table (SF-HBMS) and the family environment scale (Chinese version FES-CV), and the correlation was analyzed. The scores of each subscale of the family environment were compared with the domestic norm. Results The total score of health belief (75.15 ± 10.20) was at the middle level. There were significant differences in age (F=8.41), education level (F=4.44), complications (F=4.05), family history (t=2.68) and first visit time (F=3.76) among different characteristics of health belief scores (P < 0.01 or 0.05). The score of intimacy (6.23 ± 1.27) in family environment, emotional expression score (5.30 ± 1.97), success score (5.88 ±1.62), cultural score (4.54 ± 2.20) and organizational score (5.60 ±1.67) were all lower than the domestic norm and spear. The score of shield score (3.16 ± 2.00) was higher than that of domestic norm (P<0.01 or 0.05), and the total score of health belief was positively correlated with family intimacy (r=0.190), emotional expression (r=0.204), culture (r=0.206) and tissue (r=0.227) (P<0.05), and was negatively correlated with the contradiction (r=-0.186, P<0.05); regression analysis, whether there were family history (β=0.338, P<0.01), first onset time (β=0.242, P<0.01), family intimacy (β=1.614, P<0.05), emotional expression (β=1.114, P<0.05) were the factors affecting the health belief level of first stroke patients. Conclusions The level of health belief is closely related to family environment. It is suggested that the clinical medical staff should pay attention to the negative emotion and family psychological intervention, provide psychological support for the patients and their families, promote the promotion of their health beliefs, and reduce the rate of recurrence and disability.