Objective To set up a HPLC method for the determination of the contents of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in Kangliu pills.Methods It was performed on Kromasil C18(4.6 mm?150 mm,5 ?m),and the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid with gradient elution system.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,the detective wavelength was 203 nm,injection volume was 10 ?L and the column temperature was 30 ℃.Results The liner range of notoginsenoside R1 was 82.8～621 ?g(r=0.999 9) and the average recovery was 100.057%(RSD=0.399 6%).The liner range of ginsenoside Rg1 was 109.8～ 823.5 ?g(r =0.999 6) and the average recovery was 99.248%(RSD=1.004 6%).The liner range of ginsenoside Rb1 was 112.6～844.5 ?g(r=0.999 9) and the average recovery was 99.812%(RSD=1.474 4%).Conclusion The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and suitable for the content determination of notoginsenoside R1,ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in Kangliu pills.

The chiral separation of three triazole pesticides, i.e. diniconazole, triadimefon and triadimenol was studied on a Chiralcel OJ-H and a Chiralcel OD-H HPLC chiral columns. The optical rotation quality of diniconazole and triadimefon enantiomers was measured and the absolute configurations of individual enan-)tiomers) were further concluded. On this basis, the absolute configurations of the four triadimenol stereoisomers were deduced via the reductive experiment of triadimefon to triadimenol. Furthermore, the chiral stability of the three triazole pesticides in organic solvents and buffer solutions was investigated. The results showed the obvious enantiomerization was observed as for triadimefon in methanol, ethanol and water, whereas dinicona-)zole) and triadimefon were chiral stable in organic solvents and water. The enantiomerization of triadimefon would be accelerated at higher temperature and in alkaline media.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of continuous elastic outside distraction on female minipig nipples and their supporting tissues,and to investigate its mechanism to correct inverted nipples.MethodsThree female 3-month-old minipigs with 12 nipples were employed.4 nipples of each minipig were remained without distraction as control group,and the other 8 nipples were continuously distracted with inverted nipple correction instruments.Corresponding nipples were excised at 2,4,8 and 12 weeks after traction.Before excision,the diameters and heights of nipples were measured with a vernier caliper.Then the excised nipple specimens were employed for HE staining to observe the change of their tissue structure and the number counting of capillaries.ResultsThe volumes of nipples all obviously increased after traction,as compared with control group,and diameters and heights of nipples were significantly different (P＜0.01).In addition,there was a trend that nipple height increased with traction time.Under light microscope,the traction group showed that epidermis thickened,basal cells,fibroblasts and capillary significantly proliferated.Capillary counts compared with the control group were significantly different (P＜0.01).ConclusionsContinuous elastic outside distraction can promote the proliferation of female minipig nipple and areola papillaris.

Objective To explore the effect of elastic outside distraction on microvessel density and to illustrate the mechanism correcting inverted nipples. Methods Three female 3-month-old minipigs,with 12 nipples each,were employed.4 nipples of each minipig were remained without distraction were control group,and the other 8 nipples were continuously distracted with inverted nipple correction instruments.Corresponding nipples were excised at 2,4,8 and 12 weeks after traction.The excised nipple specimens were employed with immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of vascular endothelial cells growth factor (VEGF) and CD34 in those tissues,and the percentageof positive cells and microvessel density (MVD) changes were counted.Results The expression of CD34 and VEGF in the experimental groups increased at 2 weeks after tracted,and reached at the peak at 4 weeks,then gradually decreased during 8 to 12 weeks after tracted.While those were weakly positive in control group.Compared with the control group,the integral optical density of VEGF-positive cells and MVD were significantly different (P＜0.01),and there was a significantly positive correlation between MVD and VEGF.Conclusions Continuous elastic outside distraction can promote the expression of VEGF and CD34 in female minipig nipple and enhance angiogenesis,which increases oxygen supply locally,and therefore those local tissue proliferation may be one of key mechanisms of correcting the inverted nipple by continuous elastic outside distraction.

As a clean energy source and industrial material, hydrogen is very valuable. Electrolysis of water and chemical methods are well-known for producing hydrogen, however, all of these methods need additional energy supply. Besides highly energy cost, the chemical methods will lead to serious environment pollution. Compared with traditional methods, biological production of hydrogen has showed significant advantages. Bio-hydrogen can be produced by anaerobic and photosynthetic microorganisms during treatment of organic waste. It provides a low cost method for producing hydrogen gas, and a way of utilizing waste at the same time. This paper summarized the procedures of treatment of solid waste and the production of bio-hydrogen.
Bioelectric Energy Sources ; Biotransformation ; Hydrogen ; metabolism ; Refuse Disposal ; methods

Objective:To investigate the relationship of the acute radiation reactions of totalbody irradiation before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with the different total and fractionated doses of irradiation.Methods:The clinical data of 48 patients who underwent 6 MV X-ray total body irradiation pretreatment from May 2015 to December 2019 in Shijiazhuang Ping'an Hospital before undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 8 Gy group (12 cases), 10 Gy group (31 cases) and 12 Gy group (5 cases) according to the total radiation dose, and divided into 4 Gy/f group (17 cases) and 5 Gy/f group (31 cases) according to the fractionated radiation dose. Acute radiation reactions in the oral mucosa, pharynx, salivary glands, upper gastrointestinal tract, lower gastrointestinal tract and lung of patients in each group after radiotherapy were summarized and compared.Results:Acute pharyngeal reaction in the total radiation dose of 8 Gy group showed that 11 cases (91.7%) were grade 0 and 1 case (8.3%) was grade 1; in the total radiation dose of 10 Gy group, 10 cases (32.3%) were grade 0, 13 cases (41.9%) were grade 1, 4 cases (12.9%) were grade 2, 3 cases (9.7%) were grade 3, and 1 case (3.2%) was grade 4; in the total radiation dose of 12 Gy group, 2 cases (40.0%) were grade 0, 1 case (20.0%) was grade 1, 1 case (20.0%) was grade 2, and 1 case (20.0%) was grade 3. The severity of acute pharyngeal radiation reaction in the total radiation dose of 8 Gy group was better than that in the 10 Gy and 12 Gy groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 11.338, P = 0.003); there was no significant difference in the incidence of acute radiation reactions in other parts (all P > 0.05). Acute pharyngeal radiation reaction in the fractionated radiation dose of 4 Gy/f group showed that 13 cases (76.5%) were grade 0, 2 case (11.8%) was grade 1, 1 case (5.9%) was grade 2, and 1 case (5.9%) was grade 3; in the 5 Gy/f group, 10 cases (32.3%) were grade 0, 13 cases (41.9%) were grade 1, 4 cases (12.9%) were grade 2, 3 cases (9.7%) were grade 3, and 1 case (3.2%) was grade 4. The severity of acute pharyngeal radiation reaction in the fractionated radiation dose 4 Gy/f group was better than that in the 5 Gy/f group, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = -2.606, P = 0.009); there was no significant difference in the incidence of acute radiation reactions in other parts (all P > 0.05). Conclusion:The total dose of 8 Gy and fractionated dose of 4 Gy/f in the total body irradiation before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can alleviate the acute pharyngeal radiation reaction.