Objective To preliminarily discuss the technical points and clinical efficacy of the pressure cooker technique (PCT)for embolization of intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Methods From April 2015 to May 2015,7 patients with AVM were treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Deji Hospital. The AVMs of 2 patients were embolized with PCT. (both were Spetzler-Martin gradeⅡ). A sonic and an echelon microcatheter were implanted side by side into the same blood supply artery of an AVM. A coil + α-isobutyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA)plug was formed between the sonic microcatheter tip and the detachable point through the echelon microcatheter in order to prevent Onyx reflux when the glue was injected into a nidus via a sonic microcatheter,achieving the embolization effect of sustained,rapid and high efficient. Results Two patients achieved complete embolization immediately. The symptoms of the patients improved or disappeared within 1 month. The whole brain DSA showed the AVM of one patient did not have recurrence at 4 month after embolization. Two patients did not have any complications or sequelae at the follow-up study. Conclusion PCT can improve the efficiency of embolization. It is suitable for small, medium,superficial,non-major functional area,less feeding artery AVMs,and AVMs with less blood flow in nidus. Its safety and clinical effect still need to be observed with more samples.

Based upon previous theoretical research, the author puts forward the characteris-tics of excellent teaching team of clinical psychology in universities. According to the situation and the problem of the talents cultivation of clinical psychology in medical university, such as the teachers has lesser skill in clinical psychology, the vague cultivation goal, the faulty curriculum setting and the in-sufficiency practice teaching, the methods improving the teachers' ability and exploring the model and the means of the talents cultivation of the clinical psychology are important during constructing teach-ing team of the clinical psychology.

As a transmembrane glycoprotein receptor family,integrin family mainly mediats cell-matrix interactions,participates in the function,through the unique bi-directional signal transduction pathways,played an important role in tissue repair process.The purpose of this article is to summarize the role of integrin family in the repair of tissue damage and sum up the current research progress.

Objective To find biological markers to predict the mathematical cognitive ability in order to set patients free from the pain and time-consuming behavioral tests. Methods 86 patients with stroke or brain traumatic injuries were recruited and acquired T1 and rest-ing-state functional MRI imaging data. And a mathematical task (7 calculation items, 2 counting items) and a word-reading task (140 items) was also finished. The partial correlative analysis was made between the score of mathematical task and the amplitude of low frequency fluc-tuation of each voxel of the whole brain with the word-reading performance as controlling task, and AlphaSim correction method was used with corrected P<0.05 (single voxel level:P<0.05;cluster size:>110 voxels). Results There were 5 cerebral regions whose amplitude of low frequency fluctuation significantly correlated with mathematical performance:left inferior parietal lobule (161 voxels, rpeak=0.34), left precu-neus/superior parietal lobule (141 voxels, rpeak=0.31), left middle temporal gyrus (359 voxels, rpeak=0.34), left middle frontal gyrus (491 vox-els, rpeak=0.36), and right middle frontal gyrus (156 voxels, rpeak=0.32). Conclusion The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation of left inferior parietal lobule, precuneus/superior parietal lobule, middle temporal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and right middle frontal gyrus could be used as predictors of mathematical cognitive ability for brain-damaged patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between the presentation of color knowledge and the motion knowledge. Methods39 patients with brain injury and 39 healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. They were tested with the color attribute judgment task and the motion attribute judgment task. Group analysis and case analysis were taken to investigate the correlation and dissociation between these two tasks. ResultsGroup analysis revealed a positive correlation between the color attribute judgment and the motion attribute judgment task. As for case analysis, 5 patients showed significantly better performance on color attribution judgment than motion attribution judgment. In contrast, another 5 patients showed significantly better performance on motion attribute judgment than color attribute judgment. ConclusionColor knowledge and motion knowledge are represented independently in the brain, which is consistent with the distributed semantic memory theory.

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between representations of verbal sound and non-verbal sound in the brain. Methods39 patients with brain injury and 39 healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. They were tested with the sound-verification task (a non-verbal sound test) and the sound attribute judgment task (a verbal sound test). The software developed by Crawford and Garthwaite was used for data analysis. ResultsGroup analysis revealed a positive correlation between the verbal sound test and non-verbal sound test. As for case analysis, some patients were impaired in the comprehension of verbal sound test, but normal in the comprehension of non-verbal sound test. In contrast, some patients were impaired in the comprehension of non-verbal sound test, but normal in the comprehension of verbal sound test. ConclusionVerbal sound and non-verbal sound are represented independently in the brain. In the process of language rehabilitation of aphasia, attention should not only be paid to verbal sound training, but also to non-verbal sound training.

Objective To establish the Cookie Theft Test for Chinese norms. Methods 29 normal participants and 17 patients with stroke finished the Cookie Theft Test. The language samples were analyzed in 7 different indexes which are incorrect statement (IS), dysfluencies (DF), providing structure support (PS), repetitions (RP), content units (CU), elaborations of content units (EC) and irrelevancies (IR). Besides, the total words of language samples were counted. The scores of normal participants in 8 indexes were regarded as norms. And the scores of patients in 8 indexes were used to test the validity of the norms. Results The test-retest reliability was r(IS)=0.92, r(DF)=0.89, r(PS)= 0.98, r(RP)=0.84, r(CU)=0.96, r(EC)=0.88 and r(IR)=0.99, respectively. 12 out of 17 patients were distinguished by the norms. Conclusion The norms of Cookie Theft have acceptable reliability and validity and can be applied to clinical diagnoses and scientific researches

Objective To detect the immune effect of FbaAmAb2 against the surface protein of group A Straptococcus (GAS),and explore the pathogenesis and therapy of GAS infections.Methods By subclonal and bacterial ELISA,the positive hybridoma cells were screened that can produce better titers of FbaAmAb2 against GAS-surface FbaA protein,and were injected into the peritoneal cavities of BALB/c mice to produce ascites.The collected ascites were performed to dilute,as follows,original ascite,1:2,1:4,1:8,and 1:16 to test tube agglutination.Based on the results,we selected appropriate dilution to passively immunize mice,and then challenged the mice with GAS,evaluating FbaAmAb2 neutralizing ability with GAS in mice by the survival rate of the immunized mice.Whether FbaAmAb2 could inhibit the binding of factor H to GAS was confirmed by the invasive inhibition assay.Results The IgG titer of bacteria solution ELISA is 1:160 and the titer of tube agglutination is 1∶8.The protect rates of FbaAmAb2 on preventing mice with GAS infections are as follows:66.67％ in original ascite and 1:2 diluted groups,and 50％ in 1:4 diluted group.Mice in each experimental group were evoked significantly protective immune responses compared with the PBS control by SPSS analysis.FbaAmAb2 can competitively inhibit factor H binding to the surface proteins FbaA of GAS,which decreased the entry of GAS into the cytoplasm of human epithelial cells through the binding of factor H.Conclusion FbaAmAb2 is promising to be used in emergent prevention or the clinical therapy for GAS infection and it is promising starting points for pharmacologic targeting and further development of new therapeutic agents for GAS.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of different dones of urapidil in preventing pituitrin-induced cardiovascular responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy.MethodsSixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 27-41 yr,weighing 55-65 kg,scheduled for elective laparoscopic myomectomy under general anesthesia,were randonly divided into 4 groups (n =15 each):control group (group C) and urapidil 0.3,0.5 and 0.8 mg/kg groups (groups U1-3).Urapidil 0.3,0.5 and 0.8 mg/kg were injected intravenously in U1-3 groups respectively,while normal saline 5 ml was given in group C.The mixture of pituitrin 6 U and normal saline 20 ml was injected into the site of hysteromyoma 5 min later.The operation was then started.BIS value was maintained at 45-55.The occurrence of cardiovascular responses was recorded.ResultsThe incidences of cardiovascular responses were 100％,67％,40％ and 20％ in groups C and U1-3 respectively.The incidence of cardiovascular responses was significantly lower in groups U1-3 than in group C,and in groups U2.3 than in group U1 ( P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no significant difference in the incidence of cordiovascular responses between U2 and U3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionUrapidil can prevent pituitrin-induced cardiovascular responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy and the optimal dose is 0.5 mg/kg.

BACKGROUND:Along with the widespread application of biodegradable materials in the field of medicine and the in-depth research of biomechanics,the drawbacks of traditional medical metal materials are increasingly appearing.In recent years,researchers at home and abroad focus on biodegradable materials that are represented by high molecular polymer to seek new breakthroughs in the field of spinal instability.OBJECTIVE:To investigate biomechanical changes of polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid (PLGA) lumbar interbody fusion cage in the body and discusses its feasibility for treating segmental instability of the spine.METHODS:Forty-two healthy pigs (9 months old) were randomly divided into two groups (n=21),and L4/5 intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus was removed in all animals.In experimental group,PLGA lumbar interbody fusion cage filled with broken bone was implanted;and in control group,autologous bone was implanted.X-ray was performed to observe the fusion of operation segments at 4,12 and 72 weeks postoperatively.Feasibility of fibrous fusion was measured by biomechanical test.Histologically,bone graft fusion at the surgical site and material degradation were detected.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Imaging examination:Bone graft fusion in two groups was not visible at 4 weeks after operation.Evidence of increasing fusion was found in the experimental group at 12 weeks after operation;a visible part of the bone bridge was found in the control group,in which there was one case of fusion.Degradation of the fusion cage with one case of fusion in experimental group was found after 72 weeks after operation,and two cases of fusion in the control group.(2) Biomechanical test:There was no difference in the spinal range of motion between the two groups in different states at 4 weeks after operation (P ＞ 0.05).The spinal range values of motion at most of the states at 72 weeks after operation were significantly lower than those at 4 weeks after operation.(3) Cell histology observation:With the passage of time,the materials in the experimental group degraded gradually;new bone grew slowly and then fast,with bone fusion step by step.Fusion results were similar in the two groups.Our experimental findings indicate that the PLGA lumbar fusion cage has good biocompatibility.In addition to the individual state (left flexion),the mechanical properties of the fusion cage are similar to that of autogenous bone,and the fusion cage enables the segmental reconstruction of the pig spine to the maximum extent.