Objective:To explore the application effects of the goal-oriented teaching method based on mind mapping in the teaching of stomatology practical courses.Methods:From September 2022 to September 2023, 52 fourth-year students of clinical stomatology at Harbin Medical University were divided into test group and control group for practical teaching, with 26 cases in each group. The test group received goal-oriented teaching based on mind mapping, while the control group received traditional teaching, for 20 class hours in both groups. The two groups were compared in terms of general data, theoretical and practical assessment scores, the score of the self-rating scale of self-directed learning (SRSSDL) and the score of critical thinking disposition inventory-Chinese version (CTDI-CV) before and after training, and student satisfaction with teaching activities. SPSS 25.0 software was used to perform the t-test or χ2 test. Results:After completing the practical training courses, the test group showed significantly higher scores than the control group in multiple-choice questions [(16.85±1.39) vs. (15.33±2.21)], fill-in-the-blank questions [(17.21±1.98) vs. (16.01±2.02)], short answer questions [(17.47±2.27) vs. (15.23±2.45)], case analysis [(34.36±2.79) vs. (32.57±3.02)], and practical assessment [(84.69±4.73) vs. (80.57±4.21)] (all P<0.05). The SRSSDL score and CTDI-CV score were improved in both groups, and were significantly higher in the test group [(215.29±10.42) and (357.49±17.80)] than in the control group [(200.23±11.42) and (342.23±17.26)] (both P<0.05). The students of the test group were significantly more satisfied with teaching activities than those of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the traditional teaching method, the goal-oriented teaching method based on mind mapping is more effective in stomatology practical teaching, which can improve students' self-directed learning ability and critical thinking ability, promote their mastery of theoretical knowledge, enhance their clinical practice ability, and increase their satisfaction with teaching activities.

Objective:To understand the willingness to accept peer-referral strategies for promoting HIV testing and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shijiazhuang.Methods:A total of 544 MSM were recruited using convenient sampling and sharing two-dimensional code of online questionnaire througth MSM social organizations in Shijiazhuang from August to September in 2018. The anonymous online survey were taken by login through the website "jinshuju.com" ( https://im.jinshuju.com/users/sign_in). The information collected included: the demographic and behavioral characteristics, the attitude to HIV testing for partners, and the willingness to accept peer-referral strategies for promoting HIV testing. The socio-demographic characteristics were analyzed by χ 2 test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the related factors associated with willingness. The SAS 9.4 software was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 521 MSM completed the survey. Among them 59.50% (310/521) were willing to advise their partners to receive HIV testing, and 90.02% (469/521) were willing to accept the partners' advice of HIV testing. Higher HIV testing frequency for once a year (a OR=2.72,95% CI:1.42-5.20); for once a half year (a OR=5.72, 95% CI:2.97-11.02); for ≥1 time a quarter (a OR=8.76,95% CI:4.56-16.83), enquiring their partners' HIV status (a OR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.15-3.28) and STD history of their partners (a OR=1.83, 95% CI:1.06-3.14) before having sex were the factors positively associated with the willingness to advise partners to receive HIV testing. Discussing HIV testing with partners (a OR=4.43,95% CI:1.87-10.54) was the factor positively associated with the desire to accept the advice of HIV testing from partners, but feeling emotional hurt by the suggestion of HIV testing (a OR=0.35,95% CI:0.15-0.82) was the factor negatively associated with the willingness to accept the advice of HIV testing from partners. Conclusion:To improve the willingess of MSM to advise their partners to receive HIV testing and strengthen self-protection awareness and equal communication skills are essential for the success of peer-referral strategies for promoting HIV testing among MSM.

Objective: To discuss the clinical effect of small dose of botulinum toxin injection in cricothyroid muscle and thyroarytenoid muscle on patients with incomplete bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis. Methods: Six patients were selected with Ⅰor Ⅱ or Ⅲ degree of dyspnea diagnosed as bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury by laryngeal electromyography, and small dose of botulinum toxin injection was performed in cricothyroid muscle and thyroarytenoid muscle as a treatment. Degree of dyspnea was assessed one month before and after the treatment, and the stroboscopic laryngoscope results, acoustic parameters and CT image of the patients were collected in the 6 patients. The relevant parameters were also collected one month before and after treatment, including the degree of dyspnea, stroboscopic laryngoscope results, acoustic parameters and CT image of the patients. The angle between bilateral vocal cords in stroboscopy at full inspiratory was calculated, acoustic parameters (F0, jitter, shimmer) were analysed, and vocal length, width and the vocal region were measured. Then, the paired t test was performed for statistical analysis between before and after one month injection, the one way analysis of variance was performed among vocal parameters in CT image. Result: Botulinum toxin injection was successfully completed in the 6 patients, followed without any serious complications. The degree of dyspnea was alleviated to some extent after treatment in all 6 patients; the angle between bilateral vocal cords at the end of a deep inspiration was significantly increased (t=2.44, P<0.05) after the treatment. The changes of F0 and jitter between before and after treatment were not statistically significant (t=0.72, t=1.42, P>0.05). Shimmer was significantly decreased after treatment (t=2.61, P<0.05). Vocal fold length, width and vocal region increased with F0, there was a statistically significant difference between different F0 before injection, and there was no statistically significant difference between different F0 after injection. The follow-up time was respectively seven months, 1 year, 1 year, 18 months, 22 months and 2 years respectively. Conclusion Small dose of botulinum toxin injection in bilateral cricothyroid muscles and thyroarytenoid muscles can relieve the dyspnea caused by bilateral vocal cords paresis to some extent, accompanied without serious complications, despite the sound quality was slightly worse.