Objects:To describe the distribution regularity of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in general population and analysis the characteristics of different social demography population through epidemiological investigation of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in general population.Methods:Using 21,948 cases large sample data of Chinese medical constitution cross-section survey from general population of nine provinces and municipalities(Jiangsu,Anhui,Gansu,Qinghai,Fujian,Beijing,Jilin,Jiangxi and He’nan),from December 2005 to January 2007.8,448 samples in accord with sample data from 1% nationwide population survey in 2005,which could representative the general population of China were randomly selected.Using the standardized Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ) to evaluation the scores of all kinds of Constitutional types(Gentleness type,Qi-defi ciency type,Yang-defi ciency type,Yin-defi ciency type,Phlegm-wetness type,Wet-heat type,Blood-stasis type,Qi-depression type,Special diathesis type).Application Discriminant Analysis to distinguish the individual Constitutional types,and analysis the distribution regularity of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in general population.Variables grouped by social demographic,use ?2 test to compare the differences in each sub-group’s constitution composition.Results:In the general population in China,Gentleness type accounted for 32.14 percent,eight pathological constitutions accounted for 67.86 percent,and the former three types of eight pathological constitutions were Qi-defi ciency type,Wet-heat type and Yang-deficiency type,which accounted for 13.42 percent,9.08 percent and 9.04 percent respectively.The composition ratio of constitutional types in different geographical,gender,age,marital status,occupation and education level were different,and the difference was signifi cant(P

Objective: To analyze the application status of the EQ-5D and SF-6D in cost-utility analysis ( CUA) . Methods: The data from PubMed data base from 2003-2012 was conducted as the main resource in econometric analysis. Results: There is no certain increasing trend of literature quantity in the recent 10 years’ application of EQ-5D and SF-6D in the CUA. The main published language was English and the main country was the United Kingdom. The core authors of researches on the CUA estimated by EQ-5D and SF-6D had not been formed, however, the core periodicals had been formed. The literatures involve wide-spread diseases, mainly known as Motion system and pain diseases. Most of the effectiveness could be calculated with quality adjusted life year ( QALY) , the object of CUA is mainly on the medicine, operation and health intervention. Conclusion: Appicating EQ-5D and SF-6D in CUA and research content of the literatures has wide distribution width, although it has shown centralized trend, which still needs more studies by related researchers.

Objective To assess the efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using real-time three-dimen?sional echocardiography (RT-3DE) and speckle tracking imaging (STI) in patients with heart failure. Methods Thirty-one patients with chronic heart failure were examined by RT-3DE and STI before CRT and 3, 6 months after CRT. The values of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic volume (LVESV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured. RT-3DE was used to evaluate the minimum regional volume for 16 segments (Tmsv-16SD) and the ratio of Tmsv16SD to R-R interval, and the maximum time difference (Tmsv-16Dif). STl was used to evaluate the ratios of standard deviation of the time to peak longitudinal radial and circumferential strain to R-R interval (Tls-16SD%, Trs-16SD%,Tcs-16SD%) from the beginning of Q wave of electrocardiography to the point minimal systolic volume of all 16 segments and the maximum time difference. Results The values of LVEDV and LVESV were smaller 3 and 6 months after CRT than those before CRT. The value of LVEF was significantly improved after CRT (P < 0.05). The values of Tmsv-16SD%, Tmsv-16Dif%, Tls-16SD%, Trs-16SD%, Tcs-16SD%and T-Dif%were gradually decreased after CRT (P<0.05). The values of Tmsv-16SD%, Tmsv-16Dif%,Trs-16SD%and Tcs-16SD%were negatively related with LVEF (r=-0.79,-0.82,-0.69 and-0.74(P<0.05). The better consistency was found between RT-3DE and STI methods(Kappa=0.77). Conclusion Re?al-time three-dimensional echocardiography and speckle tracking imaging can provide more accurate quantitative informa?tion of cardiac resynchronization therapy for assessment of treatment and prognosis in patients with heart failure.

ObjectiveTo explore the psychological characteristics of personality of the nine constitutions in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),so as to enrich and develop the theory related with constitution in TCM.MethodsFrom May 2009 to June 2009,540 college students from two universities in Beijing were investigated by cross-sectional survey.Cluster sampling method was adopted and the constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire(CCMQ) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC) was used.Results ①In extraversion-introversion dimension,Gentleness type had the highest score(56.52 ± 8.48) and Qi-depression type had the lowest score (45.88 ± 11.13 ).The scores of seven pathological constitutions (Qi-deficiency type,Yang-deficiency type,Phlegm-wetness type,Wet-heat type,Blood-stasis type,Qi-depression type and Special diathesis type) were significantly lower than the score of Gentleness type(P＜0.01 ).In neuroticism dimension,Qi-de-pression type had the highest score (59.31 ± 9.70) and Gentleness type had the lowest score (44.08 ± 8.55 ).There were significant differences (P ＜ 0.01 )between the score of Gentleness type and the scores of Qi-deficiency type,Yin-deficiency type,Wet-heat type,Blood-stasis type and Qi-depression type.In psychoticism dimension,there were no significant differences between the score of Gentleness type and the scores of eight pathological constitutions.② Gentleness type was used as control,multivariate logistic regression analysis of psychological characteristics of personality of the eight pathological constitutions showed that the extraversion-introversion dimension was the meaningful relation factor of Qi-deficiency type,Yang-deficiency type,Phlegm-wetness type,Wet-heat type,Blood-stasis type,Qi-depression type and Special diathesis type.The neuroticism dimension was the meaningful relation factor of Qi-deficiency type,Yin-deficiency type,Phlegm-wetness type,Wet-heat type,Blood-stasis type,Qidepression type and Special diathesis type.ConclusionPeople with nine different constitutional types in TCM have shown corresponding psychological characteristics of personality.This study illustrates that nine constitutions in TCM are related to psychological characteristics of personality.

From the point of view of systems science, human body can be considered as a complex system, and the human health system is a subsystem of it. Systems science conducts investigation in a holistic manner. As a theoretical method, it deals with the operation and evolution of systems from the macroscopic perspective, so this theory is similar to phenomenological theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in methodology. Naturally, numerous theories of systems science can be used in research of the human health systems of TCM. In this paper, the authors introduced synergetics, a theory of modern systems science, and its slaving principle, and in particular, analyzed the concept of order parameters related to the slaving principle and the relationship between body constitutions of TCM and order parameters. The body constitution of TCM can be treated as a slow variable in the human health systems. By using synergetics, the authors established a model of the human health system based on body constitutions of TCM. As an application of the model, the authors illustrated the argumentations in the theory of constitution being separable, the theory of a relationship between constitution and disease, and the theory of a recuperable constitution. To some extent, this work has made links between the TCM theory of body constitution and modern systems science, and it will offer a new thought for modeling the human health system.

Objective To explore the relationship between the body mass index and health-related quality of life(HRQoL) of young students aged 18～25 years old. Methods 4696 students aged 18～25 years old from nine provinces and municipalities (Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai, Fujian, Boijing, Jilin, Jiangxi and He'nan) were investigated. The HRQoL of students with different body mass index were compared with rank sum test and lo-gistic regression analysis. Results Obesity and underweight students scored lower in both physical component and mental component scores of SF-36. Compared to students with normal weight, odds ratios (ORs) of impaired HRQoL among obesity students significantly increased in both physical domain (OR=1.86) and mental domain (OR=1.90), while OR of impaired HRQoL among underweight students significantly increased only in physical domain(OR=1.21). Analysis for boys and girls scparately,OR of impaired HRQoL increased in physical domain among underweight boys(OR=1.37), and increased in mental domain among overweight girls(OR=3.85). Con-clnsion Different body mass index have different impact on young students' HRQoL. Both obesity and trader-weight could reduce HRQoL. But obesity have more impact on girls' mental domain than boys, and underweight have more impact on boys' physical domain than girls.

Objective:To confirm the correlations between the soma ofthe traditional Chinese Medicine and the objective index about Homeostasis model assessment-Insulin Resistance index(HOMA-IR)and the function about beta Cell ofislet(HOMA-?)with Impaired glucose regulation(IGR),to explore the basis for the syndrome ofthe traditional Chinese Medicine and insulin function.Methods:According from the epidemiological investigation,we had a Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and insulin releasing test to the 1 500 persons who came from downtown area、county、small towns、village,in accordance with the soma ofTCM,then investigate and analysis the correlations who meet the diagnosis ofIGR.Results:①In all 322 cases,each ratio ofthe group about signal soma、twice soma、three soma is 74.8%、19.5%、8.1%,Ahead somas are mild, deficiency ofQi, deficiency ofYang, deficiency ofQi and Yang,phlegmatic hygrosis.②The BMI ofmild group is higher than the deficiency ofQi,deficiency ofYang,deficiency ofQi and Yang group(P

Objective To explore the efficacy and the safety of clinical trials of pemetrexed combined with carboplatin and gemcitabine with carboplatin in treating advanced NSCLC of the elderly patients.Methods A total of one hundred and twenty-eight elderly patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into two groups(n=64).The PC group in which patients were treated with pemetrexed combined with carboplatin,and the GC group in which patients were treated with gemcitabine combined with carboplatin.The effects and the safety were assessed by the following indexes, treatment efficiency,side effects,LCSS. Results The treatment efficiency of the PC group and the GC group were 34.38% and 31.25% after chemotherapy.The difference was no statistically significant between two groups.The difference of LCSS was no statistically significant between two groups.Except hair loss,the incidences of nausea and vomiting,leukopenia,thrombocytopenia and neurotoxicity (grade III-IV )in the PC group (6.25%,3.13%,4.67%,7.81%)were significant lower than those in the GC group(17.18%,20.31%,15.63%,18.75%)(P<0.05).The 1-year and 2-year survival rates of the PC and GC groups were 46.2% VS 46.8% and 13.3% VS 12.5%,respectively,with a median survival of 12.1 VS 1 1.3 months,without a statistically significant difference between two groups.Conclusion PC and GC show similar efficacy for elderly NSCLC patients,however,the toxicities in PC patients are lower than those in GC patients.Thus,pemetrexed combined with carboplatin is an effective therapeutic regimen for advanced NSCLC in elderly patients.

BACKGROUND:Autologous hamstring Rigidfix and Intrafix has been frequently used to fix and reconstruct anterior cruciate ligament. However, it lacks of evaluation of middle and long period of clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE:To retrospectively evaluate the medium term clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft by Rigidfix and Intrafix. METHODS:The 39 cases of anterior cruciate ligament injury were subjected to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft by Rigidfix and Intrafix under arthroscope. They were fol owed up for 2 years or more. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using Lyshlom score scale, IKDC2000 and Tegner score scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the fol ow-up, IKDC2000 score and Lyshlom score were significantly increased fol owing Rigidfix and Intrafix fixation than before treatment (P<0.01). Results indicate satisfactory clinical outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft by Rigidfix and Intrafix. However, long-term fol ow up is needed to verify the feasibility of extensive application.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between diet habits and constitution type of 8448adults from 9 provinces and municipalities of China.MethodsA total of 8448 participants from Jiangsu,Anhui,Gansu,Qinghai,Fujian,Beijing,Jilin,Jiangxi and Henan Province were enrolled in this study.The clinical information of constitution type,diet habits and demographic characteristics was collected.Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between diet habits and constitution type.ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that gentleness type and Qi-deficiency were correlated with sweet food ( OR =1.22,P ＜ 0.05 ). There was a significantly positive correlation between Yangdeficiency and hot food intake ( OR =2.89,P ＜ 0.05 ),as well as between Yin-deficiency and cold food intake ( OR =1.56,P ＜ 0.05).Phlegm-wetness was mainly caused by fatty food consumption ( OR =2.07,P ＜ 0.05 ).Barbecue food was positively correlated with Wet-heat type ( OR =1.64,P ＜ 0.05 ),Bloodstasis type ( OR =1.37,P ＜ 0.05 ),and Qi-depression type ( OR =1.35,P ＜ 0.05 ).Special diathesis type was related to dietary preference of sweet food ( OR =1.29,P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionDifferent type of constitution may be related to specific lifestyle or diet habits,and diet habit might play a positive role in Gentleness type or health condition.