Objective To predict the B cell epitopes for S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus. Methods Based on SARS coronavirus genome sequence and the analysis of the flexible regions of secondary structure for S protein, the B cell epitopes for S protein were predicted by methods of Kyte Doolittle hydrophilicity plot, Emini, and Jameson Wolf. Results The computer predicted most possible epitopes for S protein were located within or nearby its N terminal No. 91-98, 1121-1153 and 185-193. The N terminal No. 1050-1059, 752-765, 41-50, 666-674, 264-287, 340-348, 408-416, and 424-439 may be the possible B cell epitopes. Conclusion Prediction of the B cell epitopes for the S protein based on multiple parameters is helpful for the identification of B cell epitopes using experimental methods.

The MAPKs activation pathway consists of three protein kinases in activation sequence:MAPKs kinase kinases (MKKKs)→,MAPKs kinases (MKKs)→MAPKs and four pathways:extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK~(ERK)),C-JUN N-terminal kinase (MAPK~(JNK)),MAPK~(P38) and MKKS/MAPK~(ERK5) activation pathways.It has been proved that MAPKs(ERK,JNK and P38) are acvtivated in the progress of morphine tolerance.Inhibitors of any element of MAPKs activation pathway may function as a potential clinical medicine for morphine tolerance.

Objective To explore the effect of multiple low dose radiation(LDR)on the apoptosis of splenocytes and immune factors in diabetes mellitus(DM)rats.Methods The rats were randomly divided into control,DM and DM + LDR groups.The irradiation doses were 25,50 and 75 mGy,and the irradiated times were 15.At the fourth weekend after the DM rats irradiated,the apoptotie rate and TCRαβ percentage of splenoeytes were detected by flow cytometry,and the content of IL-2 in both serum and supernatant of cultured splenocytes were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with that in the control,the body weight(BW)decreased in the DM and DM + LDR groups,particularly in DM group.The blood glucose(BG)level in the DM + LDR groups was higher than that in the control,but decreased significantly as compared with that in the DM group(P < 0.01).As compared with those in the control,the apoptotic rate in DM + 50 mGy(P < 0.05)and the content of serum IL-2 in DM + 75 mGy group(P < 0.01)all increased significantly,while the content of IL-2 in supernatant of cultured splenocytes decreased significantly in the DM + LDR groups.Compared with those in the DM group,the apoptotic rate and the percentage of TCRαβ in splenocytes in the DM + LDR groups(P < 0.01-P < 0.001)and the content of IL-2 in serum in DM + 50 mGy group(P < 0.01)decreased significantly.Conclusions The multiple LDR could weaken the loss of BW and increase of BG caused by DM,decrease the splenocyte apoptosis induced by DM,and regulate the immune factors.

AIM:To explore the effects of pGRIM-19-si-survivin co-expression plasmid carried by human at-tenuated Salmonella on prostate cancer subcutaneous xenograft growth in nude mice .METHODS: Prostate cancer xeno-graft model was established in nude mice .Co-expression plasmids carried by attenuated Salmonella were introduced by in-traperitoneal injection .The xenograft volumes were monitored timely .Immunohistochemical staining , RT-PCR and TUNEL assay were applied to investigate the related mechanisms that pGRIM-19-si-survivin inhibited tumor growth in vivo.RE-SULTS:Compared with psi-survivin and pGRIM-19 carried by attenuated Salmonella ( control groups ) , the tumor volumes were reduced markedly in pGRIM-19-si-survivin plasmid group .The mean shrinkage rates were 2.36 and 3.02 times. pGRIM-19-si-survivin co-expression plasmid carried by attenuated Salmonella inhibited survivin expression but strengthened GRIM-19 expression obviously (P<0.05).The mRNA expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Bcl-xL, Stat3, cy-clin D1 and c-Myc was inhibited , and the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) mRNA and Ki67 protein were also in-hibited, but the caspase-3 mRNA expression was up-regulated ( P<0.05 ) with significant cell apoptosis .CONCLU-SION:pGRIM-19-si-survivin co-expression plasmid carried by human attenuated Salmonella inhibits the growth of prostate cancer subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice by promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting prostatic cancer proliferation .

Objective To evaluate bacteriophage therapy for gut-derived sepsis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in mice.Methods Lyric phages of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from environment by using double-layer agar method.A murine model of gut-derived sepsis was established by oral administration of ampicillin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and injection of ampicillin and cyclophosphamide into peritoneal cavities of mice.Bacteriophage therapy were given 1 d before infection (group 1),2 d(group 2) and 6 d(group 3) after infection.The survival of the mice was observed,mice without bacteriophage therapy were as control.Independent-sample t test was performed to compare inflammatory cytokines levels in peripheral blood and liver,number of bacteria in liver and spleen between mice with and without bacteriophage therapy.Results The minimal lethal dose of Acinetobacter baumannii for mice with gut-derived sepsis was 1 × 107 CFU/mL.The survival of the mice in group 2 (4/6 survived),which were treated with bacteriophage 2 d after inoculation of Acinetobacter baumannii,was higher than those of group 1 (2/6 survived),group 3 (3/6 survived) and the control group (phage-untreated,0/6 survived).Interleukin (IL)-1 β,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 in peripheral blood in mice with bacteriophage therapy were (105 ±6) ng/L,(105 ± 11) ng/L and (104 ± 12)ng/L,which were lower than those in control group (t =5.04,9.05 and 9.33,P ＜ 0.01) ; IL-1 β and TNF-α in liver of mice with bacteriophage therapy were (104 ± 9) ng/L and (104 ± 11) ng/L,which were lower than those in the controls (t =13.70 and 12.80,P ＜0.01),but IL-6 levels were not of statistical difference between therapy and control groups (t =1.06,P ＞ 0.05).Number of bacteria in liver and spleen in mice with bacteriophage therapy were (2.9 ± 1.3) × 103CFU/g and (8.3 ±7.6) × 102 CFU/g,which were also lower than those in control group (t =9.16 and 8.96,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Bacteriophage therapy can be effective against gut-derived sepsis caused by Acinetobacter baumannii.

AIM: To study the protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on myocardial ischemia in rats and their underlying mechanism. METHODS: A rat myocardial ischemic injury model was established by left coronary artery ligation. The rats were killed at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h after coronary artery occlusion. The samples of blood and myocardium were collected for observing the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in myocardial cells and the changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or myocardial enzymes. RESULTS: The amount of Bcl-2 protein expression of myocardial cells in ischemia + bFGF group was significantly higher than that in ischemia+saline group (P

Objective:To discover the epidemic characteristics of brucellosis in Yunnan Province, and establish a grey GM (1, 1) model to predict brucellosis in Yunnan Province.Methods:The epidemic data of incidence rate of brucellosis and population data in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2018 were collected from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Statistics. Epidemiological characteristics (including time, area and population distributions) were analyzed, and grey GM (1, 1) model was used to predict the incidence of brucellosis in Yunnan Province in 2019 and 2020.Results:A total of 1 216 brucellosis cases were reported in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2018, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.237 4/100 000, showing an increasing trend year by year (χ 2trend = 843.34, P<0.01). Case reports were mainly from March to September, accounted for 69.41% (844/1 216) of the total number of cases. The top five regions with case reports were Honghe (289 cases), Qujing (264 cases), Kunming (258 cases), Dali (160 cases), and Yuxi (134 cases), accounting for 90.87% (1 105/1 216). The occupation was mainly farmers, accounting for 79.03% (961/1 216). A grey GM (1, 1) model was established to predict the incidence of brucellosis in Yunnan Province in 2019 and 2020, which was 0.487 6/100 000 and 0.481 7/100 000, respectively. Conclusion:The incidence of brucellosis in Yunnan Province has increased compared with that of the past, and targeted prevention and control should be carried out in key areas and key populations, and the prediction results should be prospectively evaluated to gradually improve the establishment of brucellosis prediction model in Yunnan Province.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the real experience of caregivers in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Methods:The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CBM, CNKI, VIP, and Wan Fang Data were searched for qualitative studies on caregivers' experience of hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. The time limit for the search was from inception to June 2019. The results were assessed using a pooled integration approach using the Australian JBI Evidence-Based Health Care Center (2016) Quality Evaluation Standards Evaluation.Results:A total of 6 studies were included to refine 27 complete and definitive findings, and similar results were grouped into 8 new categories and integrated into 5 integrated results: the physical and mental experience of the caregiver, dilemmas and needs, caregivers′ coping style, social support in the care process, caregiver adaptation and growth.Conclusion:Medical staff should pay attention to the psychological state and potential needs of this group. In the process of transplantation, the caregiver should be self-regulated and better qualified as a caregiver.

Sedentary behavior is one of the independent risk factors forchronic diseases, and it can increase the incidence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, cancer and the risk of death of patients with chronic diseases. Sedentary behavior is common in patients with mental disorders. This article reviews the concept of sedentary behavior in patients with mental disorders, epidemiological studies, influencing factors, assessment tools, intervention methods, and future research trends, and provides a basis for formulating intervention programs for patients with mental disorders in China.

To introduce the surgical procedure of orthopaedic robot-assisted vascularised fibular grafting for the treatment of ANFH and report the short-term result. Methods From September, 2016 to November, 2018, 17 patients (21 hips) with ANFH had undergone robot-assisted free fibular grafting. There were 14 males and 3 females, of which, 8 cases were associated with the right side, 5 cases the left side, and 4 cases with both sides. The average age was 35 (ranged from 17 to 55) years. There were 7 patients suffered from idiopathic ischemic necrosis of femoral head, 4 patients who had cannulated screws fixed after a femoral neck fracture, 4 patients who had a history of alcohol consumption, 1 patient who had taken corticosteroids for 6 months to treat nephritis, and 1 patient who had a history of alcohol consumption and had also taken corticosteroids. Seventeen hips were in Ficat stage II, and 4 hips were in Ficat stage III. The orthopaedic surgical robot workstation was used to plan the entry point and target of the guide pin during the operation, to place a cannula in the optimal position. Then a bone window was created and the fibula was placed into the bone tunnel.Using fluoroscopy to monitor each step of the procedure and verify the position of the fibula. Finally, the vessels were anastomosed. The patient remain in bed completely for a week with the use of vasodilator. The follow-up was accomplished with phone call and outpatient clinic, and Harris score was evaluated. Results All 21 surgical procedures were successful. The guide pins and fibula were accurately placed according to the robot’s plan, and the tips of the fibula were placed at the centre of the load-bearing region of the femoral heads, 4 to 6 mm from the articular surface. Conventional anticoagulant, anti-infective therapy was performed after the pro-cedure. Ten patients were followed-up postoperatively more than 1 year, with an average of 15 (from 12 to 24) months. The function of the hip joint recovered smoothly for 9 patients.Frontal and lateral X-ray and CT scans showed that the tips of the fibula were placed at the centre of the load-bearing region, 4 to 6 mm from the articular surface.One patient suffered from bilateral femoral head necrosis and the right side recovered smoothly after operation.However, joint move-ment was restricted for the left hip and the pain was significant.An arthroscopic examination was performed 1 month after the operation and did not identify any problems such as intraarticular incular infection or articular surface of the femoral head was protruded by the tip of the fibula.The symptoms were alleviated after removing the osteophytes at the rim of the acetabulum.The Harris score was 62.4±13.6 before operation, and 84.5±4.5 at the last time of followed-up after opera-tion.The difference in Harris scores was statisticly significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion With the assistance of an or-thopaedic robot system, the guide pin can be accurately positioned, thereby allowing the tip of the fibula to be inserted in-to the optimal anatomical position and maximising its mechanical efficacy.In theory, it is the best choice for performing fibular bone transplantation in ANFH.And the early effect of treatment is good.