Objective To observe the effect of plasma exchange (PE) on patients with thrombotic throbocytopenic purpura (TTP) . Methods Eight patients received PE and drugs treatment (including glucocorticoid and anti-platelet drugs) . The other 7 patients were only treated with glucocorticoid and anti-platelet drugs. PE was performed with fresh-frozen plasma every other day, and median of PE treatment was 4 times(2 to 6 times) . Average exchanged volume of plasma was (2316?28. 3) ml. Results The survival rate of the patients with PE treatment was significantly higher than that of the patients only with drugs (75% vs 14. 3% ) . Within 12-72 h after the plasma treatment, neurological and psychiatric symptoms ameliorated. After 4 times of PE treatment, hematocrit and platelet increased gradually, and fever, novel petechia, purpura and jaundice were not observed again in the survival patients. When the PE treatment finished, 2 cases relapsed and received PE treatment again. Conclusion PE is an effective therapy for TTP.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of de-splanchnic circulation of the stomach (DSCS) on ultramicrostructure of gastric mucosa and submucosal microcirculation in prehepatic portal hypertensive canine models.MethodsTwelve prehepatic portal hypertensive canine models were established by half constriction and silk line chronic embolization of the portal vein. The esophageal varices and collateral circulation were observed by venography after 4 weeks.Dogs with established model were divided into pericardial devascularization group and DSCS group randomly.Esophageal variceal pressure (VP) was measured when the abdoman was open immediately before the abdoman was closed and 4 weeks after the operation respectively. The liver function was also tested preoperatively and 4 weeks postoperatively. The ultrastructure of gastric mucosa and submucosal microcirculation was observed by transmission electron microscope.ResultsThe VP decreased significantly from (22. 1 ± 0.9 ) cm H2O to (17. 8 ± 0. 4) cm H2O after DSCS ( P ＜ 0. 01 ).There were no obvious different changes in the liver function preoperatively and postoperatively ( P ＞ 0. 05 ) in pericardial devascularization group. The microvillus of gastric epithelium cells were interrupted and fell off and that microvillus significantly reduced. Moreover, it was also shown that the basal lamina of submucosal veinule endothelial cells were uneven thick and discontinuous and that red blood cells could be obviously gathered in the endothelial cells interspace. While there were less severe damages in the gastric musosa epithelia and submucosal venule endothelial cells in DSCS group.ConclusionsDSCS procedure can significantly decrease espophageal variceal pressure and improve the ultramicrostructure of gastric mucosa and submucosal microcirculation in canine models with prehepatic portal hypertension.

Objective To study the level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and platelet-activating factor acetyl-hydrolase(PAF-AH) and high sensitive C reactive protein(hsCRP) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Acute Coronary Syndrome(ACS) patients and the effect of atorvastatin on them and the clinical significance. Methods To measure and compare the content of COX-2,PAF-AH and hsCRP in normal control group and ACS group(before and after treatment). Result The content of COX-2,PAF-AH and hsCRP are significantly different between normal con-trol group and ACS group (before treatment) (P < 0.05), and between ACS group (before treatment) and ACS group (after treatment) too(P < 0.05). Conclusions The inflammatory cytokines COX-2,PAF-AH and haCRP have sig-nificant correlation with the occurance of ACS. Atorvastatin can decrease COX-2 and hsCRP level, and can increase PAF-AH level. So atorvastatin takes an important role in lessening inflamatory reaction level in ACS patients.

Objective To investigate the expressions and clinical significanees of suppressors of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) and SOCS-3 in myocardium of patients with sudden cardiac death (SCD). Method This study included myocardial autopsy specimens of 24 patients admitted between 2005 and 2006. Of them, 9 cases had the findings of autopsy examination consistent with coronary atberosclerosis (non-myocardial infarction) leading to SCD (non-MI group), 7 patients died of acute myocardial infarction (MI group) and 8 patients died of traffic accidents and trauma The expressions of SOCS-1 mRNA and SOCS-3 mRNA in the myocardium of non-MI and con-trol group were detected by using RT-PCR. The levels of SOCS-1 protein and SOCS-3 protein were detected by us-ing immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis were performed by using SPSS version 13.0 software and the data were processed with ANOVA test. Results The expressions of SOCS-1 mRNA and SOCS-3 mRNA in non-MI and MI groups were were significantly higher than those in control group (0. 788±0. 101) and (0. 741±0.111) vs.(0.436±0.044) (P <0.01); (0.841±0.092) and (0.776±0.070) vs.(0.454±0.076), P <0.01, re-spectively). The antibody-positive cells of SOCS-1 protein in myocardium of non-MI group and MI group were significantly higher than those in myoeardium of control group (320.00±48.48) and (347.14±70.88) vs.(42.50±10.35) (P < 0.01), respectively. The antibody-positive cells of SOCS-3 protein in myoeardium of non-MI group and MI group were significantly higher than those in myocardium of control group (381.11±59.25) vs.(40.00±10.69), (P < 0.01)and (332.86±111.91) vs. (40.00±10.69), (P =0.001). Conclusions The expressions of SOCS rnRNA and SOCS-3 mRNA in myoeardium of patients with SCD from coronary diseases are significantly increased contributing to the pathogenesis of SCD.

Purpose To compare the difference of the genotype and allele of endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR)gene rs9574 C/G between Guangxi population and other ethnic groups.Methods The rs9574 C/G polymorphisms of EPCR in 130 cases of Guangxi population were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing.The distribution frequency of allele and genotype was compared with the other four ethnic groups (HapMap-CEU,HapMap-HCB,HapMap-JPT,HapMap-YRI),which was published by the human genome project.Results Three genotypes of CC,CT and TT were found in rs9574 C/G with the frequencies of 39.2％,46.2％,14.6％ respectively.the allele frequencies of C,T were 62.3％ and 37.7％.No significant difference was observed in the frequency of genotype and allele between male and female (P ＞ 0.05).There were significant differences in the genotype distribution among Guangxi population,HapMap-CEU and HapMap-YRI (P ＜ 0.05).Significant differences of allelic frequency were found among Guangxi population,HapMap-CEU,HapMap-JPT and HapMap-YRI.Condusion The polymorphisms of rs9574C/G in 3'-noncoding region of EPCR gene in Guangxi population were different in different regions and ethnic groups.

Objective To study the relationship between circumferential resection margin status and prognosis of patients with middle and lower rectal cancer.Methods Specimens from 49 patients with middle and lower rectal cancer undergoing total mesorectal excision were studied by the large slice pathologic technique.The local recurrence,metastasis and five-year survival rate were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier Survival analysis.The related clinicopathologic factors were also analyzed.Results The cancer involvement rate of the circumferential resection margins was 24%(12/49).The overall local recurrence rate was 12%(6/49),the distant metastasis and recurrence rate was 27%(13/49),and the five-year survival rate was 67%(33/49).For the 12 patients in which the eircumferential resection margin was tumor positive.the local recurrence rate was 33%compared with 5%in those with negative circumferential resection margin(X2=6.577,P=0.010),distant recurrence was 50%compared with 19%in those with tumor negative margin(X2=4.491,P=0.034).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patient's survival time was statistically correlative with the circumferential resection margin status(log-rank.P=0.009).Five-year survival rate was 33%in patients with positive circumferential resection margin,compared with 78%in those with negative margins.Tumor diameter(X2=4.451,P=0.035),T staging (X2=20.283,P=0.000),N staging(X2=7.773,P=0.018),the distance away from the anocutaneous line(X2=6.502,P=0.04),tumor location(X2=4.421,P=0.035)and operation type(X2=5.754,P=0.016)were significantly correlated with the circumferential resection margin status of the middle and lower rectal cancer.Conclusions The circumferential resection margin status was an important predictor of local and distant recurrence as well as survival of patients with middle and lower rectal carcinoma.and the status is significantly correlated with tumor diameter,T staging,N staging,the distance away from the anocutaneous line,tumor location and operation type.

BACKGROUND:Shear stress can directly mediate the expression of endothelial cells, especially some cytokine genes whose codes are related to angiogenesis. Otherwise, flow shear stress of blood plays an importantly biological role in regulating vascular structure and function.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of laminar flow shear stress on the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and the expression of protooncogene c-myc in human cerebral arteriovenous malformation.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Shenyang General Hospital of Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Neuromedical Institute, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from November 2006 to February 2007. Fresh samples of human cerebral arteriovenous malformation were derived from 20 patients who were of grade Spetzler Ⅱ -Ⅲ and received resection of human cerebral arteriovenous malformation in the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA in 2006. All cases were diagnosed with whole-brain angiography before operation. The main reagents and equipments were detailed as follows: M199 culture media (Gilbco BRL), quality fetal bovine serum (HyClone), endothelial cell growth supplement (ECGS; Sigma, USA), CO2 incubator (Forma Scientific, USA), flow cytometry analysis of cell cycle kit (BD Company), flow cytometer (FACS Calibur, BD Company), rat-anti-human c-myc monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Company, USA), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) kit (Promega).METHODS: Tissue explants adherent method was used to culture vascular endothelial cells of human cerebral arteriovenous malformation, and then the cells were classified into 4 groups based on degree of shear stress, including control group, low shear stress group, moderate shear stress group and high shear stress group. Cultured endothelial cells of human cerebral arteriovenous malformation were put in a parallel plate flow chamber. In addition, cells in the low,moderate and high shear stress groups were stressed by low, moderate and high shear stress for 8 hours, respectively.However, shear stress in the control group was 0 Pa. Flow cytometry was used to measure proliferation index, and the expression of c-myc protein and c-myc mRNA were determined by immnocytochemistry and RT-PCR analysis respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expressions of c-myc protein and c-myc mRNA and proliferation index in endothelial cells under various degrees of shear stress.RESULTS: ① Proliferation index: Proliferation index was higher in the moderate and high shear stress groups than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05, 0.01). ② Expression of c-myc protein: Immuneposjtjve expression of c-myc protein was gradually increased with the increase of shear stress and there were significant differences in the three shear stress groups as compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). ③ Expression of c-myc mRNA: Proliferation index of endothelial cells was higher in the low and moderate shear stress groups than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Flow shear stress can induce expression of c-myc and activate expression of c-myc gene based on gene transcription so as to promote the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in human cerebral arteriovenous malformation

Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative anxiety on the dosage of opioid drugs in perioperative period.Methods Fourty female patients who aged 18-65 years,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy were enrolled during November 2014 to August 2015.Demo-graphic characteristics of the patients were recorded.The patients were separated into two groups ac-cording to their state anxiety inventory (SAI).The patients with SAI>37 score were included in the high-anxious patients group (group H,n=22)while the other patients with SAI≤37 were enrolled in the low-anxious patients group (group L,n=18).All patients received the SAI test at the day be-fore surgery.The anesthesia time,intraoperative remifentanil consumption,duration of the first time giving analgesia after surgery,consumption of sufentanil at 1(T1 ),2(T2 ),4(T3 ),6(T4 ),24(T5 ) and 48 hours(T6 )after operation were recorded.Visual analogue scale (VAS)scores,the times of pressing PCIA and the side effects of opioid 48 h after the surgery were recorded.Results In group H, the time for first dose of opioid after surgery was significantly shorter than group L (P <0.05).The con-sumption of sufentanil in group H was significantly more than group L at T1-T6 (P <0.05).The times of pressing PCIA at the T5 time point after operation in group H was more than group L (P<0.05).No sta-tistically difference was found in the incidence of nausea or vomit between the two groups.There were no re-spiratory depression, pruritus or urinary retention in all patients.Conclusion Patients with high preoperative anxiety level perceive needed more opioids in postoperative pain control.

Objective To investigate the effect of Dan-Hong injection on peripheral neuropathy in experimental rats with type Ⅰ diabetes.Methods Forty Wistar male rats were chose in our study and divided into Dan-Hong injection group,mecobalamin treatment group,model group and normal control group (n=10);rat models of type Ⅰ diabetes in the first three groups were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Different drugs were given to these rats,and 12 weeks after model making,the blood glucose level and the body weight were measured;footprints gaits were analyzed;nerve conduction velocity was observed;immumohistochemical staining and HE staining were employed to detect the pathological alterations of intraepidermal nerve fiber and peripheral nerve tissues.Results As compared with model group,rats in Dan-Hong injection group had increased nerve conduction velocity and footprint parameters with statistical differences ([62.05±5.45] m/s vs [37.72±4.06] m/s;[22.00±0.34] mm vs [22.74±0.19] mm;[10.79±0.22] mm vs [11.49±0.14] mm;[17.50±0.16] mm vs [17.67±0.17] mm) (P＜0.05).The number of intraepidermal nerve fiber was increased and the pathological damage of peripheral nerves was obvious improved in the Dan-Hong injection group as compared with those in the model group;the nervous tissues showed edema with myelin fuzzy and swelling of the axon,which had been much improved as compared with those in the model group.Conclusions Dan-Hong injection can prevent and improve peripheral neuropathy of rats with type Ⅰ diabetes.