A method for the determination of 9 phenoxy acid herbicides in soil by solid phase extraction and LC/MS/MS with matrix correction was developed. The sample was treated by ultrasonic extraction twice with 1. 5% formic acid in acetonitrile. The extract was cleaned up with NH2 solid phase extraction column. A C18 column with formic acid in pure water/methanol mixture as the mobile phase was used under gradient elution. Mass spectral acquisition was done in negative ion mode by multiple reactions monitoring ( MRM ) . Two transitions per compound were used to provide qualitative and quantitative analysis. There were good linear relationships in the range of 2-250 μg/L for 9 phenoxy acid herbicides. The correlation coefficients were in the range of 0 . 9927-0 . 9972 . The method detection limits were in the range of 1 . 66-3 . 82 μg/kg . The average recoveries at three spiked levels ( 10 , 40 , 200 μg/kg ) ranged from 85 . 3% to 110 . 0% with the relative standard deviations (RSD) of 3. 2%-12%.

Objective To compare the application value of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography ( CEMRA ) in the diagnosis of carotid plaque characteristics . Methods Fourty-six patients ( 48 carotid plaques) were performed with carotid CEUS and CEMRA examination prior to carotid endarterectomy . The following characteristics of plaque including the surface of the plaque ,the presence of calcification ,the internal composition and the diameter stenosis were observed and measured ,which were compared with pathologic and digital subtraction angiography ( DSA ) results . Results There were 42 vulnerable plaques and 6 stable plaques in the 48 plaques . Fourty-seven carotid plaques had been correctly diagnosed by CEUS and CEMRA ,and one plaque had been misdiagnosed . The sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy between CEUS and CEMRA had no obvious differences in terms of the overall evaluation of plaque vulnerability ( P > 0 .05) ;CEUS and CEMRA in the diagnosion of the plaque surface situation had no statistical difference in terms of sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy compared with pathological results( P > 0 .05) ;There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy rate between two modalities ( P < 0 .05) ;In the diagnosis of plaque internal composition ,they had statistically differences in terms of specificity and accuracy ( P < 0 .05) ,while sensitivity had no obvious difference ( P > 0 .05) . With DSA examination results as the gold standard ,the accuracy of CEUS in the diagnosis of the diameter stenosis was 97 .92% (47/48) ,CEMRA was 100% (48/48) ,they had no significant difference between two groups ( P > 0 .05 ) . Conclusions CEUS and CEMRA in carotid plaques characteristic evaluation have respective advantages ,are highly complementary ,and combining two methods can systematically evaluate for plaque characteristics .

OBJECTIVE:To study the purification technology of total flavonoids from Nelumbinis receptaculum by macropo-rous resin. METHODS:Using adsorption rate and desorption rate of total flavonoids from Nelumbinis receptaculum as index,the type of macroporous resin was selected by static adsorption-desorption tests;With adsorption rate of total flavonoids as index,sin-gle factor test was used to investigate the effects of the concentration of total flavonoids,adsorption time,adsorption speed, drug-loading amount,water amount,volume fraction and amount of eluant and other factors on the purification technology. The op-timal technology was validated. RESULTS:Among 10 kinds of resin,HPD-400 macroporous resin was found to have the best ad-sorption and desorption effects. The optimal purification conditions was as follows as the concentration of total flavonoids 7.00 mg/ml, adsorption time of 3 h,flow rate for sampling of 3 column volume (BV)/h,drug-loading amount of 8 BV,water amount of 6 BV,50% ethanol elution amount of 4 BV. In validation test,mass fraction of total flavonoids from purified Nelumbinis receptacu-lum were 63.88%,62.50% and 63.44%(RSD=1.11%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:HPD-400 macroporous resin could purify total flavonoids from purified Nelumbinis receptaculum,and established purification technology is stable and practical.

OBJECTIVETo determine whether the synthesis of proteoglycan, collagen and associated ultrastructure are related to the adenovirus-mediated gene transferred to adult degenerative cells.

METHODSAdenovirus/cytomegalovirus human transforming growth factor-beta 1 (Ad/CMV-hTGF-beta 1) was used to transfect degenerative cells. Antonopulos method, Miamine method and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to study the synthesis of proteoglycan, collagen, and ultrastructure, respectively. Cell cultures were established from the nucleus pulpous and annulus fibrosus tissues, which were taken from surgery.

RESULTSNucleus pulpous and annulus fibrosus cells were efficiently transduced by the adenoviral vector carrying hTGF-beta 1 gene. The synthesis of proteoglycan and collagen increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The metabolism of cells was slightly improved. No significant toxic effects were found.

CONCLUSIONSExpression of hTGF-beta 1 gene is efficient to accelerates proteoglycan synthesis and thus accelerates the improvement of collagen. The function and structure of degenerative cells are improved. Ad/CMV-hTGF-beta 1 may be suitable for treating disc degeneration.

Adenoviridae ; Adult ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; Extracellular Matrix ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; ultrastructure ; Proteoglycans ; biosynthesis ; Spinal Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; genetics ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Objective To find humoral protein markers to develop new experimental diagnostic methods for tuberculous pleurisy. Methods Proteomes of 7 d and 14 d culture filtrate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growing in Middlebrook 7H9, serum and pleural effusion from five patients with tuberculous pleurisy were detected by surface-enhanced laser desorptionionization time-of-flight massspectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). And the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics method to observed the protein components all owned by three kinds of proteome. Results From protein species, proteins of all culture filtrate were far more than that of pleural effusion and serum while proteins of pleural effusion in four cases were more than that of serum. The kinds of common proteins between culture filtrate and pleural effusion, between culture filtrate and serum, between serum and pleural effusion, among culture filtrate and pleural effusion and serum were different. But the protein of relative molecular mass of 2 660 depending on the ratio of mass to charge existed in all samples of culture filtrate, pleural effusion and serum. Conclusion The protein of relative molecular mass of 2 660 possess the latent quality as a specific humoral protein marker for tuberculous pleurisy. But it is essential that must be further confirmed among large samples.

Objective To assess the efficacy of using four kinds of proteins / peptides to distinguish the tuberculosis patients from healthy people. Methods A, B, C and D were used to represent four proteins /peptides with 1 060, 1 944, 2 081 and 3 954 of mass to charge ratio (m / z) in serum, respectively. Levels A, B, C and D in serum of 57 patients with tuberculosis and 30 healthy people were determined by using the surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Then the differences of levels of f A, B, C and D were anlyzed between tuberculosis patients and healthy people. The efficacy of distinguishing tuberculosis patient from healthy people were evaluated by using diagnostic test evaluation method. Results (1) The levels of A, B, C and D were 1 ± 11, 1 597 ± 3 102, 460 ± 765 and 1 208 ± 1 003 in tuberculosis patients, while they were 123 ± 201, 47 ± 98, 36 ± 93 and 397 ± 355 in healthy people. (2) The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.644, 0.848, 0.735 and 0.810 respectively. The serum levels of A, B, C and D could be used to distinguish tuberculosis patient from healthy people and the cut-off values of A, B, C and D were ≤166, ≥318, ≥48 and ≥728, respectively. Conclusions B, C and D have better performances to distinguish tuberculosis patients from healthy people , which may be regarded as new promising candidate markers for diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Objective To study the level of clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and implementa-tion of tuberculosis prevention and control policy. Methods Frequencies and percentages of pulmonary tuberculosis, other lung diseases and health among 3315 cases with pulmonary tuberculosis suspicious symptoms ,transferred by non-tuberculosis control institutions during 2010-2015,were calculated and analyzed. Results Among the 3315 suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis ,cases of pulmonary tuberculosis ,tuberculosis ,other lung diseases and healthy group were 2068,598 and 649 based on final diagnosis and their percentages were 62.38%,18.04% and 19.58% respectively. As to groups of elder than fifteen years ,the proportion of patients with pulmonary tubercu-losis accounts for 72.62%,61.00%and 48.58% of the total of young group(15~44 years old ),middle age group (45 ~ 64 years old)and elderly group(≥ 65 years old )respectively. Conclusions Compared with pulmonary tuberculosis suspicious symptomscases from tuberculosis control institution during the same period ,the proportion of tuberculosis patients from transferred groups is roughly the same.It indicate high levels of tuberculosis diagnosis and implementation to tuberculosis control policy.

Objective Age and sex of the population with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) symptoms in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou were analyzed , to find out the prevalence and important risk factors responsible for tuberculosis in this district. Methods New PTB suspects domiciling in Guangzhou Yuexiu District during 2010-2015 were of interests. Data from Guangzhou Tuberculosis Control Project registration book and biobank of Guangzhou Tuberculosis Translational Medicine Center were applied to analyzed the frequency distribution of age and sex of the population. Results 6 154 cases of PTB suspects were included in this study. As to sex,ratio of male to female was 1.70 and there was no obvious fluctuation from 2010 to 2015. Frequency distribution among PTB suspects under 40 had no difference between male and female , but the ratio of male to female was nearly 1.70 for study objects aged above 40.As to age , there was a minor peak in the age group of 25~ while the greater peak was in the age group of 50~ after the age group of 35~. Conclusion In Yuexiu District of Guangzhou ,male were more likely to be the PTB suspects than female , and the peak age of prevalence was between 50 and 60.

Objective To summarize the clinical features of 22 probands diagnosed with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD),and to provide genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for 23 fetuses of these pedigrees.Methods Data of 22 CMD patients who were treated in the Pediatric Department of Peking University First Hospital during October 2006 to March 2016 were analyzed.Informed written consents for participation in this study were obtained from the parents or guardians.Prenatal diagnosis was performed using DNA samples extracted from fetal villus cells of 12 cases at 11-13 gestational weeks and amniotic fluid of 11 cases at 18-22 gestational weeks.Direct DNA sequencing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were used to detect CMD-related gene mutations.Linkage analysis of short tandem repeats (STRs) was used to identify maternal blood contamination and biological parents.Results Thirteen out of the 22 probands with CMD were diagnosed with congenital muscular dystrophy type 1 A (MDC1A),and all of them carried compound heterozygous mutations in LAMA2 gene.Prenatal diagnosis of 13 fetuses from these pedigrees found that four fetuses were wild-type,seven were heterozygotes and two carried the same mutations as their proband.Three probands with LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD) carried de novo mutations in LMNA gene.In these pedigrees,two fetuses were wild-type and one whose mother was mosaicism carried the same mutations as the proband.One proband with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy carried compound heterozygous mutations in COL6A2 gene and the fetus of the same pedigree was wild-type.Five probands were diagnosed with α-dystroglycanopathies.And among them,two cases of muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB) carried compound heterozygous mutations in POMGnT1 gene and the fetuses of the two peidgrees were heterozygotes;one case of congenital muscular dystrophy type 1C (MDC1C) had compound heterozygous mutations in FKRP gene and the fetus carried the same mutations;one patient diagnosed with POMGnT1-related congenital muscular dystrophy with mental retardation (CMD-MR) carried compound heterozygous mutations in POMGnT1 gene,and the fetus was positive for the same mutations;one proband with POMT1-related CMD-MR was positive for compound heterozygous mutations in POMT1 gene and the results of prenatal diagnosis for two fetuses of this pedigree showed that the first fetus had the same mutations as the proband,while the second was heterozygote.Conclusions No effective therapeutic method is available for CMD.Therefore,accurate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis are necessary to prevent CMD child from birth.