To explore The clinical value of Multimode ultrasound in evaluating cerebral hemorrhage with intracranial pressure（ICP）. Methods A total of 17 patients with cerebral hemorrhage who received lumbar puncture according to their medical necessity in the ICU of the Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University from September 2019 to June 2021 were enrolled. The diameter of optic nerve sheath （ONSD） and transcranial Doppler ultrasound （TCD） were performed before lumbar puncture. The patients were divided into elevated intracranial pressure group （9 cases） and normal intracranial pressure group （8 cases），according to the results of lumbar puncture pressure （more than 200 mmH2O was defined as elevated intracranial pressure，and 80～200 mmH2O was defined as normal intracranial pressure）. The Systolic blood pressure，diastolic blood pressure，partial pressure of carbon dioxide，GCS，ONSD and TCD parameters （such as peak systolic velocity，end diastolic velocity，mean blood flow velocity and pulse index of bilateral middle cerebral artery） were compared between the two groups，and the correlation between ICP and ONSD，pulse index（PI） was analyzed. Results （1）The systolic blood pressure，diastolic blood pressure，partial pressure of carbon dioxide （P CO2） and GCS scores between the two groups were not significantly different （all P> 0.05）；（2）The ONSD was significantly higher in the elevated intracranial pressure group［（5.15±0.24） mm vs. （3.97±0.22） mm，t=10.69，P<0.001）］；（3）The systolic peak flow velocity （PSV），end diastolic flow velocity （EDV） and mean flow velocity （MV） between the two groups were not significantly different（all P> 0.05），while the PI was significantly higher in the elevated intracranial pressure group［Right（1.20±0.19） vs.（0.95±0.12），t=3.148，P=0.007）；Left（1.20±0.17） vs. （0.92±0.10），t=3.893，P=0.001）］.（4）ICP was significantly associated with PI （r=0.52，P<0.02） and ONSD（r=0.64，P<0.01）. Conclusion Combine with Ultrasonographic ONSD measurement and TCD can effectively assess intracranial hypertension in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy of Qingfei Xiegantang on chronic inflammation and endothelial function of people of Taiyin constitution with metabolic syndrome （MS）. Method:Patients （162 cases） were divided into control group （80 cases） and observation group （82 cases）. Both groups got lifestyle intervention and treatment with lipid regulation， blood pressure reduction and hypoglycemia according to MS. Patients in observation group got Qingfei Xiegantang， 1 dose/day. Patients in control group got placebo granules of Qingfei Xiegantang. The treatment lasted for 4 months. Before and after treatment， weight， height， waist （WC）， hip， body mass index （BMI） and waist hip ratio （WHR） were calculated. Levels of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， 2-hour postprandial blood glucose （2 hPG）， glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c） and fasting insulin （FINS） were measured. Insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR）， insulin sensitivity index （ISI） and islet beta cell function index （HOMA-β）， systolic blood pressure （SBD）， diastolic blood pressure （DBP）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， leptin （LP）， adiponectin （ADP）， nitric oxide （NO）， endothelin-1 （ET-1）， endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS） and inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） were detected and recorded. Then the safety was evaluated. Result:Levels of body mass， BMI， WHR， TG， TC， LDL-C， FBG， 2 hPG， HbA1c， HOMA-IR， SBD， DBP， TNF-α， IL-6， LP， ET-1 and iNOS were all lower than those in control group. Levels of HDL-C， InISI， HOMA-β， ADP， NO and eNOS were higher than those in control group （P<0.01）. And score of syndrome differentiation of Taiyin people was lower than that in control group （P<0.01）. The compliance rate of BMI in observation group was 70.27% （52/74）， which was higher than 53.42% （39/73） in control group （χ²=4.421， P<0.05）. The compliance rate of blood pressure was 95.95% （71/74）， was higher than 84.93% （62/73） in control group （χ²=5.171， P<0.05）. The compliance rate of blood fat was 87.84% （65/74）， which was higher than 72.60% （53/73） （χ²=5.386， P<0.05）. Conclusion:Qingfei Xiegantang can regulate the obesity， blood pressure， blood glucose and blood lipid components of MS， relieve clinical symptoms， improve IR， insulin sensitivity and islet β cell function， reduce inflammatory reaction， and increase vascular endothelial function of people of taiyin constitution with metabolic Syndrome.

In recent years, nanoparticle as drug carriers have been widely used in the pharmaceutical field. For some poorly soluble drugs or drugs with strong toxicity and side effects, the design of different nano drug carriers can help achieve improved solubility and targeted therapy. The nano targeted drug delivery system can deliver drug specifically to the target sites and realize controlled release of drugs, thereby increasing the bioavailability and efficacy of drugs and reducing the toxicity and side effects. In this paper, the recent progress in studies on the design of nanoparticles, their biological effects, and their application in the field of medicine are reviewed.

Objective To disclose the molecular mechanism of calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (CG) accumulation in Astragalus membranaceus, we cloned PAL genes and analyzed the expression patterns of them and changes of CG contents in different tissues of A. membranaceus. Methods PAL genes were cloned with the methods of homology cloning and RACE technique using the total RNA as template and the analysis of bioinformatics on the cloned genes was carried out, gene expressions in root, stem, and leaf were determined with real-time PCR method, and CG content in root, stem, and leaf were analyzed by HPLC methods. Results Three PAL genes were cloned from A. membranaceus. The genbank accession number was KY086279 (AmPAL1), KY086280 (AmPAL2), and KY086281 (AmPAL3), respectively; The full-length cDNA of them was 2 508 bp, 2 401 bp, and 2 498 bp, respectively; And they all consisted of 2 157 bp open reading frame encoding 718 amino acids. Deduced AmPAL proteins had typical active sequences of PAL proteins, they were homology with other PAL proteins, and they shared the highest identities with PAL proteins of leguminous plants. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed AmPAL1 belonged to the different sub-class with the sub-class of AmPAL2 and AmPAL3. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that expression levels of AmPALs were different from each other, the expression level of AmPAL1 was the highest, the expression level of AmPAL2 was the next, and that of AmPAL3 was lowest in all detected tissues, and only the expression levels of AmPAL2 was similar to the changes of CG contents in different tissues (root > stem > leaf). Conclusion The cloned AmPAL1, AmPAL2, and AmPAL3 from A. membranaceus were typical genes of PAL, each might have different function in developing of different tissues, and AmPAL2 might involve in CG accumulation in different tissues.

Objective To analyze the content changes of six kinds of ginsenosides Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rg3, Rh1, and Rh2 after pulping of mountain cultivated ginseng. Methods The HPLC-UV method was performed on an Innoval ODS-2 chromatographic column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), gradient elution of acetonitrile and water with column temperature 30 ℃, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and detected at 203 nm with injection volume as 20.0 μL. Results The content of six kinds of ginsenosides Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rg3, Rh1 and Rh2 were changed from 0.651, 0.506, 0.363, 0.014, 0.023, 0.031 mg/g to 0.517, 0.413, 0.105, 0.122, 0.214, 0.098 mg/g after pulping of mountain cultivated ginseng. The calibration curve was liner within 2.5-100 mg/L for ginsenoside Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rg3, Rh1, and Rh2, respectively, with the correlation r2 > 0.999 5 and perfect precision, stability, and repeatability. The average recoveries ranged from 95% to 105%, and RSD values varied from 1.25% to 3.5%. Conclusion The content of six kinds of ginsenosides Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rg3, Rh1, and Rh2 in mountain cultivated ginseng were changed after the pulping. The content of ginsenoside Re, Rg1, and Rb1 was reduced and rare ginsenoside Rg3, Rh1, and Rh2 was increased by 8.7 times, 9.3 times, and 3.2 times respectively after the pulping. The HPLC method for simultaneous determination of six kinds of ginsenosides has good accuracy and reliability and can provide scientific basis for the quality evaluation of mountain cultivated ginseng pulp.

Objective: To investigate the effect of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and estradiol on the biological behavior of breast cancer 4T1 cells of the mice, and to elucidate its mechanism. Methods: The 4T1 cells were cultured in vitro and added with different concentrations (0. 12. 5 . 25.0 . 50.0 and 100.0 fig • L 1 ) of IL-4 or estradiol (0. 6. 25. 12. 50. 25. 00 and 50.00 nmol • L ' ). The proliferation rate of the breast cancer 4T1 cells was measured by MTT method after treated for 72 h. The breast cancer 4T1 cells were divided into control group (without any treatment). IL-4 group (treated with 50. 0/ig • L 1 IL-4). estradiol group (treated with 12. 50 nmol • L 1 estradiol) and combination group (treated with 50. 0/ig • L 1 IL-4 + 12.50 nmol • L ' estradiol). MTT method was used to detect the proliferation rates of the breast cancer 4T1 cells in various groups, and flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of the breast cancer 4T1 cells in different cell cycles in various groups, and Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of STAT6. p-ST AT 6. ERa. Erk. p-Erk. P70S6K. p-P70S6K. $6. and p-S6 in the breast cancer 4T1 cells in various groups. Results: Compared with 0 fig • L 1 IL-4 group, the proliferation rates of the breast cancer 4T1 cells in 25. 0» 50. 0 and 100. 0/ig • L 1 IL-4 groups were increased ( P< 0.05); compared with 0 nmol • L 1 estradiol groups, the proliferation rates of the breast cancer 4T1 cells in 12.50. 25. 00 and 50.00 nmol • L 1 estradiol groups were increased ( P<0.05). Compared with control group, the proliferation rate of the breast cancer 4T1 cells in IL-4 group was increased ( P-'CO. 05); compared with control group, the proliferation rate of the breast cancer 4T1 cells in estradiol group was increased ( P<0. 05); compared with IL-4 group or estradiol group, the proliferation rate of the breast cancer 4T1 cells in combination group was increased (P<0. 05). Compared with control group, the percentages of the breast cancer 4T1 cells at S phase and G/M phase in IL-4 group were increased (P∗C0. 05). and the percentage of the breast cancer 4T1 cells at G and Gi phases were decreased (P°-C0. 05); compared with control group, the percentage of the breast cancer 4T1 cells at S phase in estradiol group was increased ( P<0. 05). and the percentages of the breast cancer 4T1 cells at G and Gi phases were decreased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the expression levels of ERa. p-Erk. p-P70S6K. and p-$6 in the breast cancer 4T1 cells in IL-4 group were increased ( P<0. 05). while the expression levels of p-$TAT6. ERa. p-Erk. p-P70$6K. $6. and p-$6 in the breast cancer 4T1 cells in estradiol group were increased (P<0.05); the expression levels of STAT6. p-$TAT6. ERa. p-ERK. p-P70$6K. and p-$6. in the breast cancer 4T1 cells in combination group were increased (P-C0. 05). Conclusion: The combination of IL-4 and estradiol can increase the expressions of IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) and estrogen receptor ( ER). and enhance the activation of Erkl. p70$6K kinase and phosphorylation of downstream $6 protein in the breast cancer 4T1 cells.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Rhaponticum uniflorum extract (RUE) on angiogenesis and apoptosis of H22 transplanted tumor tissue in mice. METHODS: Mice bearing H22 hepatoma cells were randomly assigned into 5 groups: model, high, medium and low dose RUE, and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) group. The intervention was lasted for 10 d. The pathological changes were detected with hematoxylin & eosin (HE) staining, the apoptosis of hepatoma cells were determined by DNA laddering method, the microvessel densities (MVD) were detected using immunohistochemical assay, and the protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) were detected by Western blot method. RESULTS: RUE treatment reduced the cell proliferation, aggravated the necrosis of transplanted tumor tissue, reduced DNA fragmentation of H22 hepatoma cells, decreased MVD of tumor tissue, and down-regulated the protein expression of VEGF, VEGFR2 and HIF-1α of the transplanted tumor tissue, as compared with the model group. CONCLUSION: RUE could exhibit anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic effects against H22 hepatoma cells in mice, and its anti-angiogenic mechanism is probably related to down-regulation of VEGF, VEGFR2 and HIF-1α proteins.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of different solvent fractions of Boschniakia rossica on acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in mice. METHODS: The mice were randomly assigned to the normal control, model control, bifendate (positive control), as well as groups of different solvent fractions of Boschniakia rossica. Animals were treated once daily for 7d. APAP were given intraperitoneally to the mice of groups, then the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by the colorimetric method. RESULTS: The administration with butanol soluble fraction and aqueous fraction oi Boschniakia rossica reduced the serum ALT and AST activities, increased the scrum ALB level, decreased the hepatic ROS, LPO and MDA levels, increased the CAT, GPx, SOD activities and GSH level, increased the Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities of liver mitochondria, and decreased hepatic iNOS activity and NO level of liver in mice with acute liver injury. CONCLUSION: The different solvent fractions of Boschniakia rossica have protective effects on acute liver injury induced by APAP in mice, probably via anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in the stems of Acanthopanax senticosus from Changbai Mountain area.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Rhaponticum uniflorum water extract (RUWE) on the oxidative stress and DNA damage of liver with an acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. METHODS: Mice were randomly assigned to the normal control, model, bifendate (BFD), as well as high and low dose groups of RUWE. Animals were treated once daily for 7 d. At the end of the experiment, CCl4 was given intraperitoneally to the mice of groups, then the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase were detected with the colorimetric method, and DNA damage was analyzed using the electrophoretic method. RESULTS: The administration with RUWE reduced the serum activities of ALT and AST, decreased the LOOH and MDA contents of liver, increased the CAT, GSH-Px, total SOD, Mn-SOD activities and GSH level of liver, increased the Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities of liver mitochondria, and reduced the DNA damage of hepatocyte in mice with acute liver injury. CONCLUSION: RUWE has protective effect on acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice, probably via reduction of the oxidative stress and DNA damage of liver tissue.