10.3969/j.issn.1000-3606.2013.06.004

Objective To identify the glycometabolism features ofC57BL/Ksj db/+ mice at gestational period and provide the evidence for the mice used as the animal model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods Ten C57BL/Ksj db/+ female mice and ten wild female mice were randomly selected and mated with wild male mice respectively.Day 3 before mating,days 6,11 and 17 of pregnancy,and day 6 after delivery represented pre pregnancy,early-pregnancy,mid-pregnancy,late-pregnancy and post-pregnancy periods,respectively.The levels of glucose tolerance and fasting insulin of female mice were compared at progestation,different gestational periods and puerperium between the two groups.Days 6,11,14,17 and 20 (before labor) of pregnancy served as five time-points of pregnancy,leptin levels of female mice of the two groups were dynamically monitored during pregnancy,and analyzed at different gestational ages.The data were analyzed by Tukey test of one-way ANOVA.Results (1) Compared with the normal pregnant mice,the levels of glucose tolerance of C57BL/Ksj db/+ female mice were significantly decreased,while the levels of fasting insulin were dramatically increased with the progression of pregnancy [day 6 of pregnancy,(8.6 ± 0.6) mU/L vs (7.5 ±1.1) mU/L; day 11 of pregnancy,(9.8±0.6) mU/L vs (8.5± 1.1) mU/L; day 17 of pregnancy,(10.4±0.8) mU/L vs (9.9±0.5) mU/L; t=1.859,4.056 and 3.078,P=0.085,0.000 and 0.000] and recovered to the pre-pregnancy level after delivery.(2) The level of leptin in serum of C57BL/Ksj db/+ pregnant mice was significantly higher than that at non-pregnant period [pre-pregnancy and days 6,11,14,17 and 20 of pregnancy:(911.0±238.8) ng/L,(1 342.2± 132.3) ng/L,(1 821.9±238.2) ng/L,(1 816.3± 142.3) ng/L,(1 752.4± 126.6) ng/L,and (1 926.4±61.6) ng/L,respectively; t=3.887,8.210,8.161,7.585 and 9.153,P=0.005,0.000,0.000,0.000 and 0.000],but showed no apparent change with the gestational ages after mid-gestation.Conclusion Changes of glycometabolism and the levels of leptin and insulin of C57BL/Ksj db/+ pregnant mice during pregnancy are similar to those of GDM patients,the levels of fasting insulin are dramatically increased with the progression of pregnancy,and return to normal after delivery,the level of leptin is higher than that at non-pregnant period,but is not correlated with the gestational ages.C57BL/Ksj db/+ pregnant mice can be used as the animal model of GDM.

Objective To study the expression of CDK4 andβ-Catenin and their relevance in glioma. Methods We used immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of CDK4 andβ-Catenin in forty-five glio-ma tissues and eight normal tissues.According to the classification standard of WHO in 2000 classify and grade the tissues.Results There were significant differences of CDK4 andβ-Catenin expressions between normal tis-sues and glioma tissues(P<0.01).The expression of CDK4 and β-Catenin had positive correlation with the pathological grades of glioma and histological type and increased(P <0.05).Furthermore,the expression of CDK4 was positively correlated with the expression ofβ-Catenin in glioma(r=0.52,P<0.01).Conclusion The increased expression of CDK4 andβ-Catenin may have correlation with malignant change of glioma and oc-curance of glioblastoma,and their combination is expected to become an important indicator in assessing malignant glioma.

Objective To characterize the effects of AQP1 expression on kidney damage in rat disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC) caused by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) dosing. Method Fifty male Wistar rats (clean grade) were randomly assigned into 5 groups of 10 rats. The 10 control rats were dosed with 10 ml of 0.9%NaCl solution by a drip via the vena caudalis within 4 h, and blood and tissues were obtained after treatment completion. In the DIC groups, the rats were dosed with LPS (30 mg/kg body weight in 10 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution) by a drip via the vena caudalis within 4 h, and blood and tissues were obtained at 4, 6, 8 and 10 h. The blood platelet(PLT) count, prothrombin time(PT) , activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), fibrin(FIB) and D-dimer(D-D) were detected. Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining was used to examine the pathologic changes in the lung and kidney tissues of each group (both hematologic parameters and tissue pathologic changes were used to judge the course of DIC). The AQP1 gene expression levels in the kidney tissues from the groups were evaluated by the mRNA levels using RT-PCR. Statistical analyses were performed by the SNK- q method. Results The PLT count, PT, APTT, FIB and D-D examinations revealed remarkable changes in all DIC groups compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The AQP1 mRNA level was significantly decreased in the DIC group at 4 h compared with the control group (P < 0.01) , and further decreased to the minimum level in the DIC group at 6 h. Moreover, cloudy swelling of renal tubular cells was observed at 6 h and cell degeneration and necrosis were observed at 8 h among the DIC groups. Conclusions Downregulation of AQP1 mRNA expression occurred before damage to the renal tubular cells in DIC, indicating that AQP1 expression may be involved in the kidney damage observed in rat DIC.

Spontaneous splenic rupture in acute leukemiapatients was rarely seen and the prognosis was ex-tremely bad. In this article the authors discussedthe early diagnosis, mechanism and treatment ofsplenic rupture in acute leukemia patients on thebasic of 3 cases treaed in our hospital. The authorsrecognized that it was a useful diagnostic methodto chech up with "B" model utrasound wave andthat to conduct splenectomy was an effectivemethod of live-saving treatment.

Objective To study the relationship between expression of G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) in gallbladder mucosa and formation of lithogenic bile in patients with gallstones.Methods Gallbladder mucosa,gallbladder wall,bile and plasma were collected from 34 patients with gallstone (GS) and 15 individuals who were gallstone free (GSF).The gallbladder wall was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry to detect pathologic changes and expressions of GPBAR1,mucin 1 (MUC1) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC).Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test mRNA expressions of GPBAR1,MUC1 and MUC5AC in the gallbladder mucosa.The contents of total cholesterol (TC),total bile acid (TBA),triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma and cholesterol,TBA,phospholipid (PL) and mucin in the bile of gallbladder were measured.Results The gallbladder mucosa in all GS patients showed chronic inflammation on hematoxylin-eosin staining.The expressions of GPBAR1 and MUC5AC were more markedly increased in the GS group than in the GSFgroup (61.34±8.06 vs.43.05±7.83,P＜0.01; 52.11±9.62 vs.45.05±9.27,P＜0.05).The mRNA expressions of GPBAR1 and MUC5AC in the GS group were also more markedly increased than in the GSR group (0.87±0.07 vs.0.80±0.09,P＜0.05; 1.04±0.22 vs.0.8±0.17,P＜0.01).Serum cholesterol,as well as biliary cholesterol,cholesterol mol percentage,cholesterol saturation index and mucin in the GS group were more significantly higher than in the GSF group (5.07±1.64 vs.3.62±1.42,P＜0.01; 17.23±3.67 vs.12.47±2.31,P＜0.01; 7.47±0.65 vs.5.05±0.24,P＜0.01; 1.03±0.58 vs.0.69±0.38,P＜0.01; 92.02±20.89 vs.76.36±19.71,P＜0.05).Biliary total bile acids and bile acids mol percentage were lower in the GS group than in the GSF group (162.68±20.19 vs.180.21±26.05,P＜0.05; 71.28±1.84 vs. 73.29±0.96,P＜0.01). In the GS group,there were negative correlations between the mRNA expression of GPBAR1 and biliary TBA (γ=-0.341,P＜0.05).There were negative correlations in the GS group between the GPBAR1 expression and the level of biliary TBA (γ=- 0.403,P＜0.05),and between the GPBAR1 expression and the level of biliary total lipid (γ=-0.365,P＜0.05).Conclusions This study shows an increase in expression of GPBAR1 in gallbladder mucosa in patients with GS.It is suggested that GPBAR1 may accelerate formation of lithogenic bile by inducing re-absorption of bile acid.

Objective To investigate the effect of fasudil on vascular endothelial function in patients with coronary slow flow( CSF) . Methods Eighty?two patients with CSF and normal coronary angiography were selected and randomly divided into conventional treatment group and fasudil group, 41 cases in each group. Patients in conventional treatment group were given conventional treatment( aspirin,nitrates and atorvasta?tin) ,while patients in the fasudil group were given fasudil on the basis of conventional treatment. The angina pectoris,TIMI,endothelial?dependent flow?mediated vasodilation( FMD) ,the levels of plasma nitric oxide( NO) , endothelin?1( ET?1) and Rho kinase( ROCKI) of the brachial artery were observed in the two groups before and after two weeks of treatment. Results The total effective rate of fasudil group was 87. 80%,higher than that of conventional treatment group of 65. 85%,the difference was significant(χ2=68. 176,P<0. 05) . TIMI,FMD im?proved in the fasudil group after treatment compared with before treatment, the difference was significant ( t =4. 37,4. 43;P<0. 05);plasma NO level increased compared with before treatment(t=5. 63,P<0. 01),while ROCKI,ET?1 level decreased(t=6. 19,5. 66;P<0. 01). Plasma NO,ET?1,ROCKI and FMD,TIMI of conven?tional treatment had no significantly changes before and after treatment(P<0. 05). The post?treatment of NO, FMD,TIMI levels in fasudil group were significantly increased compared with conventional group ( ( 36. 17 ±7. 64) μmol/L vs. (24. 99±8. 96) μmol/L,(9. 96±1. 76)% vs. (5. 86±1. 45)%,17. 53±5. 81 vs. 29. 71 ±7. 83;t=4. 06,4. 18,5. 41;P<0. 05),while ROCKI,ET?1 levels in fasudil group were significantly decreased compared with conventional group((19. 57±1. 33) μg/L vs. (34. 38±1. 51) μg/L,(14. 36±6. 05) ng/L vs. (20. 95±6. 57) ng/L;t=3. 87,4. 36,P<0. 01). Conclusion Fasudil can significantly improve the vascular en?dothelial function in patients with CSF.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the rescue and treatment of critical children with tracheobronchial foreign body. METHODS From June 2011 to June 2015,there were 2489 children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies treated in Children's Hospital of HeBei Province, among which 11critical children who were rescued as soon as they came to the hospital. The clinical data of the 11critical children were analyzed. RESULTS All the 11 critical cases endured dyspnea of third degree or more severe and presented severe hypoxia, in which 2 children had been performed tracheal intubation before they came to the hospital and 1 child even showed the symptom of respiratory and cardiac arrest. Among these critical cases, the foreign body was removed directly without anesthesia in 1 child. The other 2 children with severe pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema and subcutaneous emphysema in neck and chest area were treated by excision and drainage of emphysema firstly, and then the foreign bodies were extracted through bronchoscope after general anesthesia. The another 8 children were performed operations of extraction of bronchial foreign body and then the foreign bodies were taken out. All the 11 critical children were rescued successfully and no death cases happened. CONCLUSION Rapid diagnosis and rapid removal of foreign bodies is the key to save the lives of critical children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies.

Objective To explore the best treatment strategy of pyogenic brain abscesses.Methods Clinical data of 45 patients(34 males and 11 females,ages ranged from 7 to 76 years,averaged 42.6 years) with brain abscess treated from January 1999 to March 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 45 patients,there were 40 with single brain abscess and 5 with multiple brain abscess;43 with unilocular abscess and 2 with multilocular abscess.19 patients accepted the conservative treatment with the third generation cephalosporin,16 were treated with stereotactic puncture of abscess,8 treated with stereotactic puncture and drainage,and microsurgical excision was performed in 5 patients.Results Of the 19 patients treated with conservative method,16 were cured,no recurrence was found during the follow-up period(from 6 months to 5 years) in 13 patients,and another 3 were deteriorated and accepted stereotactic operation.All the stereotactic operations were carried successfully out in 24 patients(including 3 cases after expectant treatment failure) and only one patient needed another stereotactic aspiration two weeks later because of abscess recurrence after the initial operation.Epileptic seizure was found in one patient at the end of stereotactic procedure.Total removal of brain abscess was performed by microsurgical craniotomy in 5 patients.At the time of discharge,clinical symptoms disappeared or were improved remarkably,and CT or MRI re-examination disclosed the disappearance or obviously diminution of abscess in all patients.No abscess recurred during the follow-up period(from 4 months to 3 years,average 14 months) in 22 patients.Conclusion A set of treatment strategy of pyogenic brain abscesses has been proposed and stereotactic operation seems to be the most appropriate surgical choice.

Objective To analyze the early risk factors of overweight and obesity in preschool children.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling,the data of 1 335 preschool children's physical examination in High-tech Zone,Urumqi,Xinjiang were collected,and the case group had 153 overweight and obese children,the control group had 1 182 non-overweight and obese children;a case-control study was conducted.The basic data of mothers and the basic data of neonatal birth were analyzed retrospectively.The univariate and unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children in High-tech Zone in Urumqi was 11.5％.Non-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that children's age (OR=1.31,95％ CI:1.07-1.61),mother's pre-pregnancy BMI (OR=1.11 95 ％,CI:1.06-1.17) and whether mothers had gestational hypertension (OR=1.99 95％,CI:1.03-3.85) were the risk factors for overweight and obesity in preschool children (P＜0.05).Conclusion In Urumqi high school district preschool children's overweight and obesity rate was high;mothers with high BMI before pregnancy,and those with high blood pressure during pregnancy can increase the risk of overweight and obesity in children,preschool children's increased age may increase the risk of overweight and obesity in children.