Objective: To examine the correlation between paliperidone plasma concentration and clinical efficacy in the patients with schizophrenia. Methods:Totally 50 schizophrenia patients were treated by paliperidone. The plasma concentration of paliperidone was monitored by RP-HPLC at the weekend of the 2 nd, 4 th and 6 th week, the clinical efficacy was evaluated using the positive and negative syndrome scale ( PANSS) , and the correlation between paliperidone plasma concentration and clinical efficacy was analyzed. Results:The mean plasma concentration of paliperidone was (31. 89 ± 17. 36) ng·ml-1 at the weekend of the 6th week, and no cor-relation was found between paliperidone plasma concentration and the clinical efficacy (r=0. 146,P=0. 074). Paliperidone plasma concentration in 12 patients with adverse drug reactions (ADR) was higher than that in the patients without ADR [(45. 87 ± 19. 21)ng ·ml-1 vs (27. 06 ± 11. 13) ng·ml-1, P <0. 01]. Conclusion: Paliperidone plasma concentration shows significant individual differences. With the increase of paliperidone plasma concentration, clinical efficacy isn't necessarily improved, while the incidence of ADR may be increased. Therefore, the monitoring of paliperidone plasma concentration is recommended to optimize the therapeutic reg-imen.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Genistein (GST) on cell cycle and apoptosis in PC12 cells transfected App695MT gene.MethodsPC12 cells were transfected with pIRES2-EGFP plasmid or pIRES2-EGFP/APP695MT expression plasmid,and then were divided into control vectortransfected group,APP695 transfected group and GST treatment group.Flow cytometry was applied to detect cell cycle and apoptosis,laser confocal microscope was used to observe morphological changes of cell apoptosis.ResultsCompared with control vectortransfected group,PC12 cells in APP695 transfected group increased significantly in G0 and G1 phase,and less into S phase,cell proliferation index was decreased significantly( (55.6 ±0.57)％,P＜0.0l ),apoptosis rate was increased significantly( (77.10 ± 12.53)％,P＜0.01 ).Emitted red fluorescence increased significantly when cell death,cell body swelling,organelle disintegration,nuclear condensation or fragmentation.Compared with APP695 transfected group,PC12 cells in GST( 15μ mol/L) treatment group,decreased significantly in G0 and G1 phase,and more into S phase,cell proliferation index was increased significantly ( ( 61.57 ± 0.47 ) ％,P ＜ 0.01 ),apoptosis rate was decreased significantly ( (46.00 ± 8.43 ) ％,P ＜ 0.01 ).Cell death was significantly reduced red fluorescence,emitted green fluorescence was significantly enhanced,compared with APP695 transfected group cell morphology improved.ConclusionGST can improve APP695MT gene caused cell cycle arrest,promote cell to S phase transition,reduce apoptosis rate in PC12 cells,and have a protective effect on transfected cells.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the differences in functional fitness between older adults who were at risk of falling and those who were not. METHODS: A total of 104 older adults aged 65-74 years were recruited from a local community senior center. They were independent older adults without a history of falls in the preceding 12 months. Falling risk status was assessed using the Fall Risk Test. Five dimensions of functional fitness with seven testing parameters (i.e., 30-second chair stand test, 30-second arm curl test, 2-minute step test, chair sit and reach test, back scratch test, 8-foot up and go test, and body mass index) were evaluated by the Senior Fitness Test. RESULTS: Only 78 participants completed all the tests, of which 48 participants were identified with risk of falling, and 30 participants were free from risk of falling. Results from multivariate analysis of variance found significant differences on the combined outcome variables, especially in the 8-foot up and go test, 2-minute step test, and 30-second arm curl test. Results from discriminant analysis found a significant discriminant function among all the seven testing parameters, where the 8-foot up and go test, and the 2-minute step test contributed most. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults who are at the early stage of risk of falling tend to have lower functional fitness capacities, especially in agility and dynamic balance, aerobic endurance as well as in a combined relationship among all the testing parameters.
*Accidental Falls ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*physiology ; Female ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Male ; *Physical Fitness ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND:Neural stem cells have self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential, but under normal circumstances, the number of neural stem cells is less, and most cells are in the resting state. Thus, to promote the proliferation of neural stem cells is the key to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of osthole on the proliferation of neural stem cells cultured in vitro, and to analyze its mechanism underlying promoting the proliferation. METHODS:Neural stem cells were cultured in vitro, and passage 3 cells were cultured with different concentrations of osthole(10, 50 and 100μmol/L). After 24 hours, cellvitality was determined by cellcounting kit-8. After 3, 5, 7 days of further culture, the radius of neurospheres was measured, and Ki67-positive cells were counted by immunofluorescence staining. Meanwhile, after 3 days of further culture, the gene expression of Notch 1, Hes 1 and Mash 1 in neural stem cells was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, 50, 100μmol/L osthole could obviously promote the proliferation ability of neural stem cells. 100μmol/L osthole had the most significant effect and increased the expression of Notch 1 gene, Hes 1 gene, but it had no effect on Mash 1 gene. These results suggest that osthole can promote proliferation of neural stem cells cultured in vitro and its mechanism may be associated with activation of Notch 1 gene and Hes 1 gene in Notch signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects of osthole on the nerves in model mice with craniocerebral injury. METHODS:Mice models of craniocerebral injury were established by craniotomy drill. There was a sham-operation group(isomet-ric normal saline),a model group (isometric normal saline) and osthole high,mediu,low dose groups (30,20,10 mg/kg). The drugs were given to the mice 1 h after successful establishment of the models,ip,once a day,for consecutive 14 d. Neurological severity score was conducted for the mice 12 h,3 d,7 d,14 d and 21 d after the establishment of models;HE stain was conduct-ed 7 d and 14 d thereafter and the wounds areas of brain were observed by microscope;the activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)in the homogenate of mice’s brain tissues were determined 1 d and 3 d after the establishment of models;immunohistochemical meth-od was adopted to determine the expressions of the brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and neurotrophic factor (NT) 3 in the mice’s brain tissues 7 d after the establishment of models. RESULTS:Compared with model group,the neurological severity scores of the mice in osthole high dose group and medium dose group were decreased 3 d,14 d and 21 d after the establishment of models;that in osthole high dose group were decreased 7 d after the establishment of models. The wounds areas of brain in osthole high dose group were smaller 7 d after the establishment of models;those in osthole high dose group and medium dose group were smaller 14 d after the establishment of models. The activity of MPO in the brain tissue in osthole high dose group was decreased 24 h and 72 h after the establishment of models.The expressions of the BDNF and NT-3 in the brain tissue homogenate in osthole high dose group and medium dose group were increased 7 d after the establishment of models,with significant differences(P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Osthole has certain protective effects on the nerves in mice with craniocerebral injury. The mechanism may be related to improving the mice’s neurological functions,promoting wound healing,inhibiting the production of inflammato-ry factors,increasing the expression of neurotrophic factors.

Aim To investigate the effects of osthol on cell apoptosis and inflammatory cell infiltration after brain stab wound injury in mice. Methods The mice underwent the stab wound injury by a needle, then were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, osthol 10, 20, 30 mg · kg-1 treatment group. The main examinations included mice brain wa-ter content; the apoptotic cytokines Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 mRNA expression were assessed by PT-PCR; immunohistochemistry staining was used to de-tect neutrophils (MPO) and microglia (Iba-1) infiltra-tion and Caspase-3 positive cell expression around in-jured lesions. Results Treatment with osthole 20, 30 mg·kg-1 group significantly reduced the water content in injured brain, improved the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and reduced the expression of apoptosis cytokine Caspase-3 mRNA. Osthole 30 mg·kg-1 treatment group obvious-ly reduced the infiltration of neutrophils and microglial cells and significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells around the injured cerebral cortex. Conclusion Osthole has therapeutic effect on stab wound injury in mice, and the possible mechanism may be by reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and reducing apop-totic cells.

Aim To investigate the effect of osthole on neuron synapses infected APP gene and its underlying mechanism. Methods The neurons were divided into three groups:GFP, APP, APP+Ost groups. The neu-rons were infected APP gene with containing mutational site in vitro for mimicking the characterstics of Alzhei-mer’ s disease ( AD) . The cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 , the expression of synapsin-1 was deter-mined by immunofluorescence, and the concentration of PSD-95 and SYP were detected by ELISA. The ex-pressions of Aβ1-42 , CAMKK2 , phoshorylated AMPKα1 , AMPKα1 protein were determined by West-ern blot. Results Strong APP staining was visible in neurons infected with APP and abundant expression of Aβ1-42 , a neurotoxic oligomer. Compared with APP group, APP+Ost group significantly increased cell vi-ability, promoted the expression of synapsin-1, up-reg-ulated the concentration of PSD-95 and SYP, and de-creased the expressions of CAMKK2 and p-AMPKα1 . Conclusions Ost can protect the neuron synapses a-gainst infected with APP gene. Its neuroprotective effect may be related to inhibiting the CAMKK2/AMPK signal pathway.

Objective To analyze the early risk factors of overweight and obesity in preschool children.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling,the data of 1 335 preschool children's physical examination in High-tech Zone,Urumqi,Xinjiang were collected,and the case group had 153 overweight and obese children,the control group had 1 182 non-overweight and obese children;a case-control study was conducted.The basic data of mothers and the basic data of neonatal birth were analyzed retrospectively.The univariate and unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity in preschool children in High-tech Zone in Urumqi was 11.5％.Non-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that children's age (OR=1.31,95％ CI:1.07-1.61),mother's pre-pregnancy BMI (OR=1.11 95 ％,CI:1.06-1.17) and whether mothers had gestational hypertension (OR=1.99 95％,CI:1.03-3.85) were the risk factors for overweight and obesity in preschool children (P＜0.05).Conclusion In Urumqi high school district preschool children's overweight and obesity rate was high;mothers with high BMI before pregnancy,and those with high blood pressure during pregnancy can increase the risk of overweight and obesity in children,preschool children's increased age may increase the risk of overweight and obesity in children.

Objective To develop a scale of assessing inpatient′s risk factors of chemotherapy drugs permeability. Methods Designed a questionnaire for expert information collecting based on literature review,and employed the Delphi method to develop a set of indicators to measure inpatient′s effective store seepage risk factors. Fifteen experts finished the 2-round survey. Results Expert's enthusiasm was high, the two rounds of enquiry for effective questionnaire recovery rate was 100%. Expert's authority was very high, the average duration of clinical practice was 23.8 years, the average duration of nursing management was 13.1 years, the rate of familiarity about this kind of research was 100%, the recognition degree in the accumulation of theoretical knowledge, the clinical practice and the home or abroad research degree was 93%, 100%and 73%respectively. Two rounds of enquiry for expert advice of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.96 and 0.98 respectively, experts tend to agree that the scale had good consistency, high credibility, delivery system eventually formed contains, vein, the static drop time (static) chemotherapy, more routine chemotherapy, liquid type, drug factors, social support, cooperation degree, liquid volume, mission 11 dimensions such as level of understanding, the nurse puncture store effective seepage risk factors assessment of 42 items. Conclusion The inpatient′s effective store seepage risk factor assessment scale developed by using the Delphi method is reliable for assessing effective store seepage risk factor of hospitalized patients .

[Summary] The clinical and genetic characteristics of a patient with male pseudohermaphroditism, being considered as an isolated 17, 20-lyase deficiency case, were analyzed. The social gender of the patient aged 30-year-old was female. The patient presented with 46, XY karyotype, unclosed epiphysis, after perineal block resection, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, while the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids hormone was intact. A503V heterozygous mutation in exon 13 and a deletion in intron 11 of POR gene were detected. The gene mutations may lead to the occurrence of the isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency.