Objective To evaluate the indications,complications and efficacy of permanent interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. Methods Five patients (mean age,73 years;range,59~84 years) with clinically localized stage T 2b to T 3 adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy using the transrectal ultrasound guided transperineal implantation technique and Prowess 2.42 treatment planning system.The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 18 months. Results After implantation,the PSA levels of the 5 patients were decreased significantly and were all less than 0.5 ng/ml at 12th post-implant month;and the prostate volume shrunk from the third month. In the early period after the implantation all the patients complained of some voiding problems and had a noticed increase of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS),with the decrease of urinary flow rate.But the conditions improved gradually from the third month. No serious complications such as hematuria, bloody stool and rectal ulcer were found in this group. Conclusions Permanent interstitial brachytherapy has better efficacy,fewer complications and more radiation safety in the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer.

Objective To evaluate the value of fractionated stereotatic radiation therapy (FSRT)(X knife) as a boost for recurrent or residual nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) at the primary focus. Methods From Sept.20, 1995 to Dec.30,1998, 50 such patients were treated by FSRT with 6 MV photons. The total FSRT dose was 24～30?Gy prescribed at 1～4 centers on the 60%～90% isodose curves normalized to isocenter by multifractions of fraction size 6～8?Gy, 12,15?Gy, with interfraction duration of 4～6 days. Results CR 38/50 (76%), PR 9/50 (18%) and in evaluated 3/50 (6%). Total survivals(Kaplan meier):1 yr 83.6%, 2 yr 65.0% and 3 yr 59.6% . Conclusion Fractionated stereotatic radiotherapy (FSRT) is strongly indicated for recurrent or residual NPC at the primary focus.

Objective Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of arsernic trioxide(As2O3) on telomerase activity and cellular apoptosis of human colon cancer cell line CCL-187.Methods CCL-187 cells were divided into control group,1.0 ?mol?L-1As2O3 group and 2.5 ?mol?L-1As2O3 group,all groups were cultivated for 1 to 6 d.The inhitory rate of cell growth was detected by MTT assay.The morphologic changes of CCL-187 cells were observed under electron microscope.The expression of hTERT at mRNA level was analyzed by RT-PCR.Telomerase activity was determined by TRAP-PCR-ELISA.Results The differentiation of cells was found in 1.0 ?mol?L-1 As2O3 group,but apoptosis in 2.5 ?mol?L-1 As2O3 group,and at the same time,the telomerase activity was reduced and the hTERT-mRNA expression was downregulate in 1.0 ?mol?L-1 As2O3 group and 2.5 ?mol?L-1 As2O3 group in a time-dependent manner.There were significant differences compated with control group(P

Objective To analyze the characteristics of contributions and the reasons why Chinese authors engaged in scientific research favor to contribute their papers to PLoS One by comparing the papers published in PLoS One and its series by authors from China and other countries.Methods Papers published in PLoS One by Chinese au-thors engaged in scientific research were retrieved from Web of Science by setting the retrieval parameters and ana-lyzed.Results The number of papers published in PLoS One series by authors from China increased rapidly.The number of papers published in PLoS One was significantly larger than that published in other PLoS One series. Conclusion The scientific research scale is unceasingly expanded.Why the Chinese authors engaged in scientific research favor to contribute their papers to PLoS One are due to its attractive power and the guidance of scientific and technological evaluation management in China.

Advances in modern science and technology bring the potential for human performance modification(HPM) which could be a golden opportunity for military medicine.HPM technologies can deepen the extension of military medicine research, provide frontier research achievements, and such innovations will fulfill increasingly sophisticated requirements coming from the military.The pull factor of HPM oriented military medicine is the capacity needs of military personnel to execute military operations.Through the bridge of science and technology, it will meet the demands of maintaining, regener-ating and improving fighting force.

Objective To explore the development regularities and characteristics of child and adoles-cent body composition in Dalian,to provide scientific basis for their healthy growth and basic evidence for nutri-tional status and healthcare,and to accumulate dynamic date for evaluation of children's growth and development in the future.Methods Two primary schools、two secondary schools and one high school in Dalian were en-rolled,where four classes were taken from each grade,and 2 027students aged from 6-18 years were systematical-ly collected.The collected students were given height and weight tests,and body composition was examined with bioelectrical impedance analysis.Overweight and obesity were determined by body fat percent.Results (1 ) Height,weight,body fat percent,fat mass,lean body mass,muscles,bone mass,BMI and basal metabolism rate of the students increased from 6-18 years in Dalian,and the growth curves of boys and girls appear rising tenden-cy,while the percentage of total body water decreased.(2)The muscles,lean body mass and basal metabolism rate were obvious sex differences among all the age groups,and the others were sex difference in part of age. Body fat percent and fat mass of girls were greater than those of boys,while the other indexes of boys were grea-ter.(3)The obesity rate of girls in Dalian was 35.7%,while the boys'was 16.7%.Conclusion (1 )The find-ings were consistent with the growth characteristics of adolescent boys and girls aged 6-18 years in Dalian.(2) The muscles,lean body mass and basal metabolism rate were obvious sex differences among all the age groups, and the others were sex difference in part of age.(3)The obesity rate of students in Dalian was higher than the government standard.

To improve the science principle of input-output evaluation in medical research institutions,this study uses literature research and expert interviews to make a comparison between domestic and foreign evaluation criterion.There are several problems about input-output evaluation in medical research institutions in China,such as less flexibility and targeted methods,inappropriate models,inadequate indicators and quantitative metrics.Seveal combinations of elements should be considered for input-output evaluation in medical research institutions,which is parallels and distinctions,qualitative and quantitative methods,quality and quantity,process and results,focus and full,and also emphasis on the application of information technology.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of tolterodine on late-onset overactive bladder symptoms after prostate brachytherapy due to prostate carcinoma.Methods Twenty-six prostate cancer patients diagnosed by biopsy,who underwent prostate brachytherapy using iodine-125,were recrui(t)ed in this trial.All cascs complained of overactive bladder symptoms 6 months postoperatively.The 26 patients were divided into 2 groups:14 men in tolterodine group (TR group) who were given tolterodine 2 mg twice a day; 12 men in tamsulosin group (TS group) who were given tamsulosin 0.2 mg once a day.Efficacy was assessed by changes in IPSS,OABSS and nighttime voiding at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after medical treatment respectively.Safety was assessed by postvoid residual (PVR) and acute urinary retention (AUR),dry mouth,constipation and tachycardia at the fourth week after medical treatment.Results The age,tumor staging,GS,PSA,initial prostate volume,IPSS,OABSS,nighttime voiding,iodine-125 seeds implanted and needles punctured of both groups were comparable.IPSS,OABSS and nighttime voiding were significantly improved in TR group after 2 weeks of medical treatment and the above parameters were significantly improved than TS group (14.4 vs 18.3,5.9 vs8.4,1.4 vs2.5).OAB symptoms of TR group were also significantly improved than TS group after 4 weeks of therapy.There were no significant differences of PVR and AUR,dry mouth,constipation and tachycardia between both groups.Conclusions Tolterodine is effective and safe in treating late-onset OAB symptoms after prostate brachytherapy,although the occurence of dry mouth and tachycardia might be increased.

Objective A retrospective review of the use of delayed sterna closure (DSC) after pediatric cardiac operations.The purpose of this study is to access the morbidity of DSC and to analyze the risk factors that may predict the need for DSC.Methods Between January 2008 and December 2011,5 546 infants (2 843 males,2 703 females) underwent cardiac operations through midterm sternotomy in Shanghai Children' s Medical Center.Median age was 5 months(1 day to 11 months) and mean weight was 6.1 kg(2.0-12.5 kg).The pathologies included transposition of great artery(TGA),corctation of aorta (CoA),interruption of aortic arch (IAA),pulmonary atresia (PA),truncus arteriosus (Truncus),complete atrioventricular septal defect(CAVSD),total anormalous pulmonary vein connection (TAPVC),double outlet of right ventricle(DORV),tetralogy of Fallot(TOF),and ventricular septal defect(VSD),et al.All hospital records were reviewed and clinical data were studied and analyzed.Results A total of 313 patients had DSC (5.6％).There were 191 males and 122 females.The reasons for DSC are hemodynamic instability in 296,bleeding in 11,and ECMO(or VAD) in 6 patients.Two hundred and fiftyone (80.2％) patients were less than 5 kg,84 (26.8 ％) patients were neonates,and 125 (39.9％) patients aged between one and three months old.The incidences of DSC for these patients were 13.9％,34.4％,and 18.4％ respectively.The diagnosis of complex congenital heart defects had a high risk of DSC.The incidences of DSC for TGA,CoA,IAA,PA,Truncus,CAVSD,TAPVC,and DORV were 28.8％,17.8％,43.1％,9.0％,30.4％,6.5％,and 10.8％ respectively.The DSC patients had longer duration of CPB time(147 min versus 72 min) and clamping time(81 min versus 40 min).In 282 patients the sternums were closed 1-11 days after the initial operation.In 3 cases the trial of closure failed for the first time and succeeded a second time until several days later.Fouty-six patients died ultimately including 15 patients died after the closure of sternum with a total mortality of 14.7 ％.Surgical site infection occurred in 17 patients (5.4％),and surgical intervention were needed in 4 severe cases(1.3％).Conclusion Neonates,an age less than 3 months,weight less than 5 kg,long CPB time and clamping time,and the diagnosis of complex congenital heart defects were risk factors of the need for delayed sterna closure after pediatric cardiac operations.

Background The measurement of corneal Q value is essential for corneal refractive surgery and calculation of intraocular lens during cataract surgery.Topolyzer was often used for the measurement of Q value,and recently Topcon KR-1W and iTrace were applied in ophthalmology.However,whether the measured values are interchangeable is unclear.Objective This study was to assess the difference and consistency of corneal Q values measured by Topcon KR-1W,iTrace and Topolyzer.Methods Corneal Q values were measured on 100 right eyes of 100 healthy subjects under the approval of Ethic Committee of the Sixth Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University and informed consent of each subject from November to December in 2014 with Topcon KR-1W,iTrace and Topolyzer.Three valid measurements were obtained for each device,and the average values from each device were calculated.The difference of the outcomes among the instruments was compared by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA),and the consistency among the outcomes from different apparatus was analyzed by Bland-Altman plots.Results The mean corneal Q values were-0.184-±0.112,-0.117±0.167 and-0.269±0.117 from Topcon KR-1W,iTrace and Topolyzer,respectively,with a significant difference among them (P ＜ 0.001).The measured Q value by Topcon KR-1W was 0.085±0.010 larger than that by Topolyzer,and the Q values by iTrace was 0.152± 0.014 larger than that by Topolyzer,while the Q values obtained by Topcon KR-1W was 0.067±0.016 smaller than that by iTrace (all at P＜0.05).The 95％ confidence interval of the values between Topcon KR-1W and iTrace,Topcon KR-1W and Topolyzer,iTrace and Topolyzer were-0.106 to-0.028,0.060 to 0.109 and 0.118 to 0.186,respectively.Bland-Altman plots showed that 6％,6％ and 5％ values were outside of 95％ agreement of limit (LoA) between Topcon KR-1W and iTrace,iTrace and Topolyzer or KR-1W and Topolyzer,respectively,with the maximal differences of 0.28,0.43 and 0.38.Conclusions Corneal Q values measured by Topcon KR-1W and iTrace are larger than those measured by Topolyzer.Due to the poor agreements among the corneal Q values by the 3 kinds of devices,they are not interchangeable in clinical applications for the measurement of corneal Q value.