Objective Study on the distribution of auto‐antibodies against platelet in adults and children with primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP) .Methods Platelet auto‐antibodies were detected in 83 ITP patients and 58 non‐ITP patients by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (PAKAUTO kit) .Anti‐GP Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a ,GP Ⅰ b/Ⅸ and GP Ⅰ a/Ⅱ a auto‐antibodies were analyzed for 46 a‐dults and 37 children with ITP .Results The positive rate of autoantibody was 66 .27% in ITP patients ,which was much higher than that of non‐ITP patients ,the difference was significant(P < 0 .05) .As for ITP patients ,female ITP patients in adult group were 28 ,while in children group were 24 ,the difference was not significant(P > 0 .05) ,but the morbidity of ITP in females was higher than that of males in both of the two groups ,the difference was significant(P< 0 .05) .There was no significant difference on the distribution of platelet auto‐antibodies in adult and children group(P> 0 .05) ,the main of them was resistance against GP Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a and GP Ⅰ b/Ⅸ antibodies .Conclusion The detection of platelet auto‐antibodies could distinguish ITP and non‐ITP patients ,and GP Ⅰ a/Ⅱ a has an important reference value about therapy .

Objective:To analyse the property of voltage-dependent potassium 〔K(v)〕 channel in healthy people′s peripheral lymphocyte so as to contribute the control for property alteration under some pathological condition,and to try to find the new subset of this channel.Methods:Patch-clamp whole cell recording technique was used.Results:In the recorded 39 cells,activated voltage of the channels was -40.3±2.5 Mv.No inactivation phenomenon appeared under repeated stimulation.The closing time of the channels was 116.3+8.2 ms under the repolarization,and the current could be inhibited by 10 mmol/L TEA.Conclusion:There might be only one type of K(v) channel in human peripheral blood lymphocytes,and its properties quite resumble the type of n K(v) channel in mice.

Objective To understand the therapeutic effect of clindamycin combined with compound sulfamethoxazole tablets on pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP)associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Methods 97 AIDS patients with PCP in a hospital from January 2014 to March 2015 were randomly divided into control group (n=49,received compound sulfamethoxazole )and trial group(n=48,received clindamycin on the basis of com-pound sulfamethoxazole ),levels of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2 ),arterial blood oxygen satu-ration(SaO2 ),serum albumin(ALB),and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)in two groups of patients before and after treatment were recorded.Results Levels of PaO2 ,SaO2 ,ALB,and LDH between two groups of patients before treatment was not significantly different(all P >0.05).After treatment,PaO2 in control group and trial group were (73.01 ±4.62)mmHg and(84.92 ±5.34)mmHg respectively,SaO2 were (75.81 ±4.28)% and(90.86 ±5.94)%respectively,ALB were (32.62±4.41 )g/L and(43.95 ±5.03)g/L respectively,LDH were(416.53 ±30.77)U/L and(331 .58±20.86)U/L respectively,levels of PaO2 and SaO2 in trial group were both higher than control group , difference in ALB and LDH between two groups of patients after treatment were both statistically significant(both P <0.05).The total effective rate of trial group was 89.58% (n=43),which was higher than 69.39%(n=34)in control group (χ2 =6.04,P =0.014).Conclusion Clindamycin combined with compound sulfamethoxazole tablets has good therapeutic effect on AIDS and PCP,which is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective:To study the mathematical relation between the measurements of root canal curvature obtained by Schneider's method(?_S) and Weine's method(?_W).Methods:The axis of a curved root canal was simplified by an arc (whose radius was r and central angle ?) and 2 tangent line segments (whose lengths were l_1 and l_2),the relation of ?_S and ?_W was studied with the help of mathematical analysis according to the different ways of determining the measured angles on the simplified axis.The graphs of the function were analysed.Results:The following formulas were proved:(1)tan?_S=(1-cos?_W+ ksin?_W)/(sin?_W+kcos?_W),k=l_2/r;(2)?_W/2≦?_S≦?_W.If ?_W was in the interval [0,?],a proximate linear correlation existed between ?_S and ?_W.Conclusion:There is a complex function between the 2 angles(?_S and ?_W) measured by Schneider's method and Weine's method,the ratio of the length of the apical straight part to the radius of the canal curvature is an important factor determining the different values of ?_S and ?_W.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of long-term treatment (48 weeks) with tiotropium bromide (5 μg) via Respimat(R) with placebo in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods A total of 338 patients were randomized in this double-blind,placebo controlled,parallel study.All patients received either tiotropium bromide or placebo.Tiotropium bromide solution 5 μg (2 × 2.5 μg/puff) or matching placebo was delivered via Respimat(R) at a dosage of once daily for 48 weeks.Co-primary endpoints were trough forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the time to first exacerbation.Results Statistically significant improvements of both trough FEV1 and trough forced vital capacity (FVC) in the tiotropium group were achieved at weeks 4,24,and 48 compared with those in the placebo group(P ＜ 0.000 1).Tiotropium treatment delayed the time to first exacerbation.The time was 157 days in the tiotropium group and 85 days in the placebo group.A statistically significant difference (P =0.002 7) in favor of tiotropium was also observed.The total numbers of exacerbation during treatment were 90 and 128 in the tiotropium and placebo groups,respectively.The Poisson regression analysis gave a mean exacerbation rate per patient year exposure of 0.67 in the tiotropium group compared to 0.98 in the placebo group with a rate ratio of 0.69 (95％ CI O.50-0.93,P =0.016 4).A much larger improvement from baseline in St.George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) total score was observed for the tiotropium group than in the placebo group(P =0.036 7),SGRQ symptom and activity scores of patients in the tiotropium group were also superior to those of patients receiving placebo.The drugs-related adverse events in the tiotropium and placebo groups were 12 cases and 11 cases,respectively.Conclusions Tiotropium significantly improved lung function and quality of life,delayed the time to first exacerbation,reduced the number of exacerbation.Overall,tiotropium was well tolerated.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a chronic cholestic autoimmune liver disease and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the first-line drug for the treatment.Currently there are several standards applied for the prognostic and therapeutic predictions of PBC,as well as for the guidance of personalized treatment.This paper elucidated the prognostic predicting factors in PBC and their applications in therapy monitoring with UDCA.Current challenges and future research interests are also put forward.

Background and purpose:Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) has both the advantages of T lympho-cytes’ powerful anti-tumor activity and NK cells’ tumor killing capacity without MHC restriction. It could directly kill tumor cells, regulate and enhance immune function, without damaging the structure and functions of the immune sys-tem. Its effects on the treatment of malignant solid tumors has been widely recognized. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-proliferation effects of CIK cells obtained and cultivated from lung cancer patients’ lymph nodes. Meanwhile, the safety of clinical transfusion was observed.Methods:The peripheral blood and lymph nodes of 6 surgery patients with lung cancer from Shanghai Chest Hospital were used to cultivate CIK cells for 14 days. The phenotypes of CIK cells were detected by lfow cytometry. The anti-proliferation activities of CIK cells on A549 lung cancer cells were detected by CCK8 assay. The morphological changes of CIK cells were observed by invert microscope. The expression of CEA level and adverse events were evaluated after CIK transfusion.Results:The proportion of CD3+CD56+T lymphocyte in two groups were both more than 30%. The CCK8 assay showed that the suppression rate of lymph nodes group was higher than that of peripheral blood group at each effect/target ratio(P<0.05). The adverse effect of CIK transfusion was mild and tolerable. The expression of CEA level decreased in patients.Conclusion:Lymph nodes of surgery patients with lung cancer can be used for cultivation of CIK cells. The anti-tumor activity of CIK isolated from lymph nodes is better than that of CIK cells cultivated from peripheral blood. Preclinical experiments showed high safety.

BACKGROUND: Neurological complications after coronary artery bypass grafting still have a high incidence rate, and the etiology is multiple.OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively investigate the occurrence and relevant factors of severe neurological complications after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).METHODS: A total of 761 consecutive patients with undergoing CABG were included in this study from September 2002 to August 2009 at the Nanjing Drumtower Hospital, including 443 males and 318 females, aged from 32-89 years. All patients were grouped according to age(more than or less than 70-year-old) and on pump or off pump coronary surgery. Disclose the relationship between the risk factors and the neurological complications by statistics analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 41 patients had serious neurological complications in this study. There was a higher complication incidence in 570-year-old group patients (n=22) than < 70-year-old group (n=19)(14.9% vs. 3.1%, P< 0.001). The neurological complications incidence was similar in on-Pump CABG group (n =7) and off-Pump CABG group (n = 34) (5.3% vs.5.4%, P=0.39). The incidence rate of severe neurological complications was high in carotid artery stenosis > 50% patients. A total of 8 cases died, 2 for massive hemorrhage of gastrointestinal tract; 1 for severe sepsis; 4 for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome;1 for epilepsia gravior postoperatively. Finally, 33 cases survived. The average time of follow up was 3 years, 3 cases died, 3 cases recovery from limitation of limb or hand movement partly, and 1 case had severe mental retardation. Results displayed that elderly patients(= 70 years) undergoing CABG are at higher risk of neurological dysfunction. Carotid artery stenosis is the most risk factor. There are no significant effects on postoperative complications between on-pump CABG and off-pump CABG.

Objective To investigate the effects of probiotics on the occurrence of ovalbumin (OVA) induced food allergy and the regulatory effects on immune function of rat models. Methods Thirty female Brown-Norway rats aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into blank control group,food allergy group and probiotics intervention group(n=10).The levels of serum OVA-IgE and intestinal sIgA were measured by ELISA method.Splenic lymphocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro,and the Treg lymphocyte subgroups in the spleen were analyzed by flow eytometry.The levels of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured splenic lymphocytes were measured by ELISA method. Results The serum OVA-IgE level in food allergy group was significantly higher than that in blank control group(P<0.05),while that in probiotics intervention group was significantly lower than that in food allergy group(P<0.05).Compared with food allergy group and blank control group,the level of intestinal sIgA in probiotics intervention group was significantly higher(P<0.05).The percentage of CD4~+CD25~+T lymphoeytes in food allergy group was significantly lower than that in blank contml group(P0.05).The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in food allergy group were significantly higher than those in blank control group(P<0.05).Probiotics intervention group had significantly lower levels of IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-γ than food allergy group(P<0.05).The ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in food allergy group was significantly lower than that in blank control group(P<0.05),while that in probiotics intervention group was significantly higher than that in food allergy group(P<0.05). Conclusion Probioties intervention could prevent the occurrence of food allergy in animal models by modulating the Th1/Th2 eytokine balance.

Objective Inquire into the relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)pathogenic factor and Antigangliosides antibody(Anti-GS-Ab)in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods It was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)to the levels of serum Anti-gangliosides(Anti-GS)in 2 DM and DPN as well as healthy.Results The positive rate of Anti-GS-IgM,IgG in DPN group were 46.7% and 20.0%.repectivily it was obviously higher than normal group and 2 DM group.Conclusion The relationship between the DPN and Anti-GS-Ab is a close.It show that Anti-GS-Ab play an important role in DPN pathological process.