Adult ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Estrogens ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; drug therapy ; Progesterone ; therapeutic use

Objective:To choose a best method of estimating the amount of blood loss after cesarean deliveryby comparing of three methods,to analyze the related factors of the amount of the blood loss more than 500ml after cesarean section.Methods:We collected the clinical data of the patients who were accepted cesarean delivery and treated in our hospital between January 2014 and December 2014.We estimate the amount of blood loss by different methods(including visually estimated,hematocrit (HCT) change and formula).Based on the formula method as the gold standard,we analyze the risk factors of the patients whose blood loss were more than 500 ml.Results:Among the 583 patients,using the method of visually estimated,there were 23 cases whose blood loss were more than 500 ml(3.95％),using the method of formula,there were 133 cases whose blood loss were more than 500 ml (22.81％),using the method of HCT change,there were 116 cases whose blood loss were more than 500 ml(19.90％).The incidence of patients whose blood loss were more than 500 ml between HCT change and formula method showed no significant difference(P ＞ 0.05),but the incidence by visually estimated method was less than the two other methods (P ＜ 0.05).We found the value of HCT change was a statistically significant positive correlation with the amount of blood loss more than 500ml.When the blood loss was more than 500 ml,the accuracy and sensitiveness of HCT method were significantly higher than those of visually estimated method(76.69％,87.93％ vs 12.78％,73.91％,respectively).Abnormal labor,uterine leiomyoma,placental factors,and macrosomia were risk factors of cases whose blood loss more than 500ml.Conclusions:HCT method is similar in accessing the blood loss after cesarean section with formula method,especially in the cases whose blood loss was more than 500 ml;HCT method is more convenient than formula method,and more accurate than visually estimated method.HCT method can be used as the standard for estimating blood loss initially,and formula method should be used as the method for estimating the blood loss accurately.Patients with macrosomia and abnormal labor are more likely to occur massive hemorrhage after cesarean section.

Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) is an important cause of ischemic stroke in young adults w ith ischemic stroke. The clinical manifestations are often local facial pain, Horner syndrome, and ischemic stroke. With the development of noninvasive imaging, many patients w ith CeAD have got early diagnosis. Thromboembolism is an important mechanism of its pathogenesis. Timely giving anticoagulation therapy is reasonable. How ever, anticoagulants may lead to intramural hematoma expansion; therefore, there are also people w ho support antiplatelet therapy. How ever, the effectiveness of the 2 regimens needs to be confirmed by randomized trials. The recently completed Cervical Artery Dissection in Stroke Study (CADISS) in patients w ith stroke is the first prospective study aiming at the problem. The results have show ed that there w as no significant difference in efficacy betw een the anticoagulants and the antiplatelet drugs. Thrombolysis in patients w ith acute CeAD can not increase the risks of hemorrhage, and the rate of good functional outcome is similar to that of the control group. Therefore, it can be used as a treatment method in acute phase. For patients w hose antithrombotic treatment is invalid or having contraindications and repeated recurrent stroke can conduct endovascular intervention or surgical treatment. Usualy, the prognosis of patients w ith CeAD is better. The stroke recurrence rate is low . The abnormal arterial w als in more than half of the patients w il disappear at 3 to 6 months.

Objective To detect the expression of aquaporins-8 ( AQP-8 ) in placenta and fetal membrane tissue of pregnant women with hypertensive disorders ,and to explore the role of AQP-8 in the pathogenesis of gesta-tional hypertension .Methods 81 term pregnant women with cesarean section were selected ( including 25 cases hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy,26 cases with preeclampsia,30 cases with normal pregnancy),immu-nohistochemical method was used to detect AQP-8 expression in placenta ,fetal membranes tissue of those 3 groups. Results AQP-8 protein expressed in placenta ,fetal membranes of pregnant women in 3 groups.Mainly in epithelial cells of the amnion , chorionic trophoblast nucleus , syncytiotrophoblast membrane and cytoplasm of placenta .The expression levels of AQP-8 in the amnion of the control group , hypertension group and preeclampsia group were (4.78 ±2.05),(5.45 ±2.08),(6.18 ±2.15),respectively.Those levels in the chorion of three groups were (4.16 ±2.13),(5.04 ±1.92),(5.59 ±2.39),respectively.Those levels in the placenta of three groups were (5.62 ±2.16),(6.01 ±2.30),(7.61 ±2.71),respectively.Expression of AQP-8 protein was gradually increased , and had statistical differences in different places (F=3.121,3.148,5.785,P=0.049,0.048,0.005).The difference of AQP-8 protein expression in amnion of normal group and preeclampsia group was statistically significant (t=2.01, P=0.016).Conclusion Expression of AQP8 protein in placenta and fetal membranes of pregnant women with hypertensive disorder was significantly increased ,and was associated with severity of disease ,it might be involved in the occurrence and development of gestational hypertension .

OBJECTIVE:To facilitate a smooth evolvement of the classified drug control in China.METHODS:The de-velopment of Chinese classified drug control was reviewed and problems in the process of its enforcement were discussed.RES_ ULTS&CONCLUSION:The related laws,codes and policies should be established as soon as possible,and the knowledge of safe drug use should be popularized among the public to facilitate evermore smooth classified drug control.

The molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis still remain unclear.Recent studies have found that zinc finger protein plays critical roles in determining tumor formation,occurrence,development and metastasis.This review summarized the functions of zinc finger protein in breast cancer metastasis.

Objective To explore the short-term efficacy and side effects of recombinant human interferon α-2b (rhIFNα-2b) combined with adefovir dipivoxil in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (HBeAg +).Methods 174 patients with chronic hepatitis B were randomly divided into three groups.60 patients in group A were given rhIFNα-2b and adefovir dipivoil.57 patients in group B were only given rhIFNα-2b.57 patients in group C were only given adefovir dipivoil.After treatment for 48 weeks,the changes of liver function and HBVM were observed in three groups.Results ALT was significantly decreased in three groups.But group A was obviously higher than group B and group C(P ＜ 0.05).The negative rate of HbeAg was 48.3％,36.8％ and 33.3％.The negative rate of HBV-DNA was 63.3％,42.1％ and 40.4％.The effect of group A was better than that of group B and group C(P ＜0.05).Side effects had not been found.Conclusion rhIFNα-2b combined with adefovir dipivoil can improve liver function and inhibit HBV.

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment value of hysteroscopy on patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.Method 60 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were taken hypsteropic diagnosis and treatment compared with B ultrasonic and histologic diagnosis.The confirmed cases also taken hysteroscopy surgery.Results Endometrial polyps 23 cases (38.3％),endometrial hyperplasia disease 17 cases (28.3％),submucous myoma of uterus 9 cases (15.0％),uterine cavity adhesion in 7 patients (11.7％),submucosal uterine adenomyoma 2 cases (3.3％),chronic endometritis 1 case (1.7％) and endometrial carcinoma 1 case (1.7％) respectively.The concordance rate of B ultrasonic diagnosis and histologic diagnosis was 40.0％,while rate of hypsteropic diagnosis and histologic diagnosis was 86.7％,the difference was significant (x2 =0.865,P ＜ 0.001).In 60 patients,the cure rate of hysteroscopy surgery was 98.3％.Conclusion Hysteroscopy in gynecological abnormal uterine bleeding diagnosis is specific,while the treatment effect is remarkable,which can be used as a safe and effective method to diagnosis and treatment abnormal uterine bleeding.

Objective To explore the relationship between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and carotid plaque stability.Methods 155 cases confirmed cerebral infarction by head CT/MRI were divided into group without plaque,plaque vulnerability group and plaque stability group.Serum levels of hs-CRP,lipids,creatinine and uric acid were measured.Results Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the parameters of all the patients'age,serum TC,LDL-C,HDL and HDL-C,serum creatinine,hs-CRP and uric acid.Only hs-CRP level was the risk factor of carotid plaque(RR =1.301,95％ CI =1.041 ～ 1.599,P =0.010).Serum hs-CRP level in patients with vulnerable plaque was significantly higher than the group without plaque and plaque stability group.Conclusion The detection of serum hs-CRP and carotid artery ultrasound can make early diagnosis and intervention to reduce the incidence and mortality of cerebral infarction for plaque instability patients.