Objective To investigate the protective effects and possible mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) against oxidative stress injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in retinal ganglion cell-5 (RGC-5).Methods RGC-5 cells were divided into four groups:RGC-5 group (normal control group),RGC-5 + H2O2 (RGC-5 were cultured in 500 μmol · L-1 H2O2 for 24 hours) group,RGC-5 + NaHS (RGC-5 were cultured in 50 μmol · L-1 NaHS for 30 minutes) + H2O2 (RGC-5 were cultured in 500 μmol · L-1 H2 O2 for 24 hours) group,and RGC-5 + NaHS (RGC-5 were cultured in 50 μmol · L-1 NaHS for 30 minutes) group.Western blots were applied to measure the expression of cytochrome c (Cyt.c) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1).The fluorescent dye JC-1 assay was chosen to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm).Furthermore,transmission electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of mitochondria.Results Compared with RGC-5 group,the expression of Cyt.c in RGC-5 + H2O2 group decreased in mitochondria,and increased in cytoplasm (all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistical difference between RGC-5 group and RGC-5 + NarHS + H2O2 group (all P ＞0.05).Compared with RGC-5 group,the expression of Cyt.c in RGC-5 + NaHS group increased in mitochondria,and decreased in cytoplasm (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with RGC-5 group,the expression of OPA1 in RGC-5 + H2O2 group decreased in mitochondria,and increased in cytoplasm (all P ＜ 0.05).In RGC-5 + NaHs + H2O2 group and RGC-5 + NaHS group,the expression of OPA1 within and outside the mitochondria had no significant difference compared with RGC-5 group (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with other three groups,the mitochondrial membrane potential in RGC-5 + H2O2 group obviously decreased,but there was no statistical difference among other three groups (P ＞ 0.05).The mitochondria were globular swelled in RGC-5 group,but in other three groups,the mitochondria had slightly swelled.Conclusion H2S can protect the mitochondrial morphology and functions of RGC? 5 from H2O2-induced oxidative stress via preventing OPA1 release from mitochondria.

Objective To explore the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by detecting serum levels and the colonic mucosa expression of inflammatory cytokines,peptide YY (PYY),and claudin-1,and to analyze their correlation.Methods From April 2013 to April 2015,50 outpatients with IBS and 20 healthy controls were selected.Serum levels of PYY,interleukin (IL)-10,tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and claudin-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expression of IL-10,TNF-α,PYY and claudin-1 in colonic mucosa was determined by immunohistochemistry.Single factor analysis of variance,least significant difference (LSD) method,chi-square test,and Pearson correlation analysis were performed for statistical analysis.Results Among the 50 patients with IBS,27 cases were diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS),and 23 cases were constipated-type irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS).The serum level and the positive expression rate of PYY in colonic mucosa of D-IBS group were significantly higher than those of healthy control group ((16.28± 2.75) ng/L vs (10.12± 1.55) ng/L;66.7 ％ (18/27) vs 30.0 ％ (6/20)),and the differences were statistically significant (LSD-t=10.19,x2 =6.182,both P＜0.05).The serum level and the positive expression rate of IL-10 in colonic mucosa of D-IBS group were both significantly lower than those of healthy control group ((2.95 ±0.24) ng/L vs (3.58±0.35) ng/L;22.2％(6/27) vs 50.0％ (10/20)),and the differences were statistically significant (LSD-t =4.52,x2=3.948,both P＜0.05).The serum level and the positive expression rate of TNF-α in colonic mucosa of D-IBS group were both significantly higher than those of healthy control group ((8.73±0.41) ng/L vs (7.73±0.51) ng/L;66.7％(18/27) vs 30.0％(6/20)),and the differences were statistically significant (LSD-t=8.43,x2 =6.182,both P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between C-IBS group and healthy control group in the serum levels of PYY ((10.24±1.34) ng/L vs (10.12± 1.55) ng/L),IL-10 ((3.43 ± 0.71) ng/L vs (3.58 ± 0.35) ng/L),TNF-α ((7.81±0.26) ng/L vs (7.73 ±0.51) ng/L),and thus the positive expression rate in colonic mucosa (39.1％(9/23) vs 30.0％(6/20),56.5％(13/23) vs 50.0％(10/20),34.8％ (8/23) vs 30.0％(6/20);all P＞0.05).The serum level of claudin-1 and its positive expression rate of PYY,IL-10,TNF-α in colonic mucosa in D-IBS group were both lower than those of healthy control group ((94.44 ± 6.61) ng/Lvs (103.64 ± 5.47) ng/L;11.1％ (3/27) vs 40.0％ (8/20)),and the differences were statistically significant (LSD-t=5.76,x2 =5.349;both P＜0.05).However,the serum level of claudin-1 and its positive expression rate in colonic mucosa in C-IBS group were both higher than those of healthy control group ((115.54±3.42) ng/L vs (103.64±5.47) ng/L;73.9％ (17/23) vs 40.0％(8/20)),and the differences were statistically significant (LSD-t=5.56,x2 =5.055;both P＜0.05).The serum levels of IL-10 and PYY,TNF-α and claudin-1 were negatively correlated in the D-IBS group (r=-0.874 and -0.863,both P＜0.05).While the serum levels of TNF-α and PYY,IL-10 and claudin-1 were positively correlated (r =0.865 and 0.876,both P＜ 0.05).Conclusions There may be the imbalance of proinflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors in IBS patients.PYY may decrease the expression of claudin-1 by promoting IL-10 and inhibiting TNF-α,and thus ameliorate the inflammation reaction of IBS patients.

Antigens ; chemistry ; Fixatives ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Microwaves ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Aged ; Antigens, CD20 ; analysis ; Gene Rearrangement ; Humans ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Viral ; analysis ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta ; genetics ; Reed-Sternberg Cells ; metabolism ; pathology

Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Perineum ; pathology ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Sarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To study the features of CT and MRI diagnosis of intracranial germ cell tumors ,and to improve the un-derstanding of its imaging findings .Methods Fifteen cases of intracranial germ cell tumors proved by pathology and follow-up were retrospectively analyzed .Results Among the 15 cases with intracranial germ cell tumors ,9 cases in pineal body , tumours showed like-round masses,the margin of the masses were well defined .CT was slightly high density,MRI revealed isointense or hypointense signals on T1 weighted and homogeneous hyperintense signals on T 2 weighted image without edema around tumors and homogeneous en-hancement.One cases in CSF spread.Four cases were identified in the saddle-up area, among the 2 cases was cystic,1 cases was sol-id-cystic and 1 cases was solid,CT was isointense or high density in solid,low density in cystic,without edema around tumors.MRI re-vealed slight-hypointense signals on T 1 weighted and hyperintense signals on T 2 weighted image clearly enhanced in solid , cystoid with-out enhance .In the other 2 cases of intracranial germ cell tumors in the basal ganglia region ,CT was inhomogeneous high density ,inho-mogeneous signals on T2 and T1 weighted image, inhomogeneous enhancement .Conclusions Intracranial germ cell tumors show char-acteristic manifestations on CT and MRI,according to location,shape,signal,age characteristic,which is helpful in diagnosis and differ-ential diagnosis and guide treatment plan .

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ascitic Fluid ; chemistry ; Cadherins ; analysis ; Calbindin 2 ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelial Cells ; chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-5 ; analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pericardial Effusion ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; Pleural Effusion ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; chemistry ; diagnosis ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G ; analysis

A capillary electrophoretic method was developed for the separation of enantiomers of naphthylgly-cidic ether(NGE). Several cyclodextrins(CDs) were applied as the chiral selectors and it was found that the ionic modified highly sulfated cyclodextrin(HS-β-CD) could give satisfactory enantioselectivity. In addition,the effects of the pH value of the buffer system,the concentration of the HS-β-CD,capillary temperature and the running voltage on the chiral separation were investigated systematically. The result showed that under the optimized conditions of pH 2. 5,20 mmol/L H_3PO_4-triethanolamine buffer containing 2% highly sulfated cyclodextrin ( HS-β-CD) at capillary temperature 20℃ in the reversed polarity voltage of - 18 kV,the enantiomers of naphthylglycidic ether were baseline separated. This method is simple,precise and can be applied to the chiral separation of naphthylglycidic ether enantiomers and determination of enantiomers excess(ee,% ).

Objective To study the main pharmacodynamics effect of compound lavender ointment on the scald, anti-inflammation and analgesia.Methods Sixty guinea pigs were divided into normal groups,model groups( superficialⅡ°scalding models) ,compound lavender ointment high,median,low dose groups,and jing wan hong ointment groups,then observation of the wounds and healing was made and recorded.Histopathological examination was made to examine the wounds,and ELISA to analyze serum TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8.Xylene ear swelling model and writhing test were used to observe the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the compound lavender ointment.Results Compound lavender ointment can relieve the wounds swelling and exudation,which may be related to the decrease of proinflammatory cytokines(P <0.01), and promote the wound healing significantly( P <0.01) ,that the side-effects were not observed.High dose of compound lavender ointment can inhibit ear swelling and have certain analgesia with the writhing tests.Conclusion Compound lavender ointment have the promoting wound healing,anti-infectious and antalgic effects on the scald.

Objective By detecting the expression levels of Foxp3 in CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA),and the Foxp3 gene promoter region methylation to explore its role in the pathogenesis of RA.Methods Twenty-five RA patients and 10 healthy controls were selected,and the PBMCs were extracted by density gradient centrifugation.Foxp3 expression levels of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells were detected by flow cytometry.The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was used to detect the Foxp3 mRNA expression in PBMCs; and bisulfate processing gene sequencing was used to determinethe differences in Foxp3 gene promoter sequence methylation level of PBMCs.The comparison between groups was analyzed using one-way ANOVA; two sets of qualitative data were compared using Fisher's exact test.Results The expression levels of Foxp3 mRNA in the CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells of active RA patients (2.31±0.25) was significantly lower than inactive RA group (3.68±0.26) and healthy controls (5.67±0.34),the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The Foxp3 mRNA expression level in inactive RA group was lower than that of the healthy controls (P＜0.05).Foxp3 promoter region-67,-74 sites of methylation level in PBMCs of RA patients (46％) was significantly higher than that of the healthy controls (6％).Conclusion Reduction in the number of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA and Foxp3 gene promoter methylation levels plays a key role in this process.