This research based on the analysis of spontaneous reporting system (SRS) data which the 9 601 case reports of Shuxuening injection adverse drug reactions (ADR) in national adverse drug reaction monitoring center during 2005-2012. Apply to the association rules to analysis of the relationship between Shuxuening injection's ADR and the characteristics of ADR reports were. We found that ADR commonly combination were "nausea + breath + chills + vomiting", "nausea + chills + vomiting + palpitations", and their confidence level were 100%. The ADR and the case reports information commonly combination were "itching, and glucose and sodium chloride Injection, and generally ADR report, and normal dosage", "palpitation, and glucose and sodium chloride injection, and normal dosage, and new report", "chills, and generally ADR report, and normal dosage, and 0.9% sodium chloride injection", and their confidence level were 100% too. The results showed that patients using Shuxuening injection occurred most of ADRs were systemic damage, skin and its accessories damage, digestive system damage, etc. And most of cases were generally and new reports, and patients with normal dosage. The ADR's occurred had little related with solvent. It is showed that the Shuxuening injection occurred of ADR mainly related to drug composition. So Shuxuening injection used in clinical need to closely observation, and focus on the ADR reaction, and to do a good job of drug risk management.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; diagnosis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Objective To investigate the teaching modes of the course of guide to learn in undergraduate nursing students in order to improve their quality of leaning.Methods Questionnaire survey and interview were conducted to collect the students'general appraisal on learning Science and teaching content and teaching modes as well as ingathering and suggestions of the course.Results Totally 79.5%among 117 students thought it necessary to open the course of Learning Science.96.6%students considered ten subjects of the course reasonable.83.8%students were satisfied with the alternate five-teachers'teaching modes.The most digestible teaching approach Was illustration,and the most valuable experience wag how to regulate the psyehology of learning.Conclusions The course of guide to learn in nursing undergraduate education has positive significance.Nursing educators should always explore and improve the teaching mode of this course so as to help students develop SOundly.

Objective To construct CD147 siRNA expression vector in o rder to analyze the role of CD147 in the invasion and metastasis of tumors deriv ed from skin.Methods According to CD147 cDNA sequence in the Genebank,a pair of 64-nt oligonucleotides,each containing the sites of restriction endonucleas e at both ends,were designed and synthesized.Oligonucleotides were annealed an d ligated with linearized pSUPER by T4DNA ligase.The recombinants (named pSUPER /CD147 siRNA ) were finally sequenced and identified by PCR and restriction end onuclease digestion.Results CD147 siRNA expression vector was successfully co nstructed and identified by double endonuclease digestion.Sequence analysis of inserted fragment revealed the same sequence as synthesized siRNA oligonucleotid es.Conclusions CD147 siRNA expression vector has been successfully constructed,which paves the way for studying the role of CD147 in the invasion and metasta sis of tumor cells derived from skin as well as in tumor therapy.

Objective To investigate the association of the TNFRSF11B gene polymorphism and the lean muscle mass in population of Chinese Han living in Jinan. Methods Lean muscle mass of 419 volunteers were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. 8 tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP) of TNFRSF11B gene were genotyped. Results Lean muscle mass of whole body increased with the copy of the G allele of TNFRSF11B-rs2875845 and the T allele of TNFRSF11B-rs1485288 (P<0.05). Conclusion The G allele of rs2875845 and the T allele of rs1485288 in TNFRSF11B gene increase the level of the lean muscle mass in Chinese Han population.

Objective To investigate the effect on bioeffects such as sonoporation and cell killing that induced by domestic ultrasound contrast agent(perfluoropropane-albumin microsphere)and diagnostic ultrasound by microbubble concentration.Methods Suspensions of hepatocyte with microbubbules in different concentrations were exposed to diagnostic ultrasound.The study included blank contrast group(no microbubble,no ultrasound),exposed group(no microbubble,exposed to ultrasound)and 6 microbubble groups in different concentration(with different microbubbule/cell ratios for 1,5,10,50,100 and 200,exposed to ultrasound for 10min).The uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanatedextran(FD500)by hepatocyte was observed and the percentages of sonoporation cells were counted,the cell viability was determined by trypan blue stain immediately after exposure,and apoptosis of ceils were detected by flow cytometry,with double staining of fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC)-labeled Annexin V/propidium iodide(PI).Results Fluorescence stain results:compared with blank contrast group or exposed group,the sonoporatin of groups with microbubble/cell ratio of 5 to 200 increased significantly(P＜0.05).Cell killing effects:compared with the blank contrast group,only the cell death percentages of microbubble groups with microbubble/cell ratio of 50,100 and 200 increased significantly(P＜0.05).Compared with the exposed group,only that of groups with microbubble/cell ratio of 100 and 200 increased significantly(P＜0.05).There was no significant different between blank contrast group and exposed group for all these results.Conclusions Sonoporation and cell killing effect can be induced by diagnostic ultrasound in HL-7702 with domestic ultrasound contrast agent(perfluoropropane-albumin microsphere).For diagnosis,the ratio of microbubbule/cell should better be under 10.While for gene transfection,the ratio should better be 50 and could be 100 if it is necessary.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the changes in Wnt pathway inhibiting factors in esophageal precancerosis lesions induced by methyl benzyl nitrosamine (MBNA) and the effect of Gexia Zhuyu decoction.

METHODWistar rats were subcutaneously injected with MBNA (3.5 mg x kg(-1) for twice per week to establish the model. Since the 1st day after the model establishment, they were orally administered with Gexia Zhuyu decoction (16, 8 mg x kg(-1)). At the 10th week, esophageal tissues were collected to observe the pathological changes of esophageal mucosa, detect SFRP1, sFRP4, Axin1, Axin2 and GSK-3β mRNA levels.by fluorescent quantitation PCR analysis and β-catenin protein level by Western blotting.

RESULTBeing induced by MBNA, rats in the model group showed slight atypical hyperplasia in the histopathological examination. Compared with the normal group, Gexia Zhuyu decoction dose high and low groups showed no significant pathomorphological and histological changes. The model group showed lower gene transcription levels of esophageal tissues sFRP1, sFRP4, Axin1 and Axin2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and higher β-catenin protein expression level (P < 0.01) than the normal control group. The Gexia Zhuyu decoction low dose group showed higher gene transcription levels of esophageal tissues sFRP1, sFRP4, Axin1 and Axin2 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and lower β-catenin protein expression level (P < 0.01) than the normal control group.

CONCLUSIONUp-regulated β-catenin protein level and down-regulated Wnt pathway could enhance Wnt pathway activity of MBNA-induced esophageal precancerous lesions. Gexia Zhuyu decoction could down-regulate the β-catenin protein level and up-regulate the transcription level of Wnt pathway inhibiting factors, but could not block MBNA-induced esophageal precancerosis lesions.

Animals ; Axin Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Esophageal Diseases ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Humans ; Male ; Necrosis ; Nitrosamines ; adverse effects ; Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Wnt Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; drug effects

There are few articles or reports collecting evidence about parenterally administered salvianolate from premarketing and postmarketing research or studies systematically. This article is an exact miniature of a systematical report about parenterally administered salvianolate. We analyzed information from four aspects, such as quality control reports, non-clinical premarketing safety experiments, postmarketing research (efficacy studies, hospital information system data and national spontaneous reporting system data) and literature analysis. All the four aspects build an evidence body for Kudiezi Solution in order to inform its safety use in clinical practice and further study.
Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

Objective To detect the change of cerebral perfusion in pediatric patients with Leigh's syndrome (LS)by using MR perfusion technique.Methods Twelve patients with Leigh's syndrome and thirteen normal children were scanned with the sequence of flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery exempting separate T_1 measurement (FAIREST).Their relative cerebral blood flow(rCBF)values were obtained in regions of bilateral basilar nuclei and bilateral thalami.Student t-test was used to compare them between the two groups and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was carried out.Results Statistical analysis revealed significant difference between two groups in the regions of bilateral basilar nuclei and right thalamus(t =3.26,P =0.002;t =2.25 ,P =0.018 ;t =2.88 ,P =0.004,respectively).The rCBF values for LS group and control group were 0.432?0.158 and 0.619?0.125 for right basilar nuclear, 0.478?0.186 and 0.621?0.123 for left basilar nuclear,0.630?0.189 and 0.833?0.160 for right thalamus,respectively.The areas under the ROC curves were 0.833 and 0.756 for the rCBF of right and left basilar nuclear,respectively.Conclusion Relative CBF maps may reveal changes of cerebral blood flow in some specific brain regions in patients with Leigh's syndrome.It can provide additional information to the clinicians in the evaluation of the disease.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the early clinical efficacy of induced membrane technique for reconstruction of large bone defects after debridement in adults with chronic osteomyelitis of limbs.

METHODSFrom March 2010 to March 2012,a total of 23 adult patients with chronic osteomyelitis of limbs were treated in our department. There were 15 males and 8 females, with a mean age 35.2 years old (ranged from 26 to 49 years old). Sixteen patients had open fracture history. According to the lesion site, there were 12 cases of tibia, 7 cases of femur, 3 cases of humerus, and 1 case of both radius and ulna. Among them, 19 patients had diseases in diaphysis and 4 patients in the metaphysis. The mean interval from infection to operation was 6.9 months (ranged from 4 to 13 months). All the patients were treated by using induced membrane technique. The follow-up evaluation included clinical complications, time of bone healing and limbs function. The Chinese version of SF-36 scores was used in the assessment of quality of life pre- and post-operation.

RESULTSThe average duration of follow-up was (27.6 ± 5.3) months (ranged from 18 to 43 months). Two patients had postoperative flap edge necrosis, 1 patient had superficial iliac incision infection, no obvious complications were recorded. Twenty patients obtained radiological union at a mean time of 4.6 months (ranged from 3 to 7 months). Among them, 16 patients treated with lower limbs surgery achieved full weight-bearing at about 5.2 months (ranged from 4 to 8 months) postoperatively. Four patients suffered from reinfection during follow-up, but 3 of them achieved complete bone healing after the second surgeries with induced membrane technique. At the final follow-up, there was a substantial improvement in each dimension scores and total scores of SF-36 as compared with those before surgery.

CONCLUSIONWhen treating with adult chronic osteomyelitis of limbs, the induced membrane technique can effectively reconstruct large bone defects after debridement, significantly shorten treatment cycle, provide satisfactory results with minimal complications, promote good recovery of limbs function and require relatively simple operation technique.

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Extremities ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To analyze epidemiological and clinical characteristics of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Methods The clinical data of 323 CHC patients were collected. The transmission modes, clinical manifestations and virological features were recorded. The liver histological change was also analyzed in 39 cases whose liver biopsy samples were available. The comparison between two groups was performed by t test. Results Among the 323 CHC patients, 135 cases (41. 8%) had history of blood or blood products transfusion. Sixty-seven cases (20. 7%) had undergone surgery and trauma operation. Nineteen cases (5. 9%) had history of Chinese medicine acupuncture. Eighteen cases (5.6%) had undergone hemodialysis. Two patients (0.6%) were infected through vertical transmission. Twenty-one cases (6. 5%) had history of intravenous drug use and two cases (0. 6%) had history of unsafe sexual contact. The possible transmission routes for the other 78 cases (24.1%)were unknown. Fourteen patients (4. 3%) were co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The major prevalent genotypes were hepatitis C virus ( HCV) genotype lb and 2a, which were 145 cases (65. 3%) and 21 cases (9. 5%) respectively. HCV viral loads were as high as 1 × 105 IU/mL in 74 cases (26. 1%) and 1× 106 IU/mL in 103 cases (36. 4%). Twenty-three patients (7.1%) developed obvious clinical manifestations. Among 39 patients undergoing liver biopsy, 14 cases (35. 9%) had hepatic inflammation activity index (HAI)≥4, six cases (15. 4%) had fibrosis stage (F) ≥3, four cases (10. 3%) had HAI≥4 and F≥3. Conclusions The most common HCV transmission modes are blood transfusion and use of blood products. However, surgery and trauma operation should be paid more attention. Besides blood transfusion, the transmission modes of intravenous drug injection, hemodialysis and traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture are increasing. The major HCV genotypes are lb and 2a. The viral loads of most patients are relatively high. Most patients infected with HCV don't show any obvious hepatitis symptoms and physical signs. However, the liver biopsy results from 39 patients suggest that most patients develop liver histological changes.