Objective To observe the changes in OLETF kideys at different stage and the beneficial influences by modulating serum lipids. Methods OLETF rats aged 8 wks were randomly divided into treated group and untreated group,and LETO rats served as normal control.Fenofibrate 20 mg/kg was given daily to the treated group.OGTT was performed at the age of 8,16 and 24 wks.Blood glucose,serum lipids and 24 h urine albumin excretion(UA) were investigated.The rats were killed at 16 and 24 wks of age,and the kidney sections were stained with PAS.Transforming growth factor-?_1(TGF?_1),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and fibronectin(FN) were investigated by immunohistochemistry assay.The electron microscope(EM) sections were made to measure GBM width and to observe the mesangial matrix.Results(1) Blood glucose had no significant difference between untreated and treated groups at 16 and 24 wks of age;(2) Fenofibrate decreased serum TG, increased HDL-C markedly but had no influence on LDL-C;(3) As aging,24hrs UA increased in untreated group,and reduced significantly in fenofibrate group at 24 wks of age;(4) TGF-?_1,VEGF and FN expressions were all higher in untreated group than in treated group at 24 wks of age.(5) EM revealed GBM obviously thickened and mesangial matrix widened in untreated group.Fenofibrate attenuated the kidney lesion greatly in EM picture.Conclusions (1) Dyslipidemia occurs prior to glucose metabolism abnormity in OLETF rats;(2) As aging,dyslipidemia progresses accompanying markedly the increased UA,enlarged glomeruli,thickened GBM and widened masangial matrix;(3) Modulating lipids early couldn′t improve glucose metabolism,but corrects dyslipidemia and reveals beneficial influence on kidneys;(4) The possible mechanism is that modulating lipids decreases TGF-?_1 and VEGF expressions.

Objective To study dIe ESBLs and plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes in E.Coli and Klebsiella spp. with CLSI ESBL-screening test positive,confirmation test negative but cefepime susceptible.Methods Antimierobial susceptibility testing were performed by Kirby-Bauer(K-B)method.The genes encoding ESBLs and plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes were detected by PCR Transfer of ESBLs or plagmid-mediated AmpC resistance was studied by conjugation experiments.The homology of donor (E.coli),recipient(E.coli J53)and their transconjugants were analyzed by ERIC-PCR DNA fingerprints of E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were analyzed by PFGE as recommended bv PulseNet protocoL Results Of 18 isolates from Huashan Hospital,11 were E.coli.6 were Klebsiella pneumoniae and 1 was Klebsiella oxytoca.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated all of 18 isolates were positive on the CLSI ESBL screening test but negative on the confirmation test.and all of isolates were susceptible to cefepime(a zoneof-inhibition diameter of≥18 mm wag considered to indicate susceptible).PCR results indicated that 9 of the 11 E.coli isolates predued CMY-2 AmpC enzyme.TEM,SHV,CTX-M,PER,VEB or SFO type β-lactamages were not identified.Of 6 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.5 were DHA-1 AmpC-producing strains.4 of the 5 DHA-1 AmpC-producing strains were coexistence of broad-speetrumβ-lactamaae or extended-spectrumβ-lactamase.including two producing SHV-11 and two producing CTX-M-14 and SHV-62 type ESBL respectively.One Klebsiella oxytoca wag also DHA-1 AmpC producing strain.Conjugation experiments indicated that both ESBLs and AmpC enzymes could be transfefred from donor to recipient.PFGE indicated that the DNA fingerprints of K.pneumoniae were difierent but seven CMY-2 AmpC-producing E.coli isolates from general surgieal ward were similar.Concluslons The main mechanism of antibiotic resistance in CLSI ESBLs-screening test-positive but eefepime.susceptible E.coli and KIebsiellaspp.is production of plagmid-mediated AmpC enzymes.Some strains produce both AmpC enzyme and ESBLs.Such strains should be reported as resistant to cefepime.The results suggest that laboratories should routinely conduct research on the ESBLs and plnsmid.mediated AmpC enzymes in Enterobacteriaceae in order to report antimicrobial susceptibility testing results more correcdy.

Objective To investigate the effects and anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of rosiglitazone on the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in atherosclerotic rabbits. Methods Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups (6 each): control group (only high cholesterol diet for 6 weeks), rosiglitazone group [high cholesterol diet plus rosiglitazone 0.5mg/(kg?d) for 6 weeks]. ABCA1 expression and [3H] cholesterol efflux rates were evaluated by flow cytometry and liquid scintillation spectrometry, respectively. Enzymatic methods were used to assay serum lipids levels and cholesterol contents in tissues, and the atherosclerotic area of aorta was calculated by professional image analysis software. Results For the rabbits of both control and rosiglitazone group, the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (NHDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) significantly went up when they took their cholesterol rich diet for 6 weeks (P0.05). Compared with control group, the ABCA1 expressions in monocytes, peritoneal macrophages, adipocytes and hepatocytes, as well as the cholesterol efflux rates in peritoneal macrophages, adipocytes and hepatocytes increased significantly (P

Objective To assess the cognitive function of subjects with brain injury with Loewenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment (LOTCA) and mini-mental status examination (MMSE). Methods Two groups of subjects participated in this study. One group consisted of 36 subjects with brain injury (patient group). They were 28 males and 8 females,aged 61.0?16.7 years old. The other group was made of 44 healthy subjects (control group),with 25 males and 19 females,aged 55.4?23.7 years old. All subjects were assessed using LOTCA and MMSE and the results of them were analyzed. Results There was high correlation between the total scores of LOTCA and those of MMSE ( r =0.892,P

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of electrical stimulation of pelvic floor muscles on urinary incontinence (UI) in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI). Methods Seven patients (5 males and 2 females; average age: 32.5 years; average duration after injury: 7.5 months) with ISCI were treated with ESPFM applied on rectum (for male) or vagina (for female) for 30～45 min,once a day, 5 days a week for (2～3) months. The rate of success on stopping using catheters and the frequency and amount of urination were observed during treatment. Results Catheters were taken out successfully from all patients 2～3 weeks after treatment. Five out of the 7 patients had more self-control of urination than incontinence after 8 weeks of treatment though there was no significant difference in the amount of the urination. Conclusion ESPFM might improve the function of urinary bladder in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats.Methods Fifty-four adult male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =18 each): shame operation group (group S),global cerebral I/R group (group I/R) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Global cerebral I/R was produced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries combined with hypotension (MAP maintained at 35-45 mm Hg).In group D dexmedetomidine 3 μg/kg was injected iv immediately after I/R,followed by infusion of dexmedetomidine at a rate of 3 μg· kg- 1 · h- 1 until 2 h of reperfusion.The neurological deficit score (NDS) was assessed (0 =normal,100 =brain death) at 6 h (T1),24 h (T2)and 72 h (T3) of reperfusion.Then six rats were sacrificed in each group and brain tissues were removed for microscopic examination of hippocampus CA1 region and determination of activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO),contents of TNF-α and IL-1β and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP).Results Compared with group S,NDS,MPO activity and the contents of TNF-α and IL-1β at T1-3 were significantly increased,the expression of GFAP was up-regulated at T2,3 in groups I/R and D ( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group I/R,NDS,MPO activity and TNF-α concent were significantly decreased at T1-3,IL-1β concent was decreased at T1,2,the expression of GFAP was down-regulated at T2,3 in group D (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ).The pathologic changes were significantly attenuated in group D as compared with group I/R.Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can attenuate global cerebral I/R injury in rats,and the inhibition of inflammatory response may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the effects of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on the inflammatory response to focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) inmy in rats.Methods Fifty-six healthy male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 3 groups:group Ⅰ sham operation(group S,n=8);group Ⅱ cerebral I/R(n=24)and group Ⅲ lipoxin A4+I/R(group LXA4,n=24).Right mid-cerebral artery was occluded for 2 h by inserting cranially a nylon thread with rounded tip into internal carotid artery.LXA4 0.03 nmol/5 μl was injected into cerebral ventricle at 5 min after cerebral ischemia.Neurological deficit was scored at 24 h of reperfusion.Then four animals in each group were killed and their brains were removed for microscopic examination and expression of MPO at 24 h of reperfusion.Meantime,content of IL-1β,TNF-α,TGF-β1,and IL-10 in the brain tissue were measured at 1,6,12,24 and 48 h of reperfusion by ELISA.Glial cell activity was examined at 24 h of reperfusion by immuno-histochemistry.Results Intra-cerebroventricular administrated LXA4 0.03 nmol/5 μl provided mild neuroprotection against focal cerebral I/R injury,improved neurological deficits,and reduced morphological brain damages and PMN infiltration.LXA4 also decreased the content of TNF-α and IL-1β,and increased the content of IL-10 and TGF-β1.The numbers of activated astroglia and microglia were decreased in group LXA4 compared with group I/R.Conclusion LXA4 protects the brain against I/R injury by inhibiting inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the safety of different intensity anticoagulation therapy of warfarin in preventing thromboembolism in octogenarian patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods The 130 patients with persistent or permanent NVAF were randomly divided into three groups: low-intensity warfarin group (35 cases, international normalized ratio, INR (1.5-2.0), moderate-intensity warfarin group (32 cases, INR 2.1-2.5) and aspirin control group (63 cases). The rate of hemorrhagic events and the effect on renal function were observed. Results The incidence of hemorrhage was the lowest in low-intensity warfarin group compared to the other groups with slight bleeding in one case. life-threatening bleeding in one case, severe bleeding in one case and slight bleeding in four cases occurred in moderate-intensity warfarin group. Life-threatening bleeding in three cases, severe bleeding in two cases and slight bleeding in six cases occurred in aspirin control group. There were significant differences in bleeding incidence among the three groups (χ2=5.13,P＜0.05). The low-intensity warfarin group and moderate-intensity warfarin group were superior to the aspirin control group in the effect on renal function (P＜0.05). Conclusions It is safe that the dose of warfarin is maintained at low anticoagulation intensity between INR 1.5 and 2.0 in octogenarians with NVAF.

Pregnant women with subacute thyroiditis (SAT) are rare.One case was reported and the clinical features and management principles of SAT during pregnancy were reviewed.In pregnant women with SAT,the illness is usually not serious.If subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism develops,L-T4 must be given and thyroid function be monitored routinely,and the medication be adjusted carefully to ensure the maternal-fetal safety.

AIM To establish an HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous content determination of four constituents in Compound Kendir Leaves Tablets Ⅰ (Apocyni veneti Folium,Chrysanthemi indici Flos,Stephaniae tetrandrae Radix,etc.).METHODS The analysis of 50％ methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Shimadzu VP-ODS column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of methanol-0.5％ phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 260 nm and 325 nm.RESULTS Chlorogenic acid,hydrochlorothiazide,buddleodide and promethazine hydrochloride showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 24.91-498.2 ng (r =0.999 9),286.33-5 726.7 ng (r =0.999 9),10.04-200.9 ng (r =0.999 9) and 154.80-3 096.1 ng (r =0.999 9),whose average recoveries were 98.3％ (RSD =1.3％),99.1％ (RSD =0.6％),98.5％ (RSD =1.0％) and 99.3％ (RSD =1.2％),respectively.CONCLUSION This simple,accurate and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Compound Kendir Leaves Tablets Ⅰ.