Objective To explore ladder and compensation system of nurse-staffing which is suitable for the situation of our country.Methods The ladder management and compensation system to nursestaffing of National Health Service (NHS) in UK were given detailed introduction and analysis through the official documents,references and personal study experiences,and summarize its scientific and referenced aspects.Results NHS has formed a set of mature competency-based ladder system,and linked the ladder system to compensation system,made a relative scientific performance appraisal system,realized the scientific competency matches the level,salary changes along with the level model.Conclusions It provides references and thinking to the in-depth reform of public hospitals in our country,and the development of high quality nursing service,as well as the implementation of nursing ladder management and compensation reform.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of electroacupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) and Shenmen (HT7) on heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with post-cerebral-infarction sequelae.MethodEighty patients were randomized into two groups, 40 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by anti-platelet aggregation and other ordinary symptomatic treatment based on Western medicine, while the treatment group was by electroacupuncture at Neiguan and Shenmen in addition to the treatments given to the control group.ResultThere were no significant differences in comparing the HRV indexes between the two groups before intervention (P>0.05); while the HRV indexes in the treatment group were superior to that in the control group after intervention (P<0.05). HRV indexes were improved after intervention in the treatment group (P<0.05); of the indexes, only SDNN was improved after intervention in the control group (P<0.05), and the rest indexes were insignificantly changed (P>0.05).Conclusion Electroacupuncture at Neiguan and Shenmen can significantly reduce HRV in patients with post-cerebral infarction sequelae.

Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary glomerular basement membrane disease characterized by hematuria, progressive renal hypofunction, usually with nervous deafness and ocular lesions, and its pathogenesis is the mutation in genes encoding the type Ⅳ collagen. Diagnosis of AS should combine with clinical manifestations, renal pathologic changes, immunofluorescence examination and gene diagnosis. At present, AS hasn t had any cure measure yet. As the pathogenesis of AS is much clearer in recent years, the researches of gene diagnosis and gene therapy have got some gratifying achievements.

Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previously, studies have shown that changes in the metabolism of glucose, choline, amino acids and lipids in macrophages of patients with RA can lead to the accumulation of metabolic intermediates which can act as inflammatory signaling molecules to aggravate the inflammation and cause complications. Therefore, a full understanding of the metabolic process of macrophages in RA patients will lay the foundation for macrophage-targeted therapy of RA. In this review, not only the role of macrophage abnormal metabolism in the pathogenesis of RA but also the research progress on macrophage-targeted drugs in RA treatment will be discussed.

Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the downstream catabolism of kynurenine pathway (KP). Under the catalysis of KMO, the intermediate product kynurenine is metabolized into various active metabolites, including 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), quinolinic acid (QA) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺). More and more studies have shown that abnormal KMO expression activity mediates KP metabolic disorders, and is involved in the occurrence and development of nervous system diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases and tumors, suggesting that KMO can be used as a potential and effective drug therapeutic target. This article focuses on the role of KMO in the pathological mechanism of various diseases, and summarizes the existing KMO inhibitors to provide methods and ideas for targeted KMO therapy.

There are many different kinds of drugs which can treat ischemic stroke. This study aims to analyze the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke using Chinese and western medicines and their combination scheme. Data abstracted from 15 national 3a grad hospitals' hospital information system (HIS) databases were collected, then were used frequencies to find the common used drug and type, and were used association rules to anylizs the common combined medication scheme of Chinese and western medicines. It was found that the Shuxuetong (9 015 cases, 22.66%), Danhong (7 369 cases,18.53%) and Xueshuaitong (5 302 cases,13.33%) injections were the most frequently used drugs, and blood-activating and stasis-dissolving prescription (30 384 cases, 76.39%), resuscitative prescription (6 850 cases,17.22%) and tonic prescription (5 997 cases,15.08%) were the most commonly used types of Chinese medicine. The oral dose of aspirin (20 924 cases, 52.60%), Guangxi pp injection (10 771 cases, 27.08%) and insulin injection (10 599 cases, 26.65%) were frequently used. And the types of antiplatelet agents (23 049 cases, 57.95%), vasodilator (19 608 cases, 59.29%) and antihypertensive drug (15 475 cases, 39.90%) were commonly used. The drug combination of aspirin, twenty five pearl pill, Danhong and Xueshuaitong injection were the most frequently used group and its confidence coefficient is 97.5%. The type combination of blood-activating and stasis-dissolving prescription, thrombolytic drug, insulin and vasodilator was the most commonly used group and its confidence coefficient is 97.424%. This study concludes that the drug combination of aspirin, twenty five pearl pill, Danhong and Xueshuaitong injection and the type combination of blood-activating and stasis-dissolving prescription, thrombolytic drug, insulin and vasodilator were commonly used in clinical.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aspirin ; therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Insulin ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Stroke ; drug therapy ; Vasodilator Agents ; therapeutic use

Animals ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Syncope, Vasovagal ; metabolism ; physiopathology

Objective To summarize the postoperative experience of nursing infants undergoing total anomalous pulmonary venous correction.Method The clinical data of 54 infants undergoing total anomalous pulmonary venous correction were retrospectively reviewed for the summarization of nursing strategies.Result Forty nine patients were clinically cured and discharged, 2 voluntarily left the hospital without further treatment and 3 died of low cardiac output syndrome.Conclusion Early postoperative monitoring,protection of heart function and prevention of pulmonary hypertensive crisis are all critical for successful manipulation of total anomalous pulmonary venous correction.

BACKGROUND:Lumbar disc herniation is the most common cause of lumbago in clinic, which seriously affect the patient's daily life, study and work. Therefore, studies on biomechanics of lumbar intervertebral disk benefit to prevent and treat the diseases associated with lumbar intervertebral disk. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biomechanical progress of lumbar intervertebral disk. METHODS: The first author retrieved China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed database for literatures published from 2009 to 2014. The key words were intervertebral disc, nucleus pulposus, biomechanics, fibrosis annulus, cartilage in Chinese and English, respectively. Articles regarding biomechanical characteristics of lumbar intervertebral disk, nucleus pulposus, fibrosis annulus and cartilage were included, and repetitive studies were excluded. Totaly 5 072 articles were retrieved initialy. In accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 41 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:We can fuly understand the pathogenesis, development and adverse consequences of diseases related to the lumbar intervertebral disk by summarizing the structural features and internal pressure of lumbar intervertebral disk and the effect of different loads, biomechanical characteristics of lumbar intervertebral disk with degenerative changes and establishment of mechanical model of lumbar intervertebral disk. It is of directive significance for daily health care of the lumbar intervertebral disk and how to better use force, a physical factor, to solve the lumbar intervertebral disk problems.

BACKGROUND:Host immune rejection is the main problem for nerve alograft in the repair of nerve defects. Therefore, how to avoid and minimize the immune rejection is the key to the success of nerve alografting. OBJECTIVE: To develop a new nerve pretreatment method by which Schwann cels and myelin can be removed from the peripheral nerve of dogs while the basilar membrane can be reserved integraly in order to obtain acelular nerve alografts. METHODS:Bilateral sciatic nerves from healthy adult dogs were taken and pretreated with the combined freeze-thaw and chemical methods folowed by microscopic observation of ultrastructural features, histological staining and western blot analysis of its ingredients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Pretreated acelular nerves with good ductility and excelent epineurium toughness were empty basal lamina tubes with no Schwann cels, myelin and fragments that were al removed thoroughly, but the basilar membrane was fuly retained. These findings indicate that the optimized combination of freeze-thaw and chemical methods can efficiently clear Schwann cels and myelin which are the major antigenic components in the peripheral nerve, while preserve the basilar membrane to promote nerve regeneration. Therefore, this method can be an ideal method for preparation of tissue engineered nerves.