According to the correlative analyses on Chinese medicine essence, dosage forms and quality control level, it expounds the precise concept of Chinese medicine, and its quality advantages and characteristics in this paper, furthermore discusses how to achieve the ideal drugs and Chinese medicine quality precision in expectation. Base on the Chinese medicine essence, using the concept of nature medicine and its drug system to construct Chinese medicine effective material basis and its drugs, with the correlative analyses of whole view and reductionism, the problems of uncertainty quality of original natural medicinal resources and preparations may well be solved, and further with the macroscopic to microcosmic construction of drug system, the precision in expectations of Chinese medicine quality and higher production lever may well be achieved.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Precision Medicine ; Quality Control

BACKGROUND: Several growth factors, including growth hormone (GH) and Insulin like growth factor-I, have been reported to have a neuroprotective effect in experimental models of hypoxic ischemia. This study is aimed at assessing the clinical significance of growth hormone for neuroprotection in status epilepticus induced neuronal cell deaths. METHODS: Pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) was studied in rats (male, Sprague-Dawley). Rats were divided into pre- or post-treatment groups that had either a low (5 U/kg/day) or high (10 U/kg/day) dose of recombinant human GH (Eutropin, LGCI, Korea), and then subdivided into 24 hour, 72 hour and 1 week groups. This was done in the pretreatment groups for 5 days before SE and in the post-treatment groups for 5 days after 2 hrs of SE injection, after SE, the GH was daily injected via intraperitoneal route. Status epilepticus was induced by pilocarpine (360 mg/kg) with scoplamine (1 mg/kg) 30 minutes before pilocarpine injection using a stereotaxic instrument and EEG monitoring. Rats were killed at 24 and 72 hours after the SE in the pretreatment groups and at 1 week after the SE in the post-treatment groups for pathology studies. Neuronal injuries in the rat brain were studied by Hematoxylin & Eosin stain and the TUNEL method. RESULTS: Neuronal necrosis was found in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions in all experimenatal groups after SE, and was more severe in the CA3 region. Apoptosis was found only in the pre-GH treated group and there were TUNEL-positive and morphologically necrotic cells in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions at 72 hours after SE. Neuronal necrosis and apoptosis were significantly decreased in the high dose GH treated groups (p<0.05) compare to controlsd, but not in the low dose GH hormone treated groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Growth hormone has a neuroprotective effect in neuronal cell death (necrosis and apoptosis) that is caused by pilocarpine induced status epilepticus in a dose dependent manner and prevents the activation of apoptosis by SE in neurons which eventually become necrotic.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Brain* ; Cell Death ; Electroencephalography ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Growth Hormone* ; Hematoxylin ; Humans ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Insulin ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Ischemia ; Models, Theoretical ; Necrosis ; Neurons* ; Neuroprotective Agents* ; Pathology ; Pilocarpine* ; Rats ; Status Epilepticus*

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility and safety of abdominosacral resection for patients with locally advanced primary low rectal cancer.

METHODSA total of 97 low rectal cancer patients were amenable to surgery but not anal sphincter preservation were included in this study and divided into the abdominoperineal resection group(n=49) and abdominosacral resection group(n=48) according to the order of alternative admission time between June 2010 and January 2012. Intraoperative and postoperative parameters were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe surgery went well and no perioperative mortality in the two groups. Compared with abdominoperineal resection group, the operative time of abdominosacral resection group(including the 2nd position adjustment time) was longer[(188±45) min vs. (143±48) min, P=0.000], the unexpected prostate or vagina injury incidence was lower [0 vs. 14.3%(7/49), P=0.032), and the perineal wound infection rate was lower [2.1% (1/48) vs. 18.4% (9/49), P=0.040].

CONCLUSIONAbdominosacral excision is feasible and safe for patients with locally advanced primary low rectal cancer.

Abdomen ; surgery ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Perineum ; Rectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the imagery changes of the upper airway and the surrounding soft tissues of local adults with non-apnea who used snore guard and to provide experimental data for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).

METHODSThirty students with non-apnea from Hebei medical university were chosen, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure the changes of the upper airway and the surrounding soft tissues after snore guards were used. SPSS 105 software was used to analyze statistically.

RESULTSAfter the snore guard was put into oral cavity, the change of the average section and volume of the nasopharynx, the palatopharynx, the hypopharynx and the glossopharynx were statistically significant. The average sagittal size, the average horizontal size of the nasopharynx, the palatopharynx, the hypopharynx and the glossopharynx were increased statistically. The ratio of sagittal size, the horizontal sizand the in the hypopharynx and the glossopharynx changed statistically important. There was a decrease of the soft palate, the shape, the height, and the length of the tongue, the difference was statistically significant. The results demonstrated that snore guard affected the upper airway mainly by changing the volume and the shape of the upper airway, there was an obvious increase of the pharynx. The results also showed that snore guard could increase the width (both sagittal and horizontal) of the upper airway and could change the shape of the surrounding soft tissues, which caused air way more smooth. Snore guard could make the indexes of soft palate and tongue change decreasingly, resulted in the straight stand up of the tongue and the forwardness of the soft palate.

CONCLUSIONSnore guard is an effective and convenient instrument for treating the patients with OSAS.

Adult ; Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Palate, Soft ; Pharynx ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Tongue

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the role of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) sequence in assessing the cardiac structure and function.

METHODSA total of 36 healthy volunteers were examined with fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition cine MR sequence. All the MR images were processed on Report Card software to test the cardiac dimensions and function. The relationships between the CMR results and the ultrasonic cardiography (UCG) results were analyzed.

RESULTSCMR analysis showed that interventricular septum thickness, left ventricle posterior wall thickness, end diastolic dimension of left ventricle, and end systolic dimension of left ventricle were (9.2 +/- 2.1), (8.0 +/- 2.1), (48.6 +/- 5.5), and (30.3 +/- 5.3) mm, respectively. Major dimension of right ventricle, minor dimension of right ventricle, index of major, dimension of right ventricle and index of minor dimension of right ventricle were (69.2 +/- 9.7), (30.6 +/- 6.6) mm, and (39.4 +/- 5.5), (18.1 +/- 3.4) min/m2, respectively. The left ventricle indicators above measured by CMR correlated with those by UCG (r = 0.843, 0.784, 0.686, 0.730, all P < 0.01). CMR analysis showed that left ventricular end diastolic volume, right ventricular end diastolic volume, left ventricular end systolic volume, and right ventricular end systolic volume were (93.6 +/- 17.2), (108.6 +/- 28.2), (39.5 +/- 13.0), and (45.6 +/- 15.1) ml, respectively. The left ventricular ejection fraction and right ventricular ejection fraction were (58.5 +/- 8.19)% and (58.2 +/- 7.4)% , respectively. Left ventricular ejection fraction measured by CMR was correlated with that (64.1 +/- 6.8)% by UCG (r = 0.75, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCMR sequence with standard location is well applicable for accurate measurement of left and right ventricle dimensions and function, especially for right ventricle. CMR can be used to diagnose the heart disease and monitor the efficacy.

Adult ; Aged ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Heart ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Function

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism and feasibility of the supinator syndrome evoked embitterment test from anatomy and clinic.

METHODS25 cases of The supinator syndrome were reviewed. 18 of them were male and 7 were female. Drop finger deformation were apparent in 25 cases and The supinator syndrome evoked embitterment test was positive for All patients. Operative neurolysis was done in 8 cases, conservation treatment 17 cases; 92 cadaver upper extremities were dissected for a study the relationship between supinator tunnel and posterior interosseous nerve.

RESULTS22 cases had been followed up for an average of 9 months. 16 cases had a full recovery and 6 cases, a partial recovery. the anatomical study shows that The posterior interosseous nerve was compressed by Forhse arcade and the distal border of the supinator muscle during passive pronation forearm.

CONCLUSIONThe supinator syndrome evoked embitterment test was a new test for the diagnosis of supinator syndrome, it was found to be more sensitive and specific than the others test.

Exercise Test ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Compression Syndromes ; diagnosis ; Radial Nerve ; pathology ; Radial Neuropathy ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Recovery of Function ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of two kinds homogenous assays for direct determination of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) based on the principle of polyanion polymer/detergent (PPD method) and polyethylene glycol-modified enzyme (PEGME) method.

METHODSThe two homogenous methods were compared with the precipitation method (PTA-Mg2+ method), their precision, accuracy, specificity and interference were also analyzed.

RESULTSBoth homogenous HDL-C assays were precise, having a within-run CV < 3%, day-to-day CV < 3% and total CV < 4%. The HDL-C values measured by the two homogenous methods correlated well with those by PTA-Mg2+ method (X): Y = 0.9316 X + 0.1063, r = 0.9762 for PPD method (Y); and Y = 0.9106 X + 0.1368, r = 0.9894 for PEGME method (Y). The linearity studies showed the two homogenous methods to be linear up to 4.14 mmol/L. The lowest detectable concentration of the two methods was apparently 0.08 mmol/L. Recoveries of the two methods were 94.1%-106.2%. Hemoglobin did not interfere with the HDL-C results in the two homogenous methods, whereas icteric samples with total bilirubin > 200 mg/L showed discrepancies. Lipemia up to triglyceride concentration of 17.0 mmol/L did not interfere with the two homogenous HDL-C assays.

CONCLUSIONSThe two new homogenous HDL-C assays meet the requirements for accuracy, precision, ease of handling with massive sample, allow full automation, and are clinically useful.

Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the application of dual-probe chromogenic in situ hybridization (dual-probe CISH) in analysis of HER2 gene status of breast cancer patients by comparison with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The potential impact of chromosome 17 polysomy in the determination of HER2 status was also studied.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-six cases of paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues were retrieved. Analysis of HER2 gene and chromosome 17 copy numbers using CE-approved commercial kits of dual-probe FISH (for 146 cases) and dual-probe CISH (for 73 cases) were carried out. The results were interpreted according to ASCO/CAP, 2007 either HER2 gene copy number or the ratio of HER2/centromere 17 (CEN17).

RESULTSOf the 73 cases analyzed by both FISH and dual-probe CISH, the concordance rates for negative and positive results was 91.7% (33/36) and 97.4% (37/38) respectively, while the overall concordance rate between the two methods was 95.9% (70/73). Of the 146 cases analyzed by FISH, 13 cases were interpreted as equivocal if only HER2 copies were counted, compared with 8 equivocal cases by calculating the ratio of HER2/CEN 17. Moreover, 3 cases (4.8%) of the 63 HER2-positive cases determined by HER2 copies turned out to be HER2-negative when determined by the ratio of HER2/CEN 17; while using dual-probe CISH, 1 (3.0%) of the 33 positive cases turned out to be negative. In addition, when using FISH, there were more chromosome 17 polysomy cases (63.5%, 40/63) in the HER2-positive subgroup than HER2-negative subgroup (37.3%, 28/75) (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONSDual-probe CISH can achieve similar results as compared to FISH, indicating that this technology is a reliable alternative to FISH in HER2 testing. The accuracy can further be improved when HER2 and chromosome 17 are simultaneously tested and counted.

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 ; genetics ; Gene Dosage ; Genes, erbB-2 ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; methods ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Paraffin Embedding ; Polyploidy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the value of valplast dentures in the temporary restoration of single missing anterior tooth.

METHODSTotally 76 patients who needed temporary restoration of single missing anterior tooth were involved and equally divided into two groups according to their own choices of procedures: group A, with valplast dentures as their temporary dentures and group B, with conventional removable partial dentures as their temporary dentures. Meanwhile,38 patients who had their single anterior teeth pulled out and did not need temporary dentures were enrolled as control group without any temporary restoration, and impressions were taken immediately before the temporary dentures were used (2 weeks after tooth extraction) and before the initiation of permanent restorations (97-100 days after tooth extraction).The heights of clinical crowns of the adjacent teeth were also recorded twice from plaster models made from the impressions.The height of labial gingiva recession was calculated as the difference between the two heights recorded.

RESULTSThe height differences of clinical crowns of the adjacent teeth was 0.5mm (range: 0.0-1.2mm) in group A, which was significantly larger than those in group B [0.0mm;(range: 0.0-0.6mm)](P<0.05) and in group C[0.0mm;(range: 0.0-0.4mm)](P<0.05).However, the difference was not significant between group B and group C (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONApplication of valplast denture as temporary denture may cause labial gingival recession of the adjacent teeth, and therefore is not suitable for the restoration of single missing anterior tooth.

Adult ; Dental Restoration, Temporary ; instrumentation ; Dentures ; adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gingival Recession ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tooth Loss ; therapy ; Young Adult