Objective To investigate the inactivating effect of heat and ultraviolet(UV) light on HCV JFH-1 strain using the cell culture system. Methods The HCV JFH-1 virus stock, with an initial titer of 2.5 × 104 FFU/ml, was exposed in 56℃ water bath or to UV light for varying durations of time for explo-ring their inactivating effects on the virus. The kinetics of virus titer reduction was determined by an indirect immuno-fluorescence assay (IFA). If the cells infected with the exposed virus stock were IFA negative after three blind passages, the virus stock was considered to be inactivated completely. Results After incubation of the HCV JFH-1 virus stock (2.5 × 104 FFU/ml)in 56℃ water bath for 10 min, 20 min and 30 min, the virus titers were reduced to 1.6 × 103 FFU/ml, 3.1 × 102 FFU/ml and 3.3 × 10 FFU/ml, respectively. The exposure of the virus stock to UV light (wavelength 253.7 nm, intensity ≥60 μW/cm2, 30 cm below the UV lamp) for 15 s, 30 s and 45 s resulted in virus fiter reduction to 1.0 × 103 FFU/ml, 1.1 × 102 FFU/ml and 2.7 × 10 FFU/ml, respectively. After 40 min incubation of the virus stock at 56℃, or 1 min exposure to UV light (wavelength 253.7 nm, intensity ≥60 μW/cm2) the virus infectious titer was reduced below the detection limit of IFA, and the IFA was still negative even after three blind passages, indicating that the virus was inactivated completely. Conclusion HCV is sensitive to heat and UV light treatment. For HCV JFH-1 virus stock containing 2.5 × 104 FFU/ml virus, heat treatment at 56℃ for 40 min, or UV light expo-sure at an intensity of ≥60 μW/cm2 for 1 min, resulting in complete virus inactivation.

As the number of patients with compromised immune function increases and fungal resistance develops, so does the risk of contracting deadly fungi in humans. Both fungi and humans are eukaryotes, so identifying unique targets for antifungal drug development is difficult. In addition, the existing antifungal drugs are limited by toxicity, drug interaction and drug resistance in practical application, which leads to the increasing incidence and fatal rate of fungal infections. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new antifungal drugs. The semi-synthetic technology using microbial fermentation products from natural sources as lead compounds has become the most used method in structural modification of antifungal drugs due to its advantages of few reaction steps and easy operation. This paper will introduce the current status of natural antifungal drugs in clinical use, as well as the latest progress in the research and development of new semi-synthetic antifungal drugs, and summarize their mechanism of action, structural modifications, advantages and disadvantages, so as to provide reference for the subsequent development of new antifungal drugs.

Objective To clone and express the HIV-1B gp120 genes isolated at different organizations from a patient died of AIDS dementia complex (ADC) in eukaryotic cells.Methods Using the genomic DNA isolated from peripheral lymphnodes,choroid plexus and occipital white matter from a patient died of ADC as the template,HIV-1B gp120 gene was amplified with PCR.After sequenced,HIVIB gp120 was inserted into pcDNA3.1 ( + ) and recombinant expressing vector gp120/pcDNA3.1 ( + ) was constructed succeffuly confirming with sequencing. Then expressing vector was transfected into eukaryotic cells U87 using liposome transfection and expression of HIV-1B gp120 gene was assayed with indirect immunofluorescence.Results HIV-I B gp120 genes isolated from peripheral lymphnodes,choroid plexus and occipital white matter of the ADC patient were successfully cloned and recombinant expressing vector gp120/pcDNA3.i ( + ) could express envelope glycoprotein HIV-1B gp120 in U87 cells.Conclusion All the HIV-1B gp120 gene isolated at the different organizations of the same ADC patient could express in U87 cells,which may supply a valuable basis for studying the neurotoxicity and neurotoxic mechanism of HIV-1 gp120 protein.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma in childhood. Methods Sixty patients under 14 years of age with thyroid carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Results Forty-nine suffered from papillary carcinoma, eight were with follicular carcinoma and three with medullary carcinoma. Cervical lymph node metastasis was found in 36 cases (60%). Operations included unilateral total thyroidectomy and isthmectomy in 20 cases (33.3%), unilateral total thyroidectomy and contralateral subtotal thyroidectomy in 36 cases (60%) and total thyroidectomy in 4 cases (6.7%). The follow-up period was 1 to 20 years (mean 10.5 years), and the survival rate of 5 and 10 years were 93% and 87.1% respectively. Conclusions Most thyroid carcinoma in children is well differentiated and the prognosis is good. A proper surgical procedure and postoperative comprehensive therapy are important for good outcome.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to explore the clinical experiences and access the auditory performance and speech intelligibility of cochlear implantation in patients with inner ear malformations. METHODS Among 700 patients who received multi-channel cochlear implantation from 1997 to 2007 in Beijing Tongren Hospital, 108 patients were diagnosed with malformed inner ear. A retrospective study was performed about the surgical characteristics and the mapping characteristics after implantation. The long term follow-up of the rehabilitative efficacy will also be presented. RESULTS ①All patients restituted auditory after operation. ②After the regular rehabilitation, the long term follow-up of the auditory performance and speech intelligibility were very positive. Everyone has shown improved listening and communication skills evaluated by Categories of Auditory Performance and Speech Intelligibility Rating. ③Most of the children are studying or working and are actively involved in their local communities. CONCLUSION The cochlear implantation can be performed safely in patients with malformed inner ear. The results suggest that cochlear implantation could also provides long-term benefits to those malformed inner ear cases.

Patients with early cataract may have normal visual acuity ( VA ) but complain that they have problems in driving at night, like seeing things through a veil. This phenomenon is defined as disability glare which maybe caused by growing stray light. Patients with intraocular lens following cataract surgery may complain about glare, halos and shadows in visual field, which are also resulted from dysphotopia. Disability glare is the VA loss due to disturbing luminance in visual field. ln other words, it's the retinal contrast sensitivity reduction because of the straylight. This article contains the consensus and new progress of disability glare. lt provides solutions according to its effect factors and offers clues for further study.

Objective: To establish the method for determination of barium sulfate in the air of workplace. Methods: The barium sulfate was collected by dichloride ethylene filter membrane and then processed by alkali fusion method. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for the detection of barium sulfate. Results: The sampling efficiency was 100%, the linearity of ICP-OES was good at the range of 0.1~100.0 μg/mL, the recovery was ranged from 93.0%~97.8%, the RSD of intra- and inter-batch precision were 3.7%~7.6% and 4.7%~8.8%, respectively. Conclusion The sampling method and determination method meet the requirements of analysis and apply to the collection and determination of barium sulfate in the air of workplace.

Objective: To establish the method for determination of tungsten and insoluble compounds in the air of workplace by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) . Methods: The tungsten and insoluble compounds were digested by microwave digestion apparatus using nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid, detected by ICP-OES. Results: The linearity of tungsten and insoluble compounds (as tungsten) were good at the range of 0.16-100.0 μg/ml, the minimum quantitation concentration was 0.11 mg/m³, the recovery was ranged from 81.9%-97.1%, the RSD of intra-and inter-batch precision were 0.5%-2.5% and 1.2%-4.4%, respectively. Conclusion The determination method meet the requirement of analysis and apply to the determination of tungsten and insoluble compounds in the air of workplace.

Background:As a congenital malformation that results in infertility and an inability to have vaginal intercourse,Mayer-RokitanskyKüster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome places a considerable psychological burden on patients,which results in anxiety symptoms.However,only single case studies or a few small to medium-sized cross-sectional studies were identified to focus on anxiety symptoms in MRKH patients.Thus,the aim of this study was to explore the status of anxiety symptoms and the related factors in patients with MRKH syndrome.Methods:This cross-sectional study involving 141 patients with MRKH syndrome and 178 healthy women was conducted from January 2018 to December 2018.All participants were required to complete a demographic questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7),Patient Health Questionnaire-9,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised,Short Scale for Chinese,and Chinese Version of the Female Sexual Function Index.The main outcome was the anxiety symptoms measured by the GAD-7.Main outcome was compared between the MRKH syndrome group and the healthy control group.Then,we explored the related factors by comparing patients with and without anxiety symptoms.Results:Of the respondents,24.1％ experienced moderate to severe anxiety symptoms.Patients with MRKH syndrome manifested more severe anxiety symptoms than healthy women.Negative self-evaluation of femininity (odds ratio [OR] 2.706,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.010-7.247),neurotic personality traits (OR 1.100,95％ CI 1.029-1.175),and coexisting depressive symptoms (OR 4.422,95％ CI 1.498-13.049) were more prevalent in anxious patients.Conclusion:The findings stress the importance of anxiety symptom screening in MRKH patients and identify patients at risk of anxiety symptoms,providing a possible basis for future intervention.