In order to identify the chemical constituents of Yushu tablets comprehensively, we studied the chemical constituents of CHCl3 extract from Yushu tablets by the ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-IT-TOF/MS). It showed that there were more than 100 compounds separated, and forty-nine peaks among these were identified on the basis of high resolution mass spectrometry data and literature data reported. Determination of twelve peaks was further confirmed by standard substances. These components assigned to the different plant sources mainly included phenylpropanoids, triterpenoids, quinones and m-trihydroxybenzene compounds. By analyzing the chemical components of CHCl3 extract from compound Chinese medicine Yushu tablets comprehensively, this study provided the foundation for studying chemical components, pharmacodynamic substance and quality control of Yushu tablets.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Tablets ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To study the expression level of thyroid insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) in iodine deficiency and excess mice and the effect of thyroid gland IGF-Ⅰ in the thyroid morphological change. Methods Forty-eight Balb/c mice were chosen as studied objects,weighing about 16 g. They were divided into three groups: low iodine(LI,iodine content of 50 μg/kg in feed,drinking deironized water) group,normoi(NI,iodine content of 300 μg/kg in feed,drinking deironized water) group and high(HI,iodine content of 300 μg/kg in feed,iodoine of content 14 700 μg/kg in drinking) group,16 mice in each group. Mice were put to death after 12 weeks and taken out of their thyroid gland. The body weight,absolute and relative weights of thyroid gland were measured and the morphological change of thyroid gland were observed under microscope. The expression levels of thyroid gland IGF-Ⅰ mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,respectively. Results There were statistical significances between groups of thyroid absolute and relative weights(F = 315.881,405.921,all P < 0.01). LI group [(10.71±4.03) mg,(44.98±15.39)mg/100 g body weight]and HI group [(3.42±1.17)mg,(13.50± 3.89)mg/100 g body weight]had heavier thyroid absolute and relative weights than NI group[(2.11±0.53)mg,(8.35±1.98)mg/100 g body weight,all P < 0.01]. Under microscopy,the thyroid follicle capacity grew down and the follicle quantity grew up in LI group,the epithelium was stylolitic,the colloid diminished or absence in follicular cavity,while HI group presented colloid accumulation without follicular hyperplasia. The expression level of thyroid gland IGF-Ⅰ mRNA in LI group(1.03±0.32) was more than that in NI(0.65±0.19) and HI(0.59± 0.20) groups(F= 7.518,P< 0.01). In contrast to NI,there was no difference in the expression level of thyroid gland IGF-Ⅰ mRNA in HI group(P > 0.05). The brownish particles of LI group were more than NI and HI groups in the thyroid follicle epithelium by immunohistochemistry,while HI group was less than NI group. Conclusions The mice of iodine deficiency presented follicular hyperplasia goiter,the mice of iodine excess presented colloid accumulative goiter. The change of IGF-Ⅰ mRNA and protein expression may participate morphologleal change,indicating autocrine IGF-Ⅰ of thyroid gland may play an important role in regulating goiter formation.

Cantharidin is a terpenoid compound secreted by Mylabrisphalerata Pallas.In a variety of cancer types,cantharidin has shown the effects of inhibiting cancer cell growth,proliferation and migration.The anticancer mechanism of cantharidin involves inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis,inhibiting autophagy,enhancing DNA damage,inhibiting DNA repair,and regulating various cell signaling pathways.This article reviews the mechanism and research progress of cantharidin and its derivatives in common cancer types,in order to identify novel targets of cancer treatment using cantharidin,and provide new direction for clinical research to improve anticancer therapy.

OBJECTIVEThis study was designed to examine the in vitro effects of fenvalerate on steroid production and steroidogenic enzymes mRNA expression level in rat granulosa cells.

METHODSUsing primary cultured rat granulosa cells (rGCs) as model, fenvalerate of various concentrations (0, 1, 5, 25, 125, 625 micromol/L) was added to the medium for 24 h. In some cases, optimal concentrations of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (25 micromol/L), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH, 2 mg/L), or 8-Bromo-cAMP (1 mmol/L) were provided. Concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol(E2) and progesterone (P4) in the medium from the same culture wells were measured by RIA and the steroidogenic enzyme mRNA level was quantified by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTSFenvalerate decreased both P4 and E2 production in a dose-dependent manner while it could significantly stimulate rGCs proliferation. This inhibition was stronger in the presence of FSH. Furthermore, it could not be reversed by 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol or 8-Bromo-cAMP. RT-PCR revealed that fenvalerate had no significant effect on 3 beta-HSD, but could increase the P450scc mRNA level. In addition, 17 beta-HSD mRNA level was dramatically reduced with the increase of fenvalerate dose after 24 h treatment.

CONCLUSIONFenvalerate inhibits both P4 and E2 production in rGCs. These results support the view that fenvalerate is considered as a kind of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The mechanism of its disruption may involve the effects on steroidogenesis signaling cascades and/or steroidogenic enzyme's activity.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ; analysis ; metabolism ; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Estradiol ; analysis ; metabolism ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; pharmacology ; Granulosa Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hydroxycholesterols ; pharmacology ; Nitriles ; pharmacology ; Progesterone ; analysis ; metabolism ; Pyrethrins ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; metabolism ; Rats ; Steroids ; metabolism

Apoptosis ; physiology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; enzymology ; pathology ; Carrier Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; RNA Interference ; Telomerase ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

OBJECTIVETo study the phenotypes and genotypes of a protein C (PC) deficiency pedigree.

METHODSImmunoassay (ELISA) was used for PC antigen and activated PC (APC) detection, PCR for amplification of the fragment of protein C gene exon II to exon IX, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) for difference of denatured cDNA and DNA sequencing for gene mutation.

RESULTSFour members in the pedigree were found to be PC antigen levels between 34.3% - 67.8% and PC activity between 22% - 49% which are lower in comparison with normal references (80% - 120% and 70% - 130%, respectively). A G-to-A mutation in exon VII of the protein C gene at 6 219 position was identified in 9 members. This mutation resulted in the substitution of Arg for Gln at 169 amino acid.

CONCLUSIONThe proband is of heterozygosity. The G6219 A mutation in exon VII of the protein C gene leads to the substitution of Arg 169 Gln. This mutation is reported for the first time in China.

Adult ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein C ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein C Deficiency ; congenital ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from Lamium maculatum L. var Kansuense.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated and repeatedly purified by silica gel column chromatography and the structures were elucidated by the NMR spectra and physico-chemical properties.

RESULTTen compounds were obtained and they were identified as D-mannitol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, rutin, 3'-methylquercetin-3-O-rutinoside, n-butyl-beta-D-fructopyranoside, daucosterol, acteoside, 20-hydroxyecdysone, allantoin.

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds were obtained from L. maculatum L. var Kansuense for the first time.

Allantoin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ecdysterone ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lamiaceae ; chemistry ; Mannitol ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Phenols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rutin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Stigmasterol ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo investigate the improvement of the Nuss procedure with the classification of the pectus excavatum by symmetry and extend the indication of the operation for a better outcome.

METHODSThe clinic data of 403 patients who underwent repair of pectus excavatum by Nuss technique and its modifications from July 2002 to September 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 299 male patients and 104 female patients. The age ranged from 2 years and seven months old to 32 years old, with a mean of (8.0 +/- 5.1) years old. The entire group of the CT index ranged from 3.25 to 51.20, with a mean of (5.0 +/- 3.0). According to the morphology of the pectus and practically the bar shaping, Park's classification was simplified to symmetric type, eccentric type, and unbalanced type. The patients of symmetric type were all received original Nuss procedure, and the other two types underwent the procedure using characteristic bar shaping and technical modification.

RESULTSAmong the 403 patients, 257 patients (63.8%) were symmetric pectus excavatum, and 48 patients (11.9%) were eccentric, other 98 patients (24.3%) were unbalanced type. All the patients underwent the procedure successfully. The total time of the procedure ranged from 30 to 165 min, with a mean of (45.7 +/- 12.6) min. Volume of blood loss during the operation ranged from 1 to 80 ml, with a mean of (4.8 +/- 6.2) ml. The days of hospitalization ranged from 4 to 12 d, with a mean of (7.1 +/- 1.0) d. The duration of following up ranged from 1 month to 5 years, and the results of the repair were excellent in 391 patients (97.0%). Five patients received a further operation, including 1 patient of recurrent pectus excavatum caused by bar displacement, 4 patients of protruding side way. There were 23 patients of complications for an overall complication rate of 5.7%. And the other 18 patients of complications included 2 patients of pericardium perforation, 2 patients of bar displacements caused intercostal dilaceration, 2 patients of diaphragmatic muscle injuries, 1 patient of hemothorax, 8 patients of pneumothorax, 2 patients of intermittent pains for 2 months, 1 patient of scoliosis caused by persistent pain.

CONCLUSIONTo classify the pectus excavatum with symmetry and to choose different ways of procedure can extend the indication of Nuss procedure and receive a better outcome.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Funnel Chest ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To study the cytotoxicity of cervical collar in rehabilitation technical aids and to investigate the cytotoxicity of domestic marketed products. Methods According to the experimental principle of GB/T 16886.5-2003 and GB/T 16175-2008,microscopic observa-tion and Thiazole Blue Colorimetric methods were used to observe the toxicity of extract from four different cer-vical collars on the cells(L929). Results When the concentration of the extract was 0.1 g/ml,the cytotoxicity was grade three and grade two in the cervi-cal collars D and A,respectively;and it was grade one both in cervical collars B and C.When the concentration of the extract was 0.2 g/ml,the cytotoxicity was grade four in cervical collars A and D,and was grade two in cer-vical collars B and C. Conclusion The cervical collars varied in the cytotoxicity,especially in cervical collars A and D.

Aim To explore the antidepressant effect and the mechanism of self-made prescription of strengthening spleen and replenishing Qi ( SMP-SS-RQ) . Methods The depression model of chronic un-predictable mild stress ( CUMS ) was established in mice. The animals were randomly divided into control group, model group, SMP-SSRQ low, middle and high dose groups (8, 16, 32 mg·kg-1), with 12 mice for each group. The control group and the model group were given the same volume of saline, and other groups were given corresponding dose of SMP-SSRQ. Animals of each group were administered by gavage twice a day for two weeks. Behavioral indexes of mice were deter-mined by open field experiment, sugar consumption test, forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot were respectively performed to detect mRNA and pro-tein expression levels of Igsf11 , Pdia2 and Sec14 l2 inprefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results Com-pared with model group, depressed mice' s horizontal mobile score, upright number and the sugar water pref-erence index increased and FST as well as TST de-creased in all SMP-SSRQ groups(P<0.05). The de-pression symptoms in mice were obviously improved by SMP-SSRQ therapy. Low and high doses of SMP-SSRQ significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression lev-el of Igsf11 , Pdia2 and Sec14 l2 in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of the depressed mice, presenting significant statistical difference compared with model group ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusions SMP-SSRQ can ef-fectively improve mouse depressive behavior, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of Igsf11 , Pdia2 and Sec14 l2 in mouse prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.