Objective To investigate any potential and independent demographic and serologic risk factors contributing to bone destruction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( RA) . Methods A total of 445 patients with RA were recruited in this study. Three autoantibodies including rheumatoid factor ( RF) , anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody ( anti-CCP antibody) and anti-citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 antibody ( anti-CEP-1 antibody) were quantified by using specific ELISA kits. The hand radiographs of all subjects were graded by using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde score ( Sharp score) . The potential and in-dependent risk factors were assessed by using univariate linear regression analyses and the stepwise multiple regression analysis, respectively. Results Based upon the univariate regression analyses, 7 covariates were identified as the potential risk factors for bone destruction in patients with RA, which were female (β=0. 100, P=0. 035), longer disease duration (β=0. 498, P=3. 26×10-29), RF (β=0. 096, P=0. 042), younger age at onset (β=-0. 312, P=1. 60 × 10-11 ), anti-CCP antibody positive (β=0. 202, P=1.74×10-5), anti-CEP-1 antibody positive (β=0.148, P=0.017) and positive for either anti-CCP or anti-CEP-1 antibodies (β=0. 157, P=1. 42×10-3). However, smoking (β=-0. 121, P=0. 018) were identi-fied as the potential protective factors. The multiple regression analysis indicated that the longer disease du-ration (P=2. 24×10-15) and anti-CCP antibody positive (P=0. 012) were independent risk factors for bone destruction. Conclusion Female, longer disease duration, younger age at onset, RF, anti-CCP and anti-CEP-1antibodies are potential risk factors for bone damage in patients with RA. Moreover, longer disease du-ration and anti-CCP antibody are two independent risk factors contributing to bone destruction in RA.

Objective To explore the effects and indications of physical cooling in fever patients after bone fracture surgery.Methods 450 fever patients after bone fracture surgery were selected.They were divided into different groups according to ~e main influencing factors which affected the effect of physical cooling,including the temperature of sponge bathing,the degree of fever,clinical phases of fever.The influence of above factors on physical cooling was observed.Results The temperature for sponge bathing maintaining at 38～40 ℃(the experimental group) achieved better results than that at 32～34 ℃(the control group).Physical cooling at constant peak period of fever had better effect than that during the fervescence period,and the effect of sponge bathing treatment was better in mild fever patients than in high fever patients.Conclusions The single physical hypothermia only fit the patients following bone fracture surgery who had a fever below 38.5 ℃.Patients who had an infectious high fever should receive drug combination.Temperature of sponge bathing maintaining at 38～40 ℃,bathing timing at constant peak period of fever may get best cooling effect.

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical efficacy of Huazhuo Jiedu Recipe (HJR) on chronic atrophic gastritic precancerosis (CAGP), and its effect on contents of lactic acid, total acid, free acid, and nitrite in the gastric juice, as well as tumor markers in gastric juice and blood.

METHODSTwo hundred and twenty-nine patients with CAGP were randomly assigned to two groups, the 119 patients in the treated group orally took HJR and the 110 patients in the control group orally took Weifuchun Tablet. The therapeutic course for all was three months, two courses in total. The therapeutic efficacy, changes of gastric acid contents before and after treatment were observed, and the tumor markers in the gastric juice and blood were detected using electrochemical luminescence immunoassay.

RESULTSThe pathological effective rate was 83.2% (99/119) in the treated group and 60.9% (67/110) in the control group, showing significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). The total acids and free acids in the gastric juice were significantly improved, contents of lactic acid and nitrite were significantly lowered in the two groups. Both contents of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9), carbohydrate antigen72-4 (CA72-4), and carbohydrate antigen125 (CA125) in the gastric juice and serum were significantly lowered after treatment in the treated group (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the therapeutic effect was more obvious in the treated group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHJR could stimulate the gastric membranous secretion, enhance contents of total acids and free acids. It could prevent the further progress of CAGP by decreasing contents of lactic acid and nitrite in the gastric juice, and lowering contents of CEA, CA19-9, CA72-4, and CA125 in the gastric juice and serum.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastric Juice ; chemistry ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; blood ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Precancerous Conditions ; blood ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; metabolism

Solid dispersions (SD) as a preparation of intermediates have played an important role in improving the dissolution of insoluble drugs and its bioavailability.SD technique is one of the most promising techniques to improve the dissolution and solubility of insoluble drugs,and the development of SD technique will promote the gradual perfection in preparative field.This review focuses on the carrier materials of SD,various new preparation techniques and their comparisons,application of solid dispersion formulations,and stability problems of SD.The factors influencing the stability of SD are described,and the effective measures to prevent the aging of SD are put forward.Finally,the review puts forward the practical suggestions of the solid dispersion technique.

Objective To investigate the effect of extracts from rabbit skins inflamed by Viccinia virus vaccine (analgecine) on the proliferation of human cancer cells and on the cytokine secretion in mouse spleen lymphocytes in vitro. Methods Five human tumor cell lines, HepG2, LM3, H460, A549 and HeLa were used and the effect of analgecine (1.63, 0.815, 0.326, 0.163 and0.0815 U/ml) on the cell proliferation was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay. The mouse spleen was isolated aseptically, and the spleen lymphocyte suspension was prepared and cultured with PRMI-1640 medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS). For detection of the cytokine IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-12 level, the stimulant concanavalin A (ConA) or lipoplysaccharide (LPS) was added into the lymphocyte suspension, and the lymphocytes were cultured under the presence of analgecine at the final concentration of 0.815, 0.163 and 0.0815 U/ml for 24 hours. Then, the level of the cytokines in the supernatant was detected by the ELISA kit. On the other hand, the effect of supernatant of the spleen lymphocyte cultures under the presence of analgecine at 0.815 U/ml on the proliferation HepG2 cells was also evaluated by the CCK-8 assay. The CCK-8 assay was performed after cultivation of the HepG2 cells in the whole supernatant or in its dilution with fresh medium for 24 hours. Results Analgecine showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the five tested cancer cell lines, with the inhibition rate of 58.95％, 55.08％, 57.28％, 45.80％ and 48.18％ at the 1.63 U/ml on the HepG2, LM3, H460, A549 and HeLa cells, respectively. Compared with the control group, the secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4 was significantly increased in the 0.163 and 0.815 U/ml analgecine groups (P＜0.01), while the secretion level of IL-12 was increased in the 0.0815, 0.163 and 0.815 U/ml analgecine groups (P＜0.01). The supernatant of the mouse spleen lymphocyte cultures under the presence of0.163 U/ml analgecine could inhibit the HepG2 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and the inhibitory effect of the whole supernatant was significantly stronger than the effect of the same concentration analgecine 0.163 U/ml (P＜0.01). Conclusion Analgecine could inhibit the cell proliferation of the tested five human cancer cell lines, increased the secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-12 cytokines in mouse spleen lymphocytes, all in vitro, and its effect on the cytokine secretion may be related to the inhibitory effect on the human cancer cell proliferation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical curative effect of the combination between medicine and acupoint flow on SOD, NO in patients with ulcerative colitis.

METHODTwo hundred sixty two patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into four groups: the patients in traditional Chinese medicine group were fed with changpikang, the patients in ear acupoint group were pasted and pressed spleen, large intestine, sympathesis, subcortex; the patients in medicine and acupoint group were taken with Changpikang and ear acupoint; the patients in treatment group were treated by taking sulfasalazine, with a treatment course of four weeks. The changes of SOD, NO before and after treatments were recored.

RESULTThere was a significant difference between four groups before and after treatment (P < 0.05), medicine and acupoint group was superior to that others (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe method of combination between medicine and acupoint could increase the contents of SOD, decrease the level of NO, elevate the potential of organism to resist oxygen free radical and promote intestinal tract ulcer concrescence.

Acupuncture, Ear ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Sulfasalazine ; therapeutic use ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of gene expression file in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder after hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule(hepaCAM) overexpression.

METHODSAffymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array was used to investigate the changes of gene expression profile between adenovirus-green fluorescent protein(GFP) -hepaCAM group and GFP group in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder EJ cells.Significant Analysis of Microarray(SAM) was used to screen the differentially expressed genes, DAVID software was used to conduct gene ontology analysis and wikiPathway analysis based on the differentially expressed genes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were applied to verify microarray data.

RESULTSCompared with the GFP group, a total of 2469 genes were up-regulated or down-regulated by more than 2 times in the GFP-hepaCAM group. Among these genes, 1602 genes were up-regulated and 867 were down-regulated.Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in the function of cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. The mRNA expressions of nibrin, liver kinase B1, and cyclin D1 detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in three different bladder cancer cell lines were consistent with the microarray data.The protein expressions of nibrin and liver kinase B1 in these three cell lines measured by Western blot were consistent with the mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONSHepaCAM can alter the gene expression profile of bladder cancer EJ cells. The well-known anti-tumor effect of hepaCAM may be mediated by regulating the gene expression via multiple pathways.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; physiology ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

It is generally accepted that the inhibition of apoptosis is one of the mechanism of drug resistance to tumor. Members of the bcl-2 gene family are the most important regulators in apoptosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of expression of bcl-2 and bax gene in predicting the prognosis of acute leukemia patients, and to explore the relationship between bcl-2 and bax expression and drug resistance. Seventy patients with acute leukemia entered this study. Expressions of bcl-2, bax and mdr-1 gene were measured by RT-PCR method and FCM. The result showed that: bcl-2 had been widely detected in specimens of blood or bone marrow from acute leukemia patients, the expression levels were much higher than those in normal control (1.46 vs 0.71, P < 0.05), bax expression levels and bax/bcl-2 ratio in patients had no significant difference with the control. No relationships were found between the expression levels of bcl-2 and bax and AL patients' age, sex, platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, percentage of marrow blasts, FAB classification, and S + G(2)M%. Both Bcl-2 protein expression (34.6% vs 69.2%, P < 0.03) and bax/bcl-2 mRNA ratio (37.1% vs 82.9%, P < 0.01) were associated with response to therapy and CR rate, bax/bcl-2 ratio also influences the overall survival time. There was no relationship between bcl-2 and bax expression levels and mdr-1 expression levels.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Osteomyelitis ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effcacy and side effects of [~(90)Y-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N'"-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)~0,Tyr3]octreotate (~(90)Y-DOTATATE) combined with lysine as a renal protective agent.Methods Twenty-five patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors were confirmed as somatostatin receptor subtype-2 (SSTR2)-positive by somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS).Each patient received 1-5 cycles of treatment and the interval between two cycles of treatment was 6-9 weeks.~(90)Y-DOTATATE was administered intravenously within 30 min.Lysine was injected before and after the administration of ~(90)Y-DOTATATE.After each treatment cycle.the side effects were assessed according to National Cancer Institute Grading Criteria(NCIGC).The etticacy was evaluated by the WHO criteria 8 weeks after the last treatment.Results Pattial remission was found in 1 patient (4%).minor response in 3 patients(12%),stable disease in 16 patients (64%)and tumor progression in 5 patients (20%).Two patients suffered from renal functional injuries and 3 patients developed leukocytopenia.Three patients showed nausea while another 3 patients presented vomiting.Conclusions ~(90)Y-DOTATATE in association with lysine may be a promising treatment method for the patients with metastatic and inoperable neuroendocrine tumors.More research work may be directed to reduce renal injury.