OBJECTIVE: To explore the working pattern of clinical pharmacists in participating in clinical medicine treatment.METHODS: The working pattern and working contents of clinical pharmacists in participating in clinical medicine treatment were come up with based on hospital pharmacy and the traditional working pattern of pharmacists in China as well as the working pattern of the students in the clinical pharmacist training pilots.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: To participate in clinical medicine treatment,pharmacists should possess certain professional background and have occupational orientation,and attach great importance to the continuing education of clinical pharmacy expertise and medicine-related expertise.

OBJECTIVE:To unify the understanding on hospital pharmacy,clinical pharmacy and the pharmaceutical talents in hospital.METHODS:The perspectives of hospital pharmacy authorities and some related academic institutions on hospital pharmacy and pharmaceutical talents were investigated,and the new requirements that social progress,scientific and technological development proposed for medical and health works as well as the responsibilities and tasks of hospital pharmacy and pharmacists were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Hospital pharmacy authorities and the related academic institutions should attach great importance to and unify their cognition on the orientations of hospital pharmacy,clinical pharmacy and pharmaceutical talents so as to facilitate the development of hospital pharmacy,help the pharmacists play their role in hospital,and preserve patients' rights and interests in drug use.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an elementary criteria system for the access qualifications of hospital pharmacists to serve as a basis for the setting up of training goals of pharmaceutical education in school of higher learning and in-service edu_cation of hospital pharmacists,and to provide references for related policy makers in formulating qualification criteria for hospital pharmacists at different professional level and to provide references for the professional tests and assessments of hospital pharmacists at different professional level.METHODS:The criteria system of access qualifications of the pharmacists in medical institutions was raised referenced by the trend of overseas hospital pharmacy and the status quo of hospital pharmacy in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Access qualifications of pharmacists,pharmacists-in-charge,chief pharmacists were brought forward from the following aspects:professional knowledge,work experience & capability,capability in teaching and scientific research.The higher professional level the pharmacists are,the stricter in the demands of their capabilities including management of organization,promotion of rational use of drugs and doing pharmaceutical research.

Objective To understand the resistant characteristics of staphylococcusaureus and the relationship between eryth-romycin,clindamycin resistance phenotypes and its resistance mechanism.Methods 7 6 Saphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens was identified and antimicrobial susceptibility tested by BD all-automatic microbiology analysis system.U-sing the D-test method to analyzed Erythromycin induced by clindamycin resistance.Genes (ermA,ermB,ermC and msrA) were detected by PCR methods.Results In 76 staphylococcus aureus straims gene ermA,ermB and ermC was found in 29 strains.The msrA gene was present in the 2 strains.The coincidence rate of ermA,ermB,ermC and msrA gene detection with erythromycin was 82.9%.The coincidence rate of ermA,ermB,ermC and msrA gene detection with chindamycin was 89.5%.Conclusion Clindamycin and erythromycin resistance of Staphylococcusaureus is related to the encoding of gene er-mA,ermB,ermC and msrA.

Background and purpose:Curcumin is the major effective component of curcuma,curcumin has been noted to be able to selectively inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Interferon-?(IFN-?) is one of the most important cytokines used in clinical treatment nowadays. This study was made to investigate the inhibitory effect of interferon-?(IFN-?)and curcumin on Raji cells (B-NHL) and discuss their mechanism.Methods:The variations of morphology of Raji cells were observed in culture medium after being treated by IFN-?(500,100,2000U/L) combined with various concentrations of curcumin (6.25,12.5,25?mol/L), cells were incubated with the compounds for variable times.The inhibitory ratio was measured by MTT assay, apoptosis was quantitated by flow cytometry(FCM) and the expressions of caspase6, caspase8 and caspase9 in Raji cells were detected by Western blot.Results:both IFN-? and curcumin could significantly induce apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of Raji cells, synergistic effects were found if cells were treated by the combination of IFN-? and curcumin. The overexpressions of caspase6, caspase8 and caspase9 in Raji cells could be observed in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:The combination of IFN-? and curcumin could synergistically inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis, and its potential mechanism is probably associated with upregulating the expressions of caspase6, caspase8 and caspase9 in B-NHL Raji cell.

Aim To investigate the effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, NS-398, on cell apoptosis in leukemia cell line K562 cells and its underlying mechanism. Methods Apoptotic cell percentage was examined by flow cytometry(FCM). The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 was detected by Western blot, and the activity of Caspase-3 was checked by FCM. Results NS-398 induced the cell apoptosis in K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. After NS-398 treatment, the expression of Bcl-2 protein was downregulated, whereas the expression of Caspase-3 protein was upregulated. Moreover,the activity of Caspase-3 was increased in a dose-dependent way after NS-398 treatment. Conclusion Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor,NS-398,significantly induced apoptosis in K562 cells. The underlying mechanism might be related to the downregulation of Bcl-2 and the activation of Caspase-3.

Aim To investigate the effect of Trichostatin A(T SA)on histone deacetylase (HDAC1) and P21 WAF1/CIP1,cyclin dependent ki nase inhibitor,in NB4 cells for exploring the underlying mechanism of TSA in an ti-leukemia.Methods The total proteins and P21 WAF1/CIP1 mRN A were extracted from acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cells treated with or wit hout TSA of different concentrations at different time points,Western blot anal ysis was performed to determine the level of HDAC1 and P21 WAF1/CIP1 protei n,respectively,and RT-PCR was performed to detect the level of P21 WAF1/CI P1 mRNA.Results (1)The level of HDAC1 was obviously inhibited by TSA,and had decreased at 4 hours at IC 50 and lasted for 48 h. The inhibi tion of HDAC1 was significant at the TSA concentration of 37.5 nmol?L -1 , but there was no difference between 75~300 nmol?L -1.(2)The levels of P21 WAF1/CIP1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated by TSA in dose-and ti me-dependent manner,and mRNA increased in 8 h,but the P21 WAF1/CIP1 prot ein was detected at 12 hours and lasted for 48 hours.Conclusion TSA could inhibit the level of HDAC1 and enhance the expression of P21 WAF1/CIP1 protein and mRNA,and the results suggest that inhibiting HDAC1 and increasin g P21 WAF1/CIP1 may be one of the possible mechanisms of anti-leukemia by TSA.

0.05),but the expression of P300 decreased at intermedieate and high concentration(12.5,25,50 ?mol?L~(-1),P

Histone deacetylase (HDAC1) has a high expression in many cancer cells and curcumin can inhibit the growth of cancer cells. This paper was designed to investigate the expression of HDAC1 of Raji cells and the effect of curcumin on their proliferation and apoptosis. Raji cells were treated with 3.125-50 micromol/L curcumin for 8-48 h and the growth inhibition rates of Raji cells were measured by MTT. The expression of HDAC1 on Raji cells were examined by mRNA, Western blot at 24 h various concertrations (1.6-50 micromol/L). Curcumin could selectively inhibit the proliferation of Raji cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with the inhibition rate being 52.47 %-82.18 % (P<0.01). The up-regulation of HDAC1 expression was observed within 24 h after the treatment with curcumin as shown by RT-PCR and Western blot. With the increase of concentration, the expression was down-regulated in a dose- dependent manner. It is concluded that the expression of HDAC1 plays an important role in the proliferation and apoptosis of Raji cells and curcumin can inhibit the growth of Raji cells at various concentrations and promote the apoptosis of Raji cells.

Objective To study infection status of hepatitis C virus(HCV)in patients at a tertiary first-class hos-pital in Hubei Province.Methods Detection results of HCV-IgG in hospitalized patients with non-digestive system diseases and patients in infectious diseases department between May 2012 and April 2014 were collected,HCV in-fection rates in patients of different genders and age groups were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 104 487 patients were conducted HCV detection,1 619 (1 .55%)were positive for HCV;HCV infection rates in male and female patients were 1 .56% and 1 .54% respectively,HCV infection rate was not significantly different between different genders,and different age groups(both P >0.05 ).Conclusion Positive rate of HCV in this study is lower than average national level,prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection caused by HCV should be intensified.