Objective To explore the clinical effect of probiotics combined with saline enema in the treatment of infantile diarrhea and its effect on serum inflammatory factors.Methods 186 cases of infantile diarrhea were selected,they were randomly divided into three groups according to the random number table method:probiotics group,montmorillonite group and control group.Patients in probiotics group were administered with clostridium butyricum combined with saline enema,and patients in the montmorillonite group were treated by montmorillonite combined with saline enema,and the control group was given routine treatment.Then,the clinical symptom relief time,total effective rate,serum inflammatory factor concentration and adverse reaction were observed and compared.Results The total effective rate of the probiotics group was 98.39%,and that of the montmorillonite group was 96.77%,both of which were significantly better than 80.65% of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2 =11.408,P =0.000;χ2 =8.432,P =0.018).After treatment,the serum levels of inflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor -α(TNF -α)in the probiotics group,montmorillonite group,control group were (8.30 ±2.33)pg/mL,(8.54 ± 2.47)pg/mL,(12.49 ±3.44)pg/mL,and the difference was statistically significant(F =5.120,P =0.014),also, the serum levels of interleukin -6(IL -6)in the three groups were (10.08 ±5.46)pg/mL,(11.24 ±5.84)pg/mL, (14.02 ±5.97)pg/mL,the difference was statistically significant(F =34.015,P =0.000).There were 2 cases of constipation in the montmorillonite group,the incidence rate was 3.23%,and there was no adverse reaction in the other two groups.Conclusion The effect of probiotics combined with saline enema in the treatment of infantile diarrhea is similar to that of montmorillonite,which can promote the children to alleviate the symptoms,shorten the length of hospital stay,reduce inflammation,and has no adverse reactions such as constipation,it is worth to be recom-mended widely for clinical application.

OBJECTIVE To investigate spectrum distribution of pathogens in patients with artificial airway and analyze their associated factors.METHODS The clinical data of 27 patients with tracheal intubation or tracheotomy from Mar 2005 to Mar 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Twenty seven patients were diagnosed as pneumonia.A total of 384 isolates of pathogens were collected from 258 sputum culture.The most were Gram-negative bacilli(293 isolates),and then were Gram-positive cocci and fungi.The four most pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and Acinetobacter baumannii.More multiple drug resistant(MDR) pathogens were detected in patients two weeks after intubation or tracheotomy than that after one week,and it was the same with sensitive rates to antibiotics of G-bacilli.CONCLUSIONS Patients with artificial airways have a higher morbidity of MDR pathogens and longer retention time of artificial airway can increase infection of MDR pathogens of lower respiratory tract.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare shenmai injection and establish its fingerprints,and to categorize the peaks in the fingerprints.METHODS:Shenmai injection was prepared from ophiopogonis tuber extracted by water and precipitated by ethanol and red ginseng extracted by ethanol and precipitated by water.The fingerprints of Shenmai injection was established by HPLC,and the relative retention time and peak area ratio of each common peak was determined.RESULTS:11peaks in fingerprints of Shenmai injection were noted.CONCLUSION:The method is suitable for the preparation and quality control of Shenmai injection.

Insulin receptor substrate(IRS)-1 and IRS-2 expression levels of liver tissues and skeletal muscle in intrauterine growth retarded(IUGR)rats were investigated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.An IUGR animal model was established by maternal nutrition restriction during pregnancy.IRS-2 expression level of liver tissue and IRS-1 expression level of skeletal muscle in IUGR rats at 0 and 3 weeks old were significantly lower than those in normal rats at the same age respectively,and insulin resistance was induced in IUGR,and these findings might be the molecular mechanisms susceptible to metabolic syndrome in IUGR rats.

Objective:To analyze the advantages of the pressure-regulated volume control (PRVC) mode compared with the traditional continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) mode about mechanical ventilation efficiency of ventilator.Methods: For the mechanical ventilation situations, the parameters of PRVC mode, V-CMV mode and P-CMV mode under same detecting conditions were tested by using gas analyzer, which based on the ventilation principle of PRVC mode. And then the differences between PRVC mode and CMV modes were analyzed. Results: PRVC mode can supply the almost same tidal volume, and provide lower pressure and higher compliance compare with the V–CMV mode under the same conditions. On the other hand, PRVC mode can supply more tidal volume and slightly higher compliance compare with the P–CMV mode under the same pressure.Conclusion: PRVC mode has combined with the advantages of CMV mode, and it can make sure the target tidal volume, at the same time, reduce the pressure of airway, and improve the compliance for circuit. It also can make the mechanical ventilation to got more efficiency and more safety.

Objective To develop the instrument for inpatients involvement in patient medication safety,and to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Methods The draft scale was formulated by combining results of literature review,semi-structured interviews and Delphi expert consultation.Totally 461 inpatients in a tertiary hospital in Wuhan were selected for investigation to examine its reliability and validity.Results The final scale consisted of 3 dimensions and 23 items.The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.916 for the total scale and ranged from 0.777 to 0.858 for 3 dimensions;Spearman-Brown coefficients of 3 dimensions varied from 0.740 to 0.843;the test-retest correlation was 0.742 for the total scale.The scale content validity index was 0.923,and the item content validity index ranged from 0.833 to 1.000.Factor analysis was used to extract 5 factors,and 3 factors were allowed according to the scree test.Therefore,the cumulative variance contribution rate was 51.191％ for 3 factors.Conclusion The Inpatients Involvement in Patient Medication Safety Scale has good reliability and validity.It can be used to evaluate inpatients' engagement behavior in medication safcty,and provide reference for quality management of nursing safety.

Objective To investigate the effect of poly (ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) expression inhibited by 5-AIQ on the liver metastasis in colorectal carcinoma CT26 cell lines. Methods Liver metastasis model of colorectal carcinoma was established by intrasplenic inoculation of colorectal carcinoma CT26 cell in BALB/c mice. Treated by 5-AIQ (100 or 500 ?mol/L),CT26 cells were inoculated to the spleen of the mice,or the rats were first inoculated of CT26 cells,then treated by 5-AIQ (3 or 10 mg/kg) ip. The changes spleen primary carcinoma and liver metastasis carcinoma were observed. The PARP expression in spleen primary carcinoma was detected by Western blotting. Results Significant difference was found in the splenic carcinoma size,the number of liver metastatic nodules,the grading of liver metastatic nodules in the 5-AIQ treated group and control group(P0.05). The PARP expression of spleen primary carcinoma in 5-AIQ treated groups was lower significantly than that in control group (P

Currently campus violence including the murder case in which college students shot teachers has shocked the whole society,arousing various issues for educators.This paper holds that the carrying out of life education is one key solution to those new rising social issues.Through discussing the origin of students' ignorance of human lives,the significance and measures of performing life education are explored in this paper.

[Objective] To establish a method to seperate rat mesenchymal stem cells(rMSCs) from rat marrow, culture rMSCs in vitro, and study its biological characteristics. [Methods] rMSCs were seperated from rat marrow with wall-sticking method and expanding cultured in vitro. To draw the growth curves of cells at 1th, 3th, 5th passage, detect the surface antigens with flow cytometry. To evaluate the effect of fetal calf serum with different concentrations to rMSCs. [Results] There were approximately (5～6)?105 cells after primary culture and over (2~3)?108 rMSCs at 5th passage. The appearance of rMSCs is like shape of spear and its growth curves are like shape of S. The rMSCs were positive for CD90 and negative for CD45. [Conclusions] Cells seperated and cultured by the method established in this experiment were rMSCs. They have the biological characteristics of rMSCs, and are good resources for study in tissue engineering.