OBJECTIVETo analyze the change in drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) in the PLA general hospital from January 2008 to December 2012, and to provide solid evidence to support the rational use of antibiotics for clinical applications.

METHODSThe SAU strains isolated from clinical samples in the hospital were collected and subjected to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. The results were assessed based on the 2002 American National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines.

RESULTSSAU strains were mainly isolated from sputum, urine, blood and wound excreta and distributed in penology, neurology wards, orthopedics and surgery ICU wards. Except for glycopeptide drugs, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) had a higher drug resistance rate than those of the other drugs and had significantly more resistance than methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (P < 0.05). In the dynamic observation of drug resistance, we discovered a gradual increase in drug resistance to fourteen test drugs during the last five years.

CONCLUSIONDrug resistance rate of SAU stayed at a higher level over the last five years; moreover, the detection ratio of MRSA keeps rising year by year. It is crucial for physicians to use antibiotics rationally and monitor the change in drug resistance in a dynamic way.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects

Objective: to investigate the effect of Radix Astragali(黄芪) Injection and moxibustion on white blood cell amount and cellular immunity in patients with post-chemotherapy leukopenia. Methods: eighty-six cases of post-chemotherpy leucopenia were allocated into group of acupoint injection with Radix Astragali(黄芪) plus mild moxibustion with moxa stick(treatment group) and group of westerm medicine orally took(control group), and the clinical symptoms, white blood cell amount, and the change of CD+3、CD+4and CD+8 before and after the treatment were observed. Results: acupoint injection with Radix Astragali(黄芪) plus mild moxibustion with moxa stick could enhance the white blood cell amount more markedly than western medicine. The former could increase the contents of CD+3 and CD+4, and promote the ratio of CD+4/CD+8 of the patients with tumor, meanwhile, improve the general weak, and there is a significant different between the two groups(P<0.01).

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of MR cisternography in epidermoids of the cerebellopontine angle (C-P angle).Methods The findings of MR cisternography of epidermoids of the C-P angle in 19 cases confirmed by surgery were analysed retrospectirey.The signal intensity of tumors,the effect on nerves and vessels by tumor were evaluated.Results MR cisternography depicted tumors as slight-medium hypointense (n=19) to CSF. 84% of patients had involvement of the trigeminal nerves (n=16); 42% of patients had involvement of the facial nerve and the acoustic nerve (n=8); 26% of patients had involvement of the internal carotid artery (n=5); 21% of patients had involvement of the vertebral-base artery (n=4). Conclusion MR cisternography contributes to show the anatomic details of the C-P angle and clearly depicte the relationship between tumors and nerves as well as vessels. Thus it can provide useful informations for the presurgical planning and approach of C-P angle epidermoids.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism

Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; pathology ; surgery ; Cryoultramicrotomy ; Cytodiagnosis ; methods ; Female ; Histocytological Preparation Techniques ; methods ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care ; methods ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the current situation of community nurses′practice environment and work engagement, and to analyze the impact of practice environment on work engagement. Methods Totally 380 community nurses in 26 community health service institutions were investigated with Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Results The effective questionnaires rate was 88.95%(338/380). The total of PES-NWI was 50-120 (90.542±12.095) scores, the different dimension from high to low were medical cooperation,nursing managers' ability and leadership style, high quality nursing service basis, nurses in hospital affairs, staffing and resource adequacy:(3.213 ±0.510), (3.048 ±0.404), (3.015 ±0.419), (2.739 ±0.494), (2.693 ±0.549) scores. The total of UWES was 17-88 (52.189±19.610) scores,the different dimension from high to low were activity, focus, dedication:(3.556±1.380), (3.493±1.389), (3.346±1.475) scores.Nurse practice environment ofnurses in hospital affairs and high quality nursing service basis had significant prediction effect on community nurses′work engagement, P<0.01. Conclusions It exists closely correlation between professional practice environment and work engagement. Community hospital managers should reasonable allocation of personnel and materials, provide equal participations in hospital affairs platform, meet the needs of nurses in different levels of education and learning, and perfecting the community nurses performance appraisal, in order to enhance community nurses' work engagement degree.

ve To explore the effective methods for removing the nitrogen oxides in tobacco smoke main stream. Methods Porphyrin and ferriporphyrin were added into cigarette filter with doses of 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 ?g per cigarette. The effectiveness of removal of nitrogen oxides in tobacco smoke main stream by porphyrin and ferripor-phyrin were determined by muriatic acid naphthaline-ethylene diamine spectrophotometry. Results The contents of nitrogen oxides in tobacco smoke main stream decreased with the increases of the contents of porphyrin and ferripor-phyrin added into the cigarette filters (porphyrin: r= -0.9943, P

Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of Xiaoyin Ointment for blood-heat syndrome of psoriasis and to study further its effect on single symptoms of psoriasis such as erythema,scale,infiltration,pruritus and lesion area. Methods The 99 selected patients were randomized into 3 groups and were treated by Xiaoyin Ointment,Shidu (Damp and toxin removal) Ointment,and Vaseline Ointment respectively for 8 weeks. All patients of 3 groups took the Keyin Yifang (First prescription for psoriasis) as the basic medication. After treatment,the general effect and the effect on skin lesion were evaluated objectively,and the time-effect indices and the safety were assessed as well. Results The total effective rate(93.9%) of Xiaoyin Ointment on blood-heat syndrome was significantly superior to that of Shidu Ointment (78.8%,P

Objective To explore the influence of XTP4 on genomic expression profile of hepatocyte through screening and cloning of genes trans-regulated by XTP4-expressing plasmid. Methods The expressive vector pcDNA3.1(-)-XTP4 was constructed by routine molecular biological methods, and suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was employed to detect the mRNA differentially expressed by the HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-XTP4 and pcDNA3.1(-), respectively, using lipofectamine. The twice enriched PCR products were subcloned into T/A vectors to set up the subtractive library. Amplification of the library was carried out in E. coli strain JM109. The screened cDNA were sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with Blast search after PCR. Results The amplified subtractive library containd 21 positive clones. Colony PCR analysis showed that there were 16 clones containing 200-1000bp inserts. Sequence analysis was performed and 9 kinds of encoding sequences were achieved. These genes trans-regulated by XTP4 protein involved in hepatic fibrogenesis, tumorgenesis, mitochondrial function, and cell growth regulation. Conclusions The findings obtained by SSH provide significant data for a preliminary understanding of the biological function of a new identified gene-XTP4. These results will pave the way for the study of the molecular mechanism of the transactivating effects of HBxAg and the development of new therapy for chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To analyse the lung function parameters of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to explore the clinical significance of lung function in the diagnosis and evaluation of COPD. Methods The lung function of 558 patients with COPD from January 2000 to April 2003 in our hospital was retrospectively analysed by using SPSS 10 0 software. Results The average ages of the 558 patients were 57 6?9 7 years, 78 9% of which were male. Patients with grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ COPD accounted for 70 2%. There was a negative relationship between FEV 1, FEV 1/FVC and smoking index(r=-0 039,-0 305,P