Objective To isolate and identify the aseites-derived exosomes from patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma,and explore the relationship between exosomes and the prognosis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Methods Ascites-derived egosomes were isolated by ultraeentrifugation on sucrose and D2O gradients from 41 ovarian epithelial carcinoma patients,and identified by transmission electron microscope and western blot analyses.Ascites-derived exosomes were evaluated for effect on prognosis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Resulls Exosomes were isolated and purified from the ascites in 85% (35/41)of ovarian epithelial carcinoma patients;major histocompability complex-I(MHC-I)could be detected in 100%(35/35)of the aseites-derived exosomes samples,heat shock protein-70(Hsp70)in 91%(32/35),and CD81 in 86%(30/35).The patients with positive ascites-derived exosomes had no significant difference in age,pathological type and the degree of differentiation of tumor,surgical-pathological staging,the optimal operation and the responsibility to chemotherapy(P>0.05).The patients with positive ascites-derived exosomes,the reduction of CA125 level after cytoreduetive surgery was(66±27)%,which was more than that of the patients without ascites-derived exosomes(37±86)%and all the whole patients not considering the condition of exosomes(61±44)%(P<0.01),and there were also no difference whether or no optimal operation ration(P<0.01).Conclusions There are ascites-derived exosomes in ascites from most patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma.While the relationship between exosomes and prognosis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma needs further research.

AIM: To observe the growthinhibiting cell cycle-modifying and apoptosis-inducing effects of satraplatin on human ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: The effect of satraplatin on A2780 cells proliferation was determined using MTT, and the change in cell cycle was analyzed using PI staining. Morphologic change was visualized by fluorescence and electron microscopy. AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining multiparameter flow cytometry and immuno- histochemical TUNEL assay were used to detect apoptotic cells. The activity of caspase-3 and the effect of pan-caspase inhibitor on cell viability were measured as well. RESULTS: The growthinhibiting and apoptosis-inducing effects of satraplatin were dose-dependent and similar to those of cisplatin. Satraplatin mainly caused A2780 cell accumulation in S phase accompanied by minor accumulation in G2/M phase. Cells treated with satraplatin exhibited typical morphology of apoptosis. Satraplatin-induced increase in caspase-3 activity of A2780 cells was concentration-dependent. The viability of A2780 cells was affected by pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk in a dose-dependent manner under certain concentration of z-VAD-fmk. CONCLUSION: Satraplatin-induced apoptosis in A2780 in vitro was observed. Caspase-dependent and independent pathways were involved in apoptosis induced by satraplatin, and the latter included caspase-3 dependent and non-caspase-3 dependent pathways.

Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on serum insulin (INS) levels and gastric antral cholecystokinin (CCK) content in rats with diabetic gastroparesis (DGP).Methods Sixty SD rats were randomized into groups A, B, C, D and E, 12 rats each. Group A is a normal control. A DGP model was made by an intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozocin (STZ) plus an irregular high sugar and fat diet in groups B, C, D and E. group B is a model one and did not receive treatment. Group C received electroacupuncture at points Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Liangmen; group D, electroacupuncture at the control points of Zusanli, Sanyinjiao and Liangmen. Group C, an oral gavage of metoclopramide tablet solution. Blood sugar and urine sugar were determined using a OneTouch lood glucose meter and Tes-Tape, respectively. The gastric emptying rate and the intestinal migration rate were measured by an oral gavage of phenol red. Serum INS levels and gastric antral CCK content were measured by ELISA in every group of rats before and after treatment.Results There were statistically significant differences in blood and urine sugar values between group B, C, D or E rats and group A (P<0.01) and between group C rats and group B or E (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the gastric emptying rate between group B, C, D or E rats and group A (P<0.01) and between group C rats and group B or D (P<0.01,P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the intestinal migration rate between group B or D rats and group A (P<0.01) and between group C rats and group B or D (P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in serum INS levels and gastric antral CCK content between groups B and A rats (P<0.05,P<0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in gastric antral CCK content between groups D and A rats (P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in serum INS levels and gastric antral CCK content between groups C or E rats and group B (P<0.05,P<0.01). There was a statistically significant difference in gastric antral CCK content between groups C and D rats (P<0.05).Conclusions Electroacupuncture can markedly improve gastrointestinal functions and promote gastric emptying in DGP rats. Its therapeutic effect may be related to electroacupuncture raising serum INS levels and reducing gastric antral CCK content.

OBJECTIVE To monitor the risk of occupational exposure among medical staffs and give the preventive measures.METHODS The profession high risk factor,element of sharp instrument injury,the risk of evaluation after exposure and preventive medication in 95 blood-borne among medical staffs from Nov.2005 to 2008 were analyzed.RESULTS Among the occupational exposure degree to blood source among medical staffs,the first was nurses(75.79%),the second doctors(16.84%).The sharp instrument injury was the most common type of the occupational exposure to blood source,and common appeared in the pinhead of infusion apparatus,and most appeared at the withdrawal of needles after transfusion completed or bare-handed.No staff got the infection brcause of occupational exposure to three HIV patients.CONCLUSIONS It is the key to cut down the risk of occupational exposure by enhancing the training of medical staffs,specification of procedure,enforcing standard precautions,establishment monitoring system,strengthening the report and effective treatment after exposure.

Objective: To explore the relationship between air pollutants and pediatric outpatient volumes in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality. Methods: Data of meteorological factors, air pollutants and pediatric outpatient volumes in four general hospitals were collected in Baoshan District from 2015 to 2019, and a generalized additive model was used to fit the Poisson-like distribution. The exposure-response relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and total pediatric outpatient volumes and pediatric respiratory outpatients. Results: The median of the average daily temperature and relative humidity were 18.7 (interquartile range, 14.4) ℃ and 74.5% (interquartile range, 18.0%) in Baoshan District from 2015 to 2019, respectively. The median of the average daily concentrations of PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and O3 were 35.0 (interquartile range, 35.0), 11.0 (interquartile range, 7.0), 45.0 (interquartile range, 31.8) and 84.5 (interquartile range, 50.0) μg/m3, respectively. The median of the average daily total and respiratory pediatric outpatient volumes were 680 (interquartile range, 246) and 392 (interquartile range, 253). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that temperature, relative humidity, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and O3 were associated with total and respiratory pediatric outpatient volume (all P<0.05). Under the single pollutant model, the excess risk of total and respiratory pediatric outpatient volume due to PM2.5 (ER=0.318, 0.257), SO2 (ER=1.610, 2.546), and NO2 (ER=0.808, 0.839) reached the maximum effect on the same day, and the effect of O3 (ER=0.102, 0.222) reached its maximum at the first day of lag. Under the multi-pollutant model, after O3, SO2, NO2 and PM2.5 were introduced, a exposure-response relationship between air pollutants and total pediatric outpatient volumes was the largest on the sixth day after the lag (ER=0.419). There was no exposure-response relationship between air pollutants and respiratory pediatric outpatient volumes. Conclusion PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and O3 are associated with total and respiratory pediatric outpatient volumes, and the lag effects due to different air pollutants are different.

Astragali Radix was firstly recorded in the "Shen Nong's Herbal Classic" as a top-grade and commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. Its frequently used slices include raw Astragali Radix and honey-processed products. In current studies, many reports were made on honey-processed Astragali Radix, whereas fewer study reports were made on the cutting process of Astragali Radix. Currently, because Astragali Radix is primarily cut by drug workers according to their operating experience, but with out specific cutting parameters, it is easy to cause the loss or mildew of active ingredients. As a result, the quality of Astragali Radix circulated in the market is not guaranteed, and the quality of their slices and preparations are hard to be controlled, which seriously impact the clinical efficacy. In response, this experiment was performed, in which the optimum cutting process of Astragali Radix was taken as the study objective, the Box-Benhnken central composite design in the response surface analysis was adopted, and the content and appearance character of astragaloside and calycosin-7-glucoside were regarded as the study indicators. Three factors, namely the softening time, the drying temperature and the drying time, were selected to optimize the cutting process of Astragali Radix and obtain the optimum cutting process parameters as follows: the softening time was 3 hours, the drying temperature was 50 degrees C, and the drying time was 4 hours. According to the verification test, the Astragali Radix cutting process is steady and feasible, which has certain significance for normalizing the cutting process of Astragali Radix.
Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

ObjectiveCluster analysis method was applied to analyze the data of brick-tea-born fluorosis,to clarify the provincial and municipal classification hierarchy in nation-wide epidemic areas and to guide the prophylaxis and treatment of the disease.MethodsPrevalence survey database of the 2007 national brick-tea-born fluorosis was analyzed.Detection rate of second degree and above clinical skeletal fluorosis as clustered index,clustering analysis of all survey data was carried out,clustering figure was drawn,and analysis of variance and multiple comparison was done.ResultsThe provincial level of the nation-wide epidemic areas of the brick-teaborn fluorosis could be classified into three categories:the first category including Tibet and Sichuan province,the second category including Qinghai province,and the third including Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Xinjiang and Ningxia provinces; The city-level they were also could be classified into three categories:the first category including Aba,Shigatse region and Lhasa,the second including Wulanchabu,Hulun Buir,Baotou,Qinghai state,Guoluo state,Haixi state,Xining city,Haidong state,Ganzi state,Longnan city,Jiuquan city,Urumqi city and the state of Bortala,and the other cities were the third category cities.The differences of clinical skeletal fluorosis detection rate between the first,second,and third provincial and municipal categories(35.18％,16.21％,5.22％,41.16％,19.64％,4.19％) were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsBrick-tea-born fluorosis can be classified by using cluster analysis at the provincial and municipal levels.Cluster analysis results can provide a scientific basis for effective implementation of the prophylaxis and treatment of brick-tea-born fluorosis.

Objective To investigate the value of cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTn Ⅰ) in diagnosis of multi-trauma patients combined with myocardiac contusion.Methods A retrospective review was made on 98 cases of multi-trauma patients combined with blunt chest trauma.The groups were identified according to whether the patients were associated with myocardiac contusion or not,including myocardiac contusion group (n =48) and non-myocardiac contusion group (n =50).The detection and diagnosis of myocardiac contusion in the use of different cut-off points of cTn Ⅰ and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme/creatine kinase (CKMB/CK) or their combination were compared between groups.Results cTn Ⅰ ≥0.60 ng/ml had a specificity of 90.0％,a sensitivity of 64.6％ and a Youden index of 0.54 in diagnosis of myocardiac contusion,indicating a best diagnostic accuracy as a single parameter.As compared with the single use of cTn Ⅰ ≥ 0.60 ng/ml or CKMB/CK ≥ 6％ in diagnosis of myocardiac contusion,the combined use of two parameters presented a significantly higher diagnostic sensitivity (85.4％ vs 64.6％ ; 85.4％ vs 27.1％ respectively,both P ＜ 0.05),but no markedly lower specificity (84.0％ vs 90.0％ ; 84.0％ vs 88.0％ respectively,both P ＞0.05).cTn Ⅰ level was positively correlated with ISS score of the multi-trauma patients combined with myocardiac contusion (r =0.534,P ＜ 0.01).Mortality rate in patients with severely increased cTn Ⅰ was much higher than that in patients with mild-moderately increased cTn Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions cTn Ⅰ ≥0.60 ng/ml presents a high sensitivity and preferable specificity for diagnosis of multiple trauma patients combined with myocardiac contusion.It can be served as a biomarker for diagnosis of MC and its combination with CKMB/CK≥6％ improves the diagnostic sensitivity.cTn Ⅰ can be used as an assessment indicator for the early risk stratification and outcome in multi-trauma patients combined with myocardiac contusion.

Objective To evaluate the surgical treatment of Nevin′s stage Ⅳ and Ⅴ gallbladder carcinoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 62 cases of Nevin′s stage Ⅳ and Ⅴ gallbladder carcinoma patients undergoing surgical treatment from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 2002. Results There were 17 cases of stage Ⅳ and 45 of stage Ⅴ. Cholecystectomy was performed in 32 cases with a resection rate of 52%, 7 cases received radical resection, 10 extended radical resection and 15 palliative resection. The total surgical morbidity rate was 35.3%. Postoperative 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rate of radical and palliative resection were 61%, 31%, 11% and 27%, 13%, 0 respectively (P

BACKGROUND: Lidocaine is deemed to can attenuate the inflammatory response, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a key process of imflammatory response. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of lidocaine on activation and apoptosis of NF-κB in human neutrophiis in vitro. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The controlled experiment was conducted at the Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology from October 2006 to February 2007. MATERIALS: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (0127:B8) was purchased from Sigma, USA. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from healthy donors after their informed consent. METHODS: Human neutrephilic granulocytes were assigned into five groups: ① saline control, ② TNF-α, ③ TNF-α+ lidocaine 1.0 mmol/L, ④ TNF-α+ lidocaine 2.0 mmol/L, and ⑤ TNF-α+ lidocaine 4.0 mmol/L groups. Incubation wasperformed for 3 hours.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effects of lidocaine on expression of NF- κB mRNA and I- κB mRNA in the cytosol extracts were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and content of p65 protein were analyzed by Western blot. Neutrophilic granulocyte apoptosis was detected on flow cytomatry after incubation 12 hours and 24 hours.RESULTS: The expression of NF- κB mRNA in the nuclear extracts was significantly decreased and I- κB mRNA in the cytosoI extracts was markedly increased in the lidocaine group. The expression of NF- κB was significantly better in the 2.0 mmol/L and 4.0 mmol/L lidocaine groups than in the 1.0 mmol/L lidocaine group (P< 0.05). No significant difference was detected between the 2.0 mmol/L lidocaine group and the 4.0 mmol/L lidocaine group (P0.05). Lidocaine could significantly inhibit peripheral blood neutrophilic granulocyte apoptosis induced by TNF-α (p < 0.05). The inhibitory effect was significantly better in the 4.0 mmol/L lidocaine group than in the 1.0 mmol/L lidocaine group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Lidocaine (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mmol/L) can down-regulate the expressions of NF- κB subunit p65 mRNA and the content of p65 protein in human polymorphoneclear neutrophils, and can significant reverse the reduction of apoptosis induced by TNF-α.