Objective To investigate the dynamic abnormality of anorectum in elderly patients with chronic constipation.Methods Anorectal perfusion manometry was performed to detect the change of anal canal pressure and the rectal sensation capacity in 58 elderly patients and 36 non-elderly adults with chronic constipation.The results were compared retrospectively.Results Anal resting pressure in a chronic constipation was significantly lower in elderly patients than in non-elderly adults,with statistically significant difference [(59.74 ± 2.31) mmHg vs.(68.22 ± 2.37) mmHg,t =2.430,P =0.017].The incidence of paradoxical motility of anal sphincter was significantly higher in elderly patients with three abnormalities(incomplete defecation,Bristol stool scale type 3-5 and straining at defecation) than in elderly patients without above three abnormalities (x2 =8.880、11.540、6.070,P =0.003、0.001、0.014).Maximal tolerable volume was significant lower in elderly patients with straining at defecation and abdominal pain than in control group (t =2.140,2.260,both P ＜ 0.05).No correlation was observed between sex and anorectal motility in elderly patients with chronic constipation.Conclusions Anorectal motility in elderly patients with chronic constipation is different from that in non-elderly patients with chronic constipation.The dynamic abnormalities of anorectum in chronic constipation are different in elderly patients with different symptoms.

Background Reasearches showed that α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) inhibits inflammation and ameliorates the ocular surface abnormalities in a scopolamine-induced dry eye rat model,and the managing effect of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on dry eyes also has been determined.However,whether α-MSH can enhance the therapeutic effects of CMC remains to be investigated.Objective This study was to investigate the protective effects of α-MSH combined with CMC on ocular surface in a scopolamine-induced dry eye rat model.Methods Sixty clean female Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group,NaCl group,CMC group,α-MSH group and α-MSH+CMC group,and 10 rats for each group.The dry eye models were established by subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide at 9:00,12:00,15:00 and 18:00 per day for 28 days.0.9％ NaCl solution,1×10 3 mg/ml α-MSH solution,0.5％ CMC eye drop,and 1 ×10-3 mg/ml α-MSH+0.5％ CMC solution were topically administered twice a day (8:00,17:00) since the initial day of modeling according to grouping.Shirmer Ⅰ test (S Ⅰ t),breakup time of tear film (BUT) and corneal fluorescence staining were performed before and 7,14,21,28 days after the application of drugs.At 28 days following the administration of drugs,the eyeballs of the rats were collected.Hemotoxylin and eosin staining was employed to examine the morphology of corneas,and periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining was used to count the conjunctival goblet cells.This study protocol was approved by Experimental Animal Ethic Committee of Tianjin Medical University (SYXK 2009-0001),and the use and care of the rats complied with ARVO Statement.Results The S Ⅰ t and BUT values were significantly reduced,and the corneal fluorescence staining scores were significantly increased over time following modeling in the model control group (all at P＜0.01).No significant differences were found in the S Ⅰ t,BUT and corneal fluorescence staining scores between model control group and NaCl group at various time points (all at P＞0.05).At 7,14 and 21 days after intervention,the S Ⅰ t values were (4.800±0.789),(4.100±0.516) and (4.300±0.856) mm in the α-MSH+CMC group,which were considerably higher than (2.875 ±0.719),(2.375 ±0.619) and (2.532±0.957)mm in the NaCl group (all at P＜0.01).At 7 days after intervention,the BUT values were (4.938± 1.843) seconds and (5.000±1.491) seconds in the α-MSH group and α-MSH+CMC group,which were significantly higher than (3.250±1.000) seconds in the NaCl group (both at P＜0.01).The corneal fluorescence staining scores in the CMC group,α-MSH group and α-MSH+CMC group were significantly lower than that in the NaCl group,with the lowest score in the α-MSH +CMC group (all at P＜0.05).The thickening of corneal epithelial layer,corneal edema and arrangement disorder of corneal stroma were found in the model control group and NaCl group;while slight corneal edema and epithelial cell proliferation were exhibited in the α-MSH+CMC group by hemotoxylin and eosin staining.PAS staining showed that the number of goblet cells was much more in the CMC group,α-MSH group and α-MSH+ CMC group than that in the model control group and NaCl group (all at P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The sole application of α-MSH or CMC alleviates ocular surface damage and morphological abnormality to certain extent,and the combination of α-MSH and CMC generates more effective protection in comparison with sole administration of α-MSH or CMC.The early application of the drugs plays an improvement role in tear secretion and tear film stability in dry eyes.

Chronic gastritis has varied clinical symptoms and prolonged course,and seriously affects the life quality of patients.Studies have shown that mood disorders might affect the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis.Aims:To investigate the incidence of anxiety and depression and its relationship with digestive symptoms,Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection,degree and activity of inflammation in patients with chronic gastritis.Methods:A total of 235 patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis were enrolled.Anxiety,depression,gastrointestinal symptoms,gastric mucosal inflammation and activity were evaluated,and infection of Hp was detected.Results:In the 235 patients,144 (61.3%)were accompanied by anxiety and/or depression:108 patients (46.0%)were accompanied by anxiety,129 patients (54.9%) were accompanied by depression,93 patients (39.6%)were accompanied by anxiety and depression.Incidence of abdominal pain,abdominal distention and early satiety,scores of digestive symptoms,positive rate of Hp infection and incidence of severe inflammation in patients accompanied by anxiety and/or depression were significantly higher than those in patients without anxiety and depression (P<0.05 ),but no significant difference in inflammation activity was seen between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions:Incidence of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic gastritis is high.Anxiety and depression are associated with abdominal pain,abdominal distention and early satiety,and can affect the inflammatory degree of gastric mucosa.Patients with anxiety and depression are susceptible to Hp infection.

OBJECTIVEThis preliminary study aims to investigate the effects of titanium and titanium alloy micro-nano-dimensional topography on the biological behavior of osteoblasts in vitro.

METHODSElectrolytic etching (EE) method was used to produce micro-nano dimensional titanium surfaces. The surfaces were observed to determine their effects on the adhesion, proliferation, cell morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of osteoblasts.

RESULTSThe surfaces of the titanium and titanium alloy groups exhibited higher adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts than those of the mechanical group. The titanium surface was covered with a group of cells, a large number of filopodia, and functional particles. The ALP activity of the titanium group was significantly higher than that of the titanium alloy and mechanical groups.

CONCLUSIONEE method in pure titanium and titanium alloy surfaces result in bowl-like nests and nanostructures of different diameters and depths. The diameters of the pure titanium and titanium alloy surfaces range from 30 to 50 μm and 5 to 8 μm, respectively. The former is more conducive to promote the proliferation and differentiation of cells.

Alloys ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Dental Etching ; Humans ; Nanostructures ; Osteoblasts ; Prostheses and Implants ; Surface Properties ; Titanium

Objective To study the relationship between environmental chemical elements,vires infection and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).Methods In 2008,233 patients with DCM(case group)and 150 patient with stable angina(control group)were chosen in Liaocheng People's Hospital and Yanggu People's Hospital,Shandong province.Population distribution and disease history were surveyed in the two groups.Human myocardial antibody IgG(AMA-IgG),Coxsackie B virus IgG(CBV-IgG),Adenofirus antibody IgG(ADV-IgG)were detected by ELISA in both the case group and the control group.Serum trace elements were detected in the two groups.The general chemical and toxicological indicators in drinking water of the high-and the low-incidence aireas of the disease were control group[60.00%(90/150),χ2=13.80,P<0.01)].Per capita annual income(Yuan,RMB)in the case group (3207.82±618.51)was lower than that of the control group[(5086.61±886.12),t=24.40,P<0.01].Personal alcohol consumption in the case group[(175.00±160.50)g/d]was higher than that of the control group[(110.22±100.03)g/d,t=4.40,P<0.01)].The rate of myocarditis in the case group[5.15%(12/233)]was higher than ADV-IgG in the cage group were 7.78%(7/90),6.67%(6/90)and 6.67%(6/90),respectively.Compared with those in the control group[3.33%(2/60),5.00%(3/60)and 5.00%(3/60),χ2=1.26,0.18,0.18,all P>0.05],no mg/L]in drinking water of the high-incidence areas were significantly higher than that of iron[(0.39±0.67)mg/L,t=2.11,P<0.05]and that of manganese[(0.15±0.14)mg/L,t=3.01,P<0.01]in the low-incidence arefas.The content of semm iron[(69.1±57.8)μmol/L]in the case group evidently exceeded the normal range(15.6-35.9 μmol/L)and obviously higher than that in the control group[(20.0±17.5)μmol/L,t=5.04,P<0.01].Conclusions Theso data do not support that DCM is related with persistent virus infection and autoimmunization.DCM is probably related with low incomes,high alcohol consumption,myocarditis,high iron and manganese contents in drinking water and high content of serum iron.

This paper is to report the study of the metabolism of lidamycin in vitro including in plasma and microsomes to guide clinical therapy. Lidamycin was quantified by detecting its active ingredient using HPLC-MS/MS. The metabolic stability of lidamycin in rat, Beagle dog, monkey and human plasma and liver microsomes, and its inhibition to cytochrome P450 isoforms in human liver microsomes were studied. Results showed that lidamycin was metabolized in the four species of plasma, and the sequence of metabolic rates in plasma were in rat > in dog > in human > in monkey. But among the four species of liver microsomes, lidamycin was metabolized only in monkey liver microsomes. There was almost no inhibition to cytochrome P450 isoforms at the concentrations of between 0.0005 and 10 ng x mL(-1). Therefore, the property of lidamycin metabolism in human is similar with that in dog, and metabolism of other drugs would not be decreased by cytochrome P450 as used along with lidamycin in clinic.
Aminoglycosides ; blood ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; blood ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Dogs ; Enediynes ; blood ; metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Macaca ; Microsomes, Liver ; metabolism ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

This study is to elucidate the metabolic pathway of 1,2-[bis (1,2-benzisoselenazolone-3 (2H)-ketone)]-ethane (BBSKE) in rats. Rats were administrated with a single dose of BBSKE 200 mg x kg(-1). The metabolites in rat urine, feces, bile and plasma were identified by LC-MSn analysis. The characterization of fragment ions from LC-MSn chromatography and mass spectrometry was applied to the investigation of structures of metabolites. Three phase I metabolites were detected in rat urine and feces. Two of them were also found in plasma and one existed in bile. These products were derived from oxidized, methylated and S-methylated BBSKE, separately. One phase II glucuronide of BBSKE was also found in bile. Therefore, it is possible that BBSKE was metabolized by oxidization, methylation and glucuronidation.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Bile ; metabolism ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; administration & dosage ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Feces ; chemistry ; Male ; Organoselenium Compounds ; administration & dosage ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Objective To study the characteristics and trends of drug price fluctuation in our country in order to provide reference for the governments in evaluating their policy for the macro-control and management of drug price. Methods The drug price fluctuation was empirically analyzed using the ARCH model according to the monthly drug price data from 2011 to 2017. Results The drug price presented a fluctuant increasing trend with an even fluctuation amplitude and frequency, especially after its reform in 2015. The fluctuation of drug price did not show any clustered feature and significant impact on information but a rather strong memory. Conclusion The fluctuation of drug price is relatively stable in our country. The drug price control policy plays a rather effectively role in stabilizing thefluctuation of drug price. It is thus suggested that the governments should bring their role into full play in controlling drug price, regulating drug marketing, and supervising drug price.

Objective To explore whether the pattern of dysphagia verified using videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was associated with the Iocation of the infarction in stroke patients.Methods Ninety-two patients with dysphagia (admitted between January 2015 and August 2016) who had first onset of cerebral infarction confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging were included in this study.They were divided into a unilateral brainstem group (n =29),a left hemisphere (cortex + white matter) group (n =37) and a right hemisphere (cortex + white matter) group (n=26) according to the location of the stroke.All subjects were evaluated using VFSS,and the oral transit time (OTT),triggering of pharyngeal swallowing (TPS),presence of residue in the vallecular and pyriform sinus,penetration,aspiration,cough reaction and upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening were recorded and compared among the three groups.Results There were no significant differences among the three groups in OTT (X2 =0.712,P=0.918),TPS (1.564,P =0.458),penetration (X2 =5.615,P=0.060) and cough reaction (X2 =5.882,P=0.053).The unilateral brainstem group had significantly more residue in the vallecular and pyriform sinus than the left hemisphere group (X2=6.508,P=0.011).Aspiration was significantly more frequently found in the unilateral brainstem group than in the left hemisphere group (X2=7.803,P =0.005).The unilateral brainstem group was more likely to have insufficient UES opening than the left hemisphere (X2=29.555,P＜0.001) and right hemisphere groups (X2=24.630,P＜0.001).Conclusions Unilateral brainstem stroke is more likely to cause dysphagia than the unilateral cerebral hemisphere stroke,characterized by the abnormal residue in the vallecular and pyriform sinus,aspiration and the degree of UES opening.No significant differences were found in the dysphagia between stroke survivors with stroke in right and left hemispheres.

Objective:To analyze the urodynamic and clinical features of detrusor underactivity(DU)in elderly men aged 60 years and over.Methods:Five hundred and seventy-three men aged 60 years and over underwent urodynamic measurements due to dysuria were retrospectively analyzed.According to the urodynamic parameters of bladder contractibility index(BCI)and bladder outlet obstruction index(BOOI), they were divided into the three groups: only detrusor underactivity(DU group)(BCI<100 and BOOI<20), only bladder outlet obstruction(BOO group)(BCI≥100 and BOOI≥40), and the combined non-DU and non-BOO group(NDB group)(BCI≥100 and BOOI<20). The urodynamic and clinical features were compared between the three groups.Results:The internalized 323 patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into 3 groups: 75 in the DU, 207 in the BOO and 41 in the NDB.The age was higher in DU and BOO groups than in NDB group( P<0.05). The DU group versus the NDB group showed the higher levels or values in the volume at first desire(FDV)[(279±80)ml vs.(238±72)ml], the proportions of incomplete bladder emptying(41% vs.17%), urine flow interruption(39% vs.15%)and retention(26% vs.7%), and the lower levels in the voiding efficiency(VE)[(61±32)% vs.(110±41)%], (all P<0.05). The DU group vs.the BOO group showed the increased levels or values in the FDV[(279±80)ml vs.(206±67)ml]and maximum cytometric capacity(MCC)(353±113 ml vs.281±94 ml)and the proportions of urine flow interruption(39% vs.22%), TURP(26% vs.6%), and retention(26% vs.14%), and the decreased levels or values in the VE[(61±32)% vs.(78±37%)], the proportions of DO(41% vs.77%), urgency(26% vs.43%)and nocturia(23% vs.39%)(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The main urodynamic and clinical features are manifested as the reduction of bladder sensation and bladder emptying rate, urine flow interruption, urinary retention and having a TURP history in elderly man with detrusor underactivity.The proportions of DU and BOO are increased along with aging.