Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome ; diagnosis ; immunology ; therapy ; Child ; Humans

Chondrosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thoracic Wall ; Vimentin ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of natural borneol on the permeability of blood tumor barrier (BTB) model and the expression and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signal transduction pathway related protein kinase in vitro.

METHODSC6 rat glioma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured to establish BTB model. Then 4 groups were set up, the blank control group, low, middle, and high dose borneol groups (25, 50, 100 µg/mL), 3 samples collected at 7 time points (0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 min, respectively). Blank culture medium was exchanged in the blank control group while medication. Different doses of natural borneol were administered to the 3 borneol groups. Cells were collected at different time points. BTB permeability was determined using horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Expression levels of extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK), phosphorylation extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (P-ERK), P38MAPK, phosphor-P38MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphorylation c-Jun N-terminal kinase (P-JNK) were detected using Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the same group at min 0, the permeation rate obviously increased (P < 0.01) in the 3 borneol groups at the rest time points. P-ERK expression was elevated first, reached the peak at 30 min, and gradually recovered to the initial level (P > 0.05). Compared with the blank control group, HRP permeation rate increased from 10 min to 240 min (P < 0.01), and expression of P-ERK protein increased at 30 min and 60 min (P < 0.05) in the low dose borneol group; expression of P-JNK protein decreased in the 3 borneol groups at 180 min and 240 min (P < 0.05). Compared with the low dose borneol group, expression of P-ERK protein increased from 10 min to 180 min (P < 0.05), HRP permeation rate increased from 30 min to 180 min (P < 0.05), expression of P-JNK protein decreased at 180 and 240 min (P < 0.05) in the middle dose borneol group. Compared with the middle dose borneol group, HRP permeation rate increased from 10 min to 180 min (P < 0.05), expression of P-ERK protein increased from 10 min to 180 min (P < 0.05), expression of P-JNK protein increased at 180 min and decreased at 240 min (both P < 0.05) in the high dose borneol group.

CONCLUSIONNatural borneol arrived at the effect of regulating reversible BTB patency possibly through activating phosphorylation of ERK in MAPKs signal transduction pathway, and further reversibly down-regulating expression of associated proteins.

Animals ; Bornanes ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Coculture Techniques ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Glioma ; pathology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; Permeability ; Phosphorylation ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

BackgroundSeveral cornea collagen crosslinking methods have been used to treat keratoconus.However,the safety of these methods is dissatisfactory.Glyceraldehyde is a very potent and highly reactive crosslinking agent,with little toxicity,but its effect on corneal biomechanical property is poorly clear.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effects of glyceraldehyde collagen crosslinking on rats cornea.Methods Fifteen clean SD rats were randomly divided into 0.005 mol/L glyceraldhyde group,0.050 mol/L glyceraldhyde group and blank control group.Glyceraldhyde drops was topically administered in the right ryes 2 times per day for consecutive 7 days in the 0.005 mol/L and 0.050 mol/L glyceraldhyde groups,and no any eye drops was used in the blank control group.Seven days later,the rats were sacrificed.Transparency of corneal buttons in these different groups was evaluated.The central corneal strips of 2 mm×6 mm with 2 mm scleral tiasue were obtained for the biomeehanical stress-strain measurement,including ultimate stress ( MPa),ultimate strain (％) and 6％ elastic modulus (MPa).Corneal collagen fibril density was assessed by histological examination under a light microscopy.The use of the animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe words could be clearly displayed transcorneally in all the three groups.When strain was 6％,the stress was (0.463±0.065 ) MPa in 0.005 mol/L glyceraldehyde group,(0.846±0.240) MPa in 0.050 mol/L glyceraldehyde group,both showing a significant increase in comparison with (0.195±0.103 ) MPa of the blank control group (P=0.029,0.000 ).Following the crosslinking treatment,the ultimate stress was significant elevated in 0.050 mol/L glyceraldehydes group compared with the blank control group ( ( 10.759 ± 3.337 ) MPa vs.(5.295± 1.313 ) MPa,P =0.007 ),but no significant change between the 0.005 mol/L glyceraldehydes group and the blank control group ( ( 6.043 ±2.084) M Pa vs.(5.295 ± 1.313 ) MPa,P =0.660 ).Corneal ultimate strain was lower in the 0.005 mol/L glyceraldehyde group and 0.050 mol/L glyceraldehyde group than the blank control group (36.57％ ±3.09％ vs.43.87％ ± 1.89％,P =0.009;28.53％ ±1.89％ vs.43.87％ ± 1.89％,P =0.000).However,significantly increased 6％ elastic modulus were seen in the 0.005 mol/L glyceraldehyde group and 0.050 moL/L glyceraldehyde group compared with the blank control group ( ( 7.718 ± 1.076 ) MPa,( 14.102 ± 4.011 ) MPa vs.( 3.252 ± 1.717 ) M Pa),with statistically significant differences ( P =0.029,0.000).Histological examination showed a increase of collagen fiber density in the 0.050 mol/L glyceraldehyde group.Conclusions Corneal collagen crosslinking induced by glyceraldehyde strengthens biomechanical intensity and increases the density of corneal collagen fiber.But the safety of glyceraldehyde crosslinking for keratoconus needs further study.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis,clinical feature,laboratory examination characteristics and the prognosis of the bone marrow necrosis.Methods To analyze the clinical data of one case of diagnostic bone marrow necrosis and review the relevant literature.Results The peripheral blood examinations were as follows:the hemoglobin(HGB)level was 36g/L,platelet count was 17 ×109 /L.The biochemistry tests showed that lactate dehydro genase (LDH)was 1 454.9U /L and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)was 1 319.4U /L.Bone marrow necrosis was detected by bone marrow smear.Bone marrow biopsy was considered as a bone marrow metastatic carcinoma,which was prone to adenocarcinoma.Conclusion The bone marrow necrosis is mainly caused by the cancer,the serious infection and the drug.Its main performances were bone pain,fever,progressive decline in bloods cells,the LDH and ALP increasing and poor prognosis.In order to extend the lifetime of this kind of patients,the key lies in the early detection,the early diagnosis,and the early treatment of its primary diseases.

Objective To explore the role of Fas and FasL system in the pathogenesis of adult primary immune thrombocyto‐penic purpura (ITP) .Methods The peripheral anticoagulant venous blood samples were collected from the patients with newly di‐agnosed ITP and healthy adults .The expression rates of Fas and FasL in Th/Tc ,Th1/Th2 ,Tc1/Tc2 cells and their expression rates at platelet surface were detected by flow cytometry .Results The Fas and FasL expression rates on the surface of Th ,Th1 ,Th2 , Tc ,Tc1 and Tc2 in the ITP group were increased compared with the healthy control group(P<0 .05) .,meanwhile the FasL expres‐sion on the platelet surface was significantly increased (P<0 .05) ,but the expression of FasL on the platelet surface had no obvious change(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The Fas and FasL expression on T cell subsets and platelet surface in ITP patients is abnormal , which may be related with the pathogenesis of ITP .

A systematic review was undertaken, including studies that evaluated the incidence of the blood system adverse events of Tripterygium wilfordii (TWP). Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library were searched for relevant studies, including RCT, cohort studies and case series, of patients treated with TWP published in English and Chinese from inception up until May 25th, 2013 with the keywords including "Tripterygium wilfordii", "toxicity", "reproductive", "side effect", "adverse", "safety" and "tolerability". Relevant information was extracted and the incidence of the blood system adverse events was pooled with MetaAnalyst software. Besides, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed based on age, mode of medicine, observation time and disease system. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 49 articles were included in the meta-analysis, they were split into 54 researches incorporated in the analysis. There is a large degree of heterogeneity among the studies, so data was analyzed using random-effects model and the summary estimates of incidence of the blood system adverse events was 6.1%. The weighted combined incidence of three major blood system adverse events were white-blood cells decreasing 5.6% (95% CI, 4.3% - 7.3%), hemoglobin decreasing 1.7% (95% CI, 0.5% - 5.0%) and platelet decreasing 1.8% (95% CI, 1.0% - 3.1%), respectively . Sensitivity analyses based on 45 studies with high quality showed the combined value was close to the summary estimate of total 54 studies. The current evidence indicates that the incidence of the blood system adverse events induced by TWP was high; attentions should be paid on to the prevention and treatment of the blood system adverse events.
Blood Cells ; drug effects ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Tripterygium ; adverse effects

Background Previous studies showed that after herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection of the cornea,matrix metallo proteinase-2 (MMP-2) (produced by corneal cells and corneal epithelial cells) plays an important role in the development of HSK.Focal adhesion kinase (FAK)plays an important role on the expression,release and activation of MMPs.This study explored the expressions of MMP-2 and FAK,which induced by HSV-1 infected human corneal epithelial cells.Objective To investigate MMP-2 and FAK expression in HSV-1 infected human corneal epithelial cells.Methods Human corneal epithelial cells were infected with HSV-1 in vitro to establish cell model of viral infection.The expression of MMP-2 and FAK were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR),Western blot,immunohistochemical method and immunofluorescence method at 2 hours,20 hours and 40 hours after infection.Results At 2 hours,20 hours and 40 hours after infection,the expressionis of MMP-2 mRNA and FAK mRNA were significantly increased in comparison with uninfected cells (MMP-2 mRNA:Ftime =0.968,P=0.436 ; Fgroup =47.649,P =0.000 ; Fi ion =0.757,P =0.536.FAK mRNA:Ftime =0.658,P =0.631 ; Fgroup =35.182,P=0.000;Finteraction =1.386,P=0.137).Western blot assays showed that there were no significant differences in p-FAK,FAK or MMP-2 expressions between infected cells and control cells after 2 hours (P＞0.05),but the expression levels of infected cells were significantly increased at 20 hours and 40 hours (both at P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemistry results showed that longer infection time was associated with an increased number of cells staining for MMP-2,FAK and p-FAK.Conclusions At the initial stage of HSV-1 infected,p-FAK plays an important role in the process of virus invading and MMP-2 activation.

Objective To study the state of erythrocyte immune function in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia,and analyze the influence of various clinical status on erythrocyte immune function.Methods Fifty-two neonates with hyperbilirubinemia were enrolled and 104 healthy neonates as the control group.The adherence rate of complement 3b-receptor on the surface of red blood cell(RBC-C3bRR) and the immune complex adherence rate of red blood cell(RBC-ICR) were detected with erythrocyte saccha-romycete rosettet test.Results 1.The level of RBC-C3bRR in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia was lower than that in control group,and the level of RBC-ICR in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia was higher than that of control group(Pa0.05).3.Comparing the neonates with unconjugated bilirubin of different concentrations,there were significant difference in RBC-ICR(Pa0.05).4.There were positive correlation between RBC-ICR and bilirubin,unconjugated bilirubin in the neonates(Pa0.05).Conclusion Erythrocyte immune function in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia is obviously lower than that of control group and it is influenced by the concentratron of bilirubin and the time of phototherapy.

Ergosterol is the important component of the fungal membrane, and having stable structure. This makes it a suitable indicator for growth of fungi. In the paper, isolation and determination techniques of ergosterol as the indicator of the fungal biomass were reviewed. The methods of extracting ergosterol include traditional saponification and refluxing, rapid physical disruption, rapid ultrasonication, supercritical fluid extraction and so on. The ergosterol determination methods are high performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and thin-layer chromatography, et al. The application of these techniques was also introduced. Finally, the paper prospected the feasibility of applying the ergosterol as the indicator of fungal biomass in composting.