Adult ; Bronchoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; adverse effects ; methods ; Laryngostenosis ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Larynx ; injuries ; Male ; Wounds and Injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Mucosa ; surgery ; Nasal Septum ; pathology ; Rhinoplasty ; Tissue Transplantation ; Treatment Outcome

Culture environment is the key factor in the construction of dermal skin.It was investigated that the effects of the culture methods,including the static culture and spinner flask culture,and stir speeds on the cells proliferation,metabolism and distribution within collagenchitosan sponges.A higher cell density and specific growth rate was obtained with spinner flask culture versus static culture,especially,the 80 r/min spinner flask culture.The cell distribution in dermal substitutes from stirred culture system was more uniform than static culture,as well as that with increase of stir speeds in spinner flask.In summary,the spinner flasks culture with proper stir speed shows promise for the construction of dermal substitutes in vitro.

The metabolic characteristics of ligustrazin (TMPz) in liver microsomes were investigated in the present study. The reaction phenotyping of TMPz metabolism was also identified by in vitro assessment using recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) and UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT). TMPz was incubated at 37 degrees C with human (HLM) and rat liver microsomes (RLM) in the presence of different co-factors. The metabolic stability and enzyme kinetics of TMPz were studied by determining its remaining concentrations with a LC-MS/MS method. TMPz was only metabolically eliminated in the microsomes with NADPH or NADPH+UDPGA. In the HLM and RLM with NADPH+UDPGA, t1/2, K(m) and V(max) of TMPz were 94.24 +/- 4.53 and 105.07 +/- 9.44 min, 22.74 +/- 1.89 and 33.09 +/- 2.74 micromol x L(-1), 253.50 +/- 10.06 and 190.40 +/- 8.35 nmol x min(-1) x mg(-1) (protein), respectively. TMPz showed a slightly higher metabolic rate in HLM than that in RLM. Its primary oxidative metabolites, 2-hydroxymethyl-3, 5, 6-trimethylpyrazine (HTMP), could undergo glucuronide conjugation. The CYP reaction phenotyping of TMPz metabolism was identified using a panel of recombinant CYP isoforms (rCYP) and specific CYP inhibitors in HLM. CYP1A2, 2C9 and 3A4 were found to be the major CYP isoforms involved in TMPz metabolism. Their individual contributions were assessed b) using the method of the total normalized rate to be 19.32%, 27.79% and 52.90%, respectively. It was observed that these CYP isoforms mediated the formation of HTMP in rCYP incubation. The UGT reaction phenotyping of HTMP glucuronidation was also investigated preliminarily by using a panel of 6 UGT isoforms (rUGT). UGT1A1, 1A4 and 1A6 were the predominant isoforms mediated the HTMP glucuronidation. The results above indicate that the metabolism of TMPz involves multiple enzymes mediated phase I and phase II reactions.
Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A ; metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Drug Interactions ; Glucuronosyltransferase ; metabolism ; Humans ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Microsomes, Liver ; enzymology ; NADP ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Pyrazines ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid ; metabolism ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the efficiency and safety of ultrasonic debridement therapy (UDT) and intelligence negative-pressure wound therapy(INPWT) for diabetic foot ulcers with Wagner 2-3degree.Methods Eighty patients with diabetic foot ulcers with Wagner 2-3 degree were divided into two groups according to the treatment method.The UDT and INPWT group (INPWT group) had 53 cases.Routine treatment group(routine group) had 27 cases.Both groups were given blood sugar and blood pressure control,anticoagulation,anti-infection and supportive treatment.The efficiency and complications were compared between two groups.Results In INPWT group,29 cases were healed,14 cases showed obvious effectiveness,7 cases were effective and 3 cases were inefficacy.The total effective rate was 94.34％(50/53).For routine group,they were 7,8,6,6 cases and 77.78％(21/27) respectively.The total effective rate between two groups had significant difference (P ＜0.05).Pain was found in 9 cases and hemoglobin decreased in 1 case in INPWT group.Conclusion INPWT after UDT for diabetic foot ulcers with Wagner 2-3 degree shows a good efficiency and safety.

Objective To quantitatively study the distance between the left atrial posterior wall and the descending aorta(DLD)in the normal fetal four-chamber view using fetal echocardiography.Methods The distances between the left atrial posterior wall and the descending aorta in end-systole (DLDs) and in end-diastole(DLDd) were measured in a standard apical four-chamber view using fetal echocardiography in 300 normal fetuses.The gestation ages ranged from 20 to 40 weeks.Fetal non-cardiac biometric parameters included femoral length(FL),biparietal diameter(BPD) and gestation age (GA) based on menstrual age. The correlation between DLDs,DLDd and non-cardiac biometric parameters were analyzed.Results In normal fetuses,the DLDs was (0.32±0.08)cm with a range of 0.19 -0.48 cm,the DLDd was (0.43 ± 0.10)cm with a range of 0.25-0.62 cm.The DLDs and DLDd increased with the growth of GA,and were correlated with GA and BPD and FL significantly (r = 0.545,0.556,0.574,0.530,0.563 and 0.576, respectively,all P <0.001).The linear regression equations between DLDs,DLDd and GA,BPD,FL were:Y =0.009GA+0.041 ,Y =0.038BPD+0.028,Y =0.044 FL+0.073,Y =0.01 1 GA+0.083,Y =0.048 BPD+0.063,Y = 0.054 FL + 0.124,respectively.Conclusions In normal fetuses,the DLDs and DLDd increase with the growth of GA,and have good correlation with GA,BPD,and FL respectively.Normal reference ranges of DLDs and DLDd have been provided.These normative data may be a new tool for assessment of fetal heart,especially has potential applications in screening of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection(TPVAC),absent pulmonary valve syndrome(APVS)or other complex congenital heart defects.

Objective To investigate the value of cytokinesis-block micronuclei(CBMN)assay in estimation of the biological doses of the victims of radiation accident.Methods Samples of peripheral blood were collected from the 5 victims(Subjects 1-5)at 16 h after the radiation accident of Taiyuan,Shanxi Province.And the peripheral blood samples and bone marrow sample were collected from the victim No.1 at 23 and 24 h after the radiation.Eight days after the accident Subject 1 underwent allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.At difierent time points in the period of 1 year after the accident.peripheral blood samples were collected from these 5 victims.CBMN assay was conducted on the peripheral blood lymphocytes on the samples,and the biological doses were estimated based on the micronuclei(MN)frequencies.The nuclear division index(NDI)obtained from in vitro irradiation experiment using high dose of 60Coγ-rays was used to estimate the exposed doses for Subject 1. Dynamic arialysis of the MN frequency for the 5 victims was performed in the period of 1 year after the accident.Results The MN frequency of Subject 1 surpassed the value corresponding to the upper limit of the MN dose.effective curve.The dose range estimated bv the combination of the CBMN and NDI (CBMN+NDl)assay was 10-20 Gy for Subject 1.The doses estimated by MN frequency for Subjects 2,3,4,and 5 were 3.6,2.9,2.3,and 2.9 Gy,respectively.The estimated doses were in accordance with those estimated by physicat method.chromosome aberration analysis.and clinical symptoms.Prominent decrease of the MN frequency was observed at 26 d after the accident(18 d after the transplantation)for Subject 1(u=3.295,P<0.05).Gradual decrease of MN frequency was observed after the accident for Subjects 2,3,4,and 5.The MN frequencies 1 month after the accident of Subjects 3,4,and 5 were all significantly lower than those 16 h later(u=6.874,4.526,and 7.811,P<0.05).Conclusions Quick and accurate.CBMN assay reinforces and verifies the result of chromosome aberration analysis.The new index CBMN+NDI assay is of reference valne for estimating higher dose of irradiation.

Objective To analyze the long-term prognosis and prognostic factors of idiopathic collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and not otherwise specified FSGS in children. Methods The clinical, pathology and follow-up data of patients with idiopathic collapsing FSGS and not otherwise specified FSGS were analyzed retrospectively by Kaplan-Meier method, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 64 patients (29 idiopathic collapsing FSGS and 35 not otherwise specified FSGS) were diagnosed by renal biopsy. The 4-year renal survival rate of idiopathic collapsing FSGS and not otherwise specified FSGS were 48.3%, 74.3% respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that the renal survival time were 25.41±3.28 months in idiopathic collapsing patients, and 35.53±2.73 months in not otherwise specified patients. The different is significant (χ2=4.07,P=0.044). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that poor treatment response (HR=5.92, P<0.05) and renal insufficiency at early stage (HR=2.45, P<0.05) were independent risk factors of prognosis. Conclusions Compared with patients with not otherwise specified FSGS, the renal survival time is shorter in idiopathic collapsing FSGS patients. Patients with renal insufficiency and poor response to treatment have poorer prognosis.

Objective To establish normal reference ranges of Z-score of coronary sinus CS diameter in normal fetuses and to explore the diagnostic value of CS Z-score in fetuses with persistent left superior vena cava PLSVC Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of 227 singleton normal fetuses and 30 fetuses with PLSVC were involved Non-cardiac biometrical parameters included biparietal diameter BPD femoral length FL heart area HA and an assessment of gestation age GA based on menstrual age GA Systolic diameter of CS CSDs and diastolic diameter of CS CSDd were measured at the end of systole and diastole CSDs and CSDd Z-score models were constructed by linear regression analysis with GA FL HA and BPD as independent variables Subsequently Z-scores between normal fetuses and fetuses with PLSVC were compared Results Correlations between fetal CSDs and CSDd and four independent variables BPD FL HA and GA were excellent GA had close correlation with CSDs and CSDd CSDd Z-score= the actual measurement of CSDd- prediction of CSDd based on GA BPD FL or HA SD forecast CSDd CSDs Z-score= actual measurement CSDs-prediction CSDs based on GA BPD FL or HA SD forecast CSDs Normal reference value of CSDd and CSDs in 227 normal fetuses could be predicted as followings with GA as independent variable CSDd and CSDs were 0 139 ~ 0 3 19 cm and 0 046~0 166 cm respectively For BPD CSDd and CSDs were 0 128 ~0 303 cm and 0 040~0 1 59 cm respectively For FL CSDd and CSDs were 0 135~0 307 cm and 0 046~0 164 cm respectively For HA CSDd 0 1 57~ 0 323 cm and CSDs 0 059 ~ 0 1 75 cm respectively With GA as independent variable CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -0 906~1 256 and -0 920~0 895 respectively For BPD CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -1 168~1 196 and -0 864~0 899 respectively For FL CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -1 478~ 1 546 and -1 297~ 1 3 10 respectively For HA CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -0 832 ~ 0 610 and -0 619 ~ 0 688 respectively CSD Z-scores of 30 PLSVC fetuses as followings with GA as independent variable CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 5 263 ~ 1 1 659 and 2 846~9 923 respectively For BPD CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 4 469 ~ 1 1 000 and 2 3 10 ~9 1 14 respectively For FL CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 5 473 ~ 13 056 and 3 234 ~ 13 135 respectively For HA CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 1 922~5 701 and 1 359~5 723 respectively Z-scores of PLSVC fetuses were far away from the normals Conclusions Development of normal fetal CSDs and CSDd Z-score reference ranges is realized The CSDs and CSDd Z-scores can provide quantitative evidence in prenatal diagnosis of PLSV.

HIV-1 integrase (IN) is an essential enzyme for retroviral replication. There is no analogue for this enzyme in human cells so that inhibition of IN will not bring strong effect on human body. Thus, HIV-1 IN has become a rational target for therapy of AIDS. This review provides a comprehensive report of alpha, gamma-diketo IN inhibitors discovered in recent years. Compilation of such data will prove to be beneficial in developing QSAR, pharmacophore hypothesis generation and validation, virtual screening and synthesis of compounds with higher activity.
Anti-HIV Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; HIV Integrase ; chemistry ; physiology ; HIV Integrase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; Humans ; Keto Acids ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship