Objective:To evaluate the effects of various tapers of canal preparations on the retention of cast posts in endodontically treated upper incisors in vitro.Methods: Forty human central or lateral maxillary incisors were prepared by removing the clinical crown at 1 mm above the approximal CEJ and treated the canals with instruments of varying tapers. The groups comprising 10 teeth of each group were divided as follows: Taper 0.02 /15~40#SS (stainless steel K-files) with step-back technique as control, PF (ProFile)OS 3#/0.06 with taper 0.06/PF 25#/ in apical third, PF OS 4#/0.07 with taper PF 0.06/30# in apical third, PF OS 5#/0.08 with PF taper 0.06/35# in apical third. Then, canals were filled with gutta percha and AH Plus sealer using vertical condensation technique with a level of 5 mm of gutta-percha left in the apical segment of the root. Metal cast posts were made by direct method and then the post was cemented with HY-BOND GLASIONMER CX (Shofu,Inc)cement. The roots were fixed in copper rings with mounting plaster and mounted on a WD-5A machine.The posts were subjected to gradually increasing vertical tensile force until dislodgment of the post occurred. Force (N) required to dislodge the post was obtained for each tooth, and the average force of the groups was compared using a one-way ANOVA and SNK multiple comparisons with SAS V8.1. Results:The highest resistance to dislodgment was obtained with PF OS 4#/0.07, whereas the lowest was obtained by the PF OS 3#/0.06. Nonstatistical difference was found between Taper 0.02 /15~40# and PF OS 3#/0.06. PF OS 4#/0.07 was statistically superior to Taper 0.02 /15~40# and PF OS 3#/0.06 but not PF OS 5#/0.08. Conclusion: The retention of posts is affected strongly with the increase in the diameter than with the increase in the taper angle. PF OS 4#/0.07 with taper PF 0.06/30# in apical third seems to be the best taper for maximal resistance to post dislodgment.

To study the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level with urine albumin-to-ereatinine ratio in 193 type 2 diabetic patients.Multivariate linear regression demonstrated that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level was an independent risk factor in predicting urine albumin excretion level in type 2 diabetic patients(β =-0.02,95％CI -0.04 - -0.01,P＜0.01 ).

Objective To investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TFN-α) in human villus and deciduas from different abortion. Methods From May 2008 to May 2009, 45 women with early pregnancy( <49days)were divided into three groups, medical abortion completed group ( n = 15),medical abortion uncompleted group( n = 15 )and control group( n = 15, patients with dilatation and curettage ). The villus and deciduas were collected at the third day of medical abortion or at the day of curettage.Immunohistochemical technique was carried out to examine the distribution of TNF-α in villus and deciduas of the three groups. Results The age, gestational age, diameter of gestional sac and levels of serum E2, P and B-HCG before abortion were similar in all three groups. The expression of TNF-o in villus and deciduas of the control group was lowest among three groups[(4. 75 ± 10. 22)% vs (2. 66 ±2. 57)%]. The expression of TNF-α in villus and deciduas of medical abortion completed group was highest among three groups [(26. 67 ± 7.46) % vs ( 18. 44 ± 11. 14) %, P < 0. 05]. Conclusion Appropriate amount of TNF-α exists in the normal pregnancy, mifepristone can increase the expression of TNF-α in human villus and deciduas. and disturb reproductive immunity and effect matenal-fetal interface to induce abortion.

Objective To investigate the effects of mifepristone on the expression of fibronectin (FN) in human villus and deciduas after termination of pregnancy. Methods Women with choice of termination of pregnancy(< 49 d) were divided into medical abortion complete group (n=15), medical abortion incomplete group(n=15) and control group (with dilatation and curettage, n=15). The villus and deciduas were collected at the third day of medical abortion or at the day of dilatation and curettage. Immunohistochemical technique was used to examine the expression of FN in villus and deciduas of these three groups. Results The positive expression rates of FN in villus and deciduas of control group were significantly higher than those of two medical abortion groups(P < 0.017), and the positive expression rates of FN of medical abortion incomplete group were significantly higher than those of medical abortion complete group (P < 0. 017). Conclusion Mifepristone can decrease the expression of FN in human villus and deciduas and interfere the condition of embryonic growth, exerting the anti-gestational effect at extracellular matrix level.

Objective To examine the relationship between plasma soluble interleukin 2 receptor(sIL2R), bone metabolism markers, and bone mineral densities in female patients with Graves′ disease(GD), and to explore the role of sIL2R in bone metabolism of GD.Methods This study included 201 female GD patients.FT3, FT4, TSH, PTH, osteocalcin(OCN), C-terminal telopeptides of type Ⅰ collagen (CTX), procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide(PINP), and 25-(OH)-vitamin D(25OHD) were measured using electrochemical luminescence technique.sIL2R was measured using chemiluminescence method.All pations underwent examinations of bone mineral densities at lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck(LS-BMD, TH-BMD, and FN-BMD).The associations of sIL2R with bone metabolism markers and bone mineral densities were analyzed.Results OCN,CTX,PINP gradually decreased across the tertile groups of LS-BMD, TH-BMD, FN-BMD(all P<0.05).FT3, sIL2R gradually increased across the tertile groups of OCN, CTX, PINP(all P<0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sIL2R was independently associated with OCN and CTX(both P<0.05).Conclusion The increase of bone turnover leads to bone loss in female GD patients.The plasma level of sIL2R was positively correlated to bone turnover, which indicated that sIL2R may play an important role in bone metabolism of GD.

Objective To evaluate immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) and to compare it with conventional manual heat test method for detection of Bence Jones (BJ) protein in nonconcentrated urine. Methods We performed IFE and heat test for urinary protein analysis in 116 urine samples and evaluated a new immunofixation electrophoresis system by urinary protein analysis in 20 patients with multiple myeloma. Results 20 patients with multiple myeloma were detected to have BJ proteins (8 ? and 12?) in urine by IFE, whereas no urine BJ proteins by heat test. Conclusion The heat test for BJ proteins should be replaced by IFE because of its insensitivity and unspecificity. The IFE method is higherly sensitive and specific for screening and identification of BJ proteins in urine.

Objective To study and solve the repairing and reconstruction characteristic for chronic radioactivity ulceration on chest wall.Methods Using transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps (TRAM) to repair and reconstruct 12 cases serious chronic radioactivity ulceration after radical operation of mastocarcinoma.Including 6 cases using single pedicle TRAM flaps, 6 cases using double pedicle TRAM flaps.Results All 12 cases were applied successfully with 100% survived and were followed-up for 1 to 4 years.There were better colour, texture, elasticity on flap and obviously improvement for cicatricial tissue round ulceration.Conclusion It is better choice for repairing chronic radioactivity ulceration on chest wall with transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps and it is also reliable method for flap circulation using double pedicle TRAM flaps by vascular anastomosis.

Objective To test whether sodium arsenite can induce in vitro reverse mutation of Salmonella typhimurium histamine-auxotroph mutant. Methods Ames test was carded out with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97,TA98,TA100 and TA102 by standard method with or without the liver microsomal enzyme activation system (+S9,-S9). Results At concentrations of sodium arsenite from 500.00 to 5000.00 μg/plate, no colonies were seen on the plates of TA97,TA98,TA100 or TA102, with or without the presence of S9. At concentrations of sodium arsenite of 0.01,0.10,10.00 μg/plate and with the presence of S9, twice as many colonies grew on the plates of TA102 as the negative control(P<0.05). Without S9 activation,twice as many colonies grew on the plates of TA100 as the negative control(P<0.05)at concentrations of sodium arsenite of 1.00,10.00 μg/plate(P<0.05). The reverse mutation colonies induced by sodium arsenite in TA98 strain were twice as many as negative control group at concentrations of 0.01,0.10 μg/plate(P<0.05). There was no obvious increase of the strain clones in the other(P0.05). Conclusions With and without S9 activation, the doses of 500.00,5000.00 μg/plate sodium arsenite resulted in a toxic effect and a reduction of the revertants among the strain. At concentrations of 0.01～10.00 μg/plate, sodium arsenite exhibited mutngenesis effects.

Objective To evaluate osteoporosis and the bone turnover markers in patients with Graves′ disease(GD) and the association of bone turnover markers including serum osteocalcin ( OCN ),I procollagen Nterminal propeptide( PINP),serum alkaline phosphatase ( ALP),and β- I collagen carboxyl-terminal peptide ( β-CTX)with thyroid hormone levels.Methods A total of 163 patients with Graves′ disease were enrolled.Serum thyroid hormone,OCN,PINP,and β-CTX levels were measured by the method of ethchemiluminescence.Serum ALP,calcium,phosphorus,and urinary calcium/creatinine ratio were measured by automatic biochemical system.Bone mineral density ( BMD ) of lumbar spines 1-4 ( L 1-4 ) and the proximal left femur was detected by dual energy xray absorptiometry.Results GD cases enrolled were composed of 43 men (26.4％ )and 120 women ( 73.6％ ),with an average age of ( 47 ± 1 ) years.There were 126 cases ( 77.3％ ) with normal BMD,and 37 cases ( 22.7％ ) with osteoporosis.OCN,ALP,PINP,β-CTX,and free T3 levels were significantly higher in the group of osteoporosis than those in the group with normal BMD( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ) after adjusting for sex,age,and BMI.The levels of OCN,P1NP,and β-CTX were positively correlated with serum FT3 level ( all P＜0.01 ) and were also progressively increased according to the quartile groups of FT3 levels ( P＜0.01 ) after sex,age,and BMI were adjusted.Conclusion Patients with Graves′ disease had a high incidence of osteoporosis with characristic high rate of bone turnover,which is related to the raised thyroid hormone levels.

Through study on Bianque Shenying Zhenjiu Yulong Jing (Bianque's Classic of Effective Acupuncture Prescriptions), acupuncture experiences and ideology of WANG Guo-rui, an acupuncture physician of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), is discussed in this article. Inherited and carried forward DOU's acupuncture theory, WANG Guo-rui encouraged to use experiential points and to expand extra points. Penetrating needling method was created, and the application of acupoints according to needling opportunities and seasonal factors were enriched by him. Great importance was also attached on treatment according to differentiation of syndromes, which including the simultaneous acupuncture and moxibustion, simultaneous reinforcing and reducing, reducing after reinforcing, reinforcing after reducing, predomination of reducing and predomination of reinforcing. The flexible treating methods are still extensively adopted in clinic nowadays. WANG Guo-rui is a master of clinical acupuncture who made great contribution to the development of acupuncture and moxibustion.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male