Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib versus sorafenib in the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Forty-two patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma were divided into two groups according to the therapeutic method.Twenty patients were treated with sunitinib (50 mg, oral administration, once a day, for 4 weeks, drug withdrawal of 2 weeks, 6 weeks was a cycle) and 22 patients were treated with sorafenib (400 mg, oral administration, twice a day, until the disease progression, 6 weeks was a cycle).The efficacy and toxicity were evaluated every 2-cycle treatment.Results All 42 patients could be evaluated.The disease remission rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR) of sunitinib group and sorafenib group were 30.0％ (6/20), 22.7％ (5/22), 90.0％ (18/20), 77.3％ (17/22) respectively,the median progression free survival (PFS) were 10.8, 6.2 months, the median overall survival (OS) were 25.6, 18.6 months respectively.There were no statistical differences in the RR (x2 =0.287, P =0.592) and DCR (x2 =1.222, P =0.269) between the two groups.There were statistical difference in the PFS (x2 =6.041, P =0.014) and OS (x2 =11.245, P =0.001) between the two groups.The most common toxicities of the sunitinib group were diarrhea, fatigue, oral mucositis, nausea, vomiting, all these toxicities were mainly Ⅰ-Ⅱ degree, and could be well tolerated.The hand-foot syndrome rate of the sorafenib group obviously exceeded the sunitinib group (59.1％ vs.25.0％ , x2 =4.972, P =0.026).Conclusion Sunitinib has good efficacy in the first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma with less toxicity than sorafenib, so it is worthy of popularization.

Objective To compare different equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods Hospitalized patients with CKD from the nephrology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital) were recruited between December 2014 and May 2015.The calculations of eGFR and 24 h creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were accomplished in three days after admission.The eGFRs were calculated separately using the 24 h creatinine clearance rate adjusted by the standard body surface area (Ccr_BSA),Cockcroft-Gault equation adjusted by the standard body surface area (eCcr_BSA),CKD-EPI creatinine equation (EPI_Cr),CKD-EPI cystatin C equation (EPI_CysC),CKDEPI creatinine-cystatin C equation (EPI_Cr_CysC),simplified MDRD (MDRD) and China MDRD equations.The EPI_Cr_CysC equation was used as the standard and the precision and accuracy of the other six equations were compared and analyzed.Results A total of 403 CKD participants were enrolled in the study,with 228 male patients and a mean age of (54.9± 18.4) years.The main primary diseases were chronic glomerulonephritis (43.7％) and diabetic nephropathy (13.2％).The median concentration of serum creatinine and cystatin C were 117.5 (69.7,242.4) μmol/L and 1.80 (1.13,3.31) mg/L,respectively.The median values of Ccr_BSA,eCcr_BSA,MDRD,China MDRD,EPI_Cr,EPI_CysC and EPI_Cr_CysC equations were 50.8 (21.1,96.2),51.9 (23.3,93.2),53.6 (23.0,97.4),52.2(22.4,94.1),53.2 (22.1,97.3),35.1 (15.4,67.0) and 49.1 (22.8,82.3) ml · min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1,respectively.There was well agreement among MDRD,China MDRD and EPI_Cr equations,while there were large differences between equations derived from CysC (EPI_Cr_CysC and EPI_CysC) and equations derived only from creatinine (EPI_Cr,MDRD,China MDRD,eCcr_BSA,Ccr_BSA equations).Compared with EPI_Cr_CysC equation (the reference equation),EPI_Cr equation showed the highest accuracy [percentage of other eGFR equation calculations that were ＞ 30％ of the reference equation calculations (1-P30),30.8％] while Ccr_BSA equation showed the lowest (1-P30,42.4％).EPI_CysC equation showed the highest precision [inter-quartile range (IQR) of the difference,11.7 ml·min-1 · (1.73 m2)-1] while Ccr_BSA equation showed the lowest [IQR of the difference,22.8 ml· min-1 ·(1.73 m2)-1].Conclusions The agreement among equations derived only from creatinine is better;while it exhibits some differences between equations with cystatin C and equations derived only from creatinine.The accuracy of EPI_Cr equation is second only to EPI_Cr_CysC equation and it is currently the most suitable eGFR equation for clinical popularization of renal glomerular function assessment.

Study a method for the detemination of the content of polysaccharides in Gentiana farreri, and analysis of the content of polysaccharides from different producing areas. The results showed that using the anthrone-sulfuric acid method, simple operation, accurate result. Sample was measured at 620 nm absorbance after anthrone-sulfuric acid color, at this wavelength, solution absorption and glucose showed a good linear relationship; The linearity was in the range of 0.01-0.07 g x L(-1) (r = 0.996 7). The recovery rate was 99.41%, with RSD of 2.0%. Considering the experimental conditions, to determine the solid-liquid ratio 1:60, extracting time 50 min, concentration of ethanol 80%. The mass fraction of polysaccharides was the highest to reached 0.743% in G. farreri from Gansu Xiahe. This experiment has laid a good foundation for further study on G. farreri.
Anthracenes ; chemistry ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; methods ; Gentiana ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Geography ; Linear Models ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sulfuric Acids ; chemistry ; Time Factors

Aims To extract,separate and identify the flavonoid constituents in Humulus Scandens and to ex-plore the relationship of monomers and alveolar fluid clearance (AFC)in mice in vivo.Methods Humulus scandens were extracted with alcohol and then isolated by the technology of Column and the structures were i-dentified by spectrometry.In vivo AFC was measured using bovine serum albumin protein assays affected by luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (LGL ) and cosmsiin (AGL).Results The main constituents of flavanones
in Humulus scandens were LGL and AGL.Both of them could improve the AFC.Conclusion The AFCs of LGL and AGL,compared to the blank control group, increased which explains the effect of flavonoid constit-uents on removing edema and promoting water absorp-tion.

There are some problems with this course of medical laboratory special English, such as reference materials, teaching contents, teaching ways, the evaluation forms, etc. The department of medical laboratory of North Sichuan Medical College did exploratory reforms including 1+n teaching mode (one major teacher and several co-operational teachers in discussion section), Flipped classroom and interactive teaching, new formative assessment forms (usual performance combing final shows grade), etc. They used innovative teaching way with the purpose of establishing new teaching way , cultivating abilities of au-tonomous learning and comprehensive application.

Death ; Hematoma, Subdural/etiology* ; Humans ; Syphilis, Congenital/complications*

PurposeAcute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome is a common severe disease, this paper aims to explore the pathological basis of diffuse comet-tail artifacts in rabbits with acute lung injury and evaluate the imaging value on pathological changes.Materials and Methods The bilateral anterior chest walls of the rabbits were divided into four zones, namely, left upper zone, right upper zone, left lower zone and right lower zone. The normal chest ultrasound images of the 6 rabbits were obtained. After oleic acid (0.1 ml/kg) was injected, the images of comet-tail artifact in the four lung zones were dynamically observed and stored for 1 hour. The chest ultrasound images were evaluated according to the ultrasound scores. The degree of pathological damage in each lung zone was assessed and analyzed in terms of the correlation with the ultrasound results.Results The animal model of acute lung injury with diffuse comet-tail artifacts was successfully made in all of the 6 rabbits. The main pathological changes of the animal model of oleic acid were diffuse pulmonary edema, congestion and congestive hemorrhage; necrosis was found in 4 rabbits. The area of pulmonary edema, congestion, and congestive hemorrhage increased gradually from top to bottom, and double diaphragm leaves were typical. A significant correlation was found between the ultrasound scores of comet-tail artifacts and the degrees of pathological damage (r=0.819,P<0.05).Conclusion The histological changes of chest diffuse comet-tail artifacts due to acute lung injury are pulmonary edema, congestion and congestive hemorrhage. The scope and density of diffuse comet-tail artifacts may indicate the degree of pulmonary parenchyma injury, which is important as reference to guide the treatment and prognosis.

Antigens ; chemistry ; Fixatives ; chemistry ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Microwaves ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

AIM: To probe into the genetic susceptibility of HLA-DRB1 alleles to esophageal neoplasm in Hubei Han Chinese. METHODS: HLA-DRB1 gene polymorphism in 42 patients with esophageal neoplasm and 136 normal control subjects was studied by PCR and sequence. RESULTS: Allele frequency of HLA-DRB1 *0901 allele was significantly higher in esophageal cancer patients than those in normal controls (0 2500 vs 0 1397,P =0 028; the odds ratio 2 053; etiologic fraction 0 1282).There were no association between the rested HLA-DRB1 alleles with patients. CONCLUSION: Individuals carrying HLA-DRB1 *0901 may be susceptible to esophagealo carcinoma, its nucleotide sepuence approachs to the corresponded allele sequence(exon 2)published in GenBank.

Objective To explore the normal range of the caudate nucleus' volume in Chinese adults of the Han nationality and provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This was a clinical multi-center study.One thousand Chinese healthy volunteers (age range=18 to 70)recruited from 16 hospitals were divided into 5 groups,i.e.,Group A(age range=18 to 30),B(age range=31 to 40),C(age range=41 to 50),D(age range=51 to 60),and E(age range=61 to 70).Each group contained 100 males and 100 females.All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence.The volume of eaudate was measured manually using 3D volume analysis software.The difierence of volumes of the eaudate between male and female were analyzed by independent sample t-test,and among age groups by ANOVA.Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to characterize the relationship between volunles and age.The differences of measurements between left and right caudate nucleus were analyzed by paired t test.Results (1)rnle mean volume of bilateral caudate nucleus in healthy Chinese adults wag(10.973±1.647)cm3.The mean volume of the the male's left and right caudate nucleus were(5.656±0.860)and (5.671±0.855)cm3 respectively,no significant differences were found between the volume of left and right eaudate nucleus(t=1.230.P>0.05).The mean volume of the the female's left and right eaudate nucleus were(5.287±0.774)and(5.331±0.766)cm3 respectively,and the right's wag larger than the left's with significant differences(t=3.999,P<0.01);(2)Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the nucleus volume and age(male and female's,left and fight)(r=-0.561,-0.568,-0.548,-0.552,P<0.05).Conclusion With high-resolution MRI and 3D volumetric analytic software(Midob),the volume of the caudate nucleus can be accurately measured,so as to provide the basic data for establishing Chinese adults' standard digital brain.and provide nomad control standards for caudate nucleus volume-related diseases.