Burns, Chemical ; Humans ; Phenols ; adverse effects

A total of 23 new cancer medicines or indication expansions were approved by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration in 2012. Among these, 12 are new molecular entities (NMEs)--new chemical or biological drugs approved for the first time for oncologic use--and 10 of these NMEs are molecular targeted agents. Among the 10 targeted agents, 4 are anti-angiogenesis agents and 2 are Bcr-Abl pathway inhibitors, targeting well established targets validated by previously approved agents such as bevacizumab (Avastin) or imatinib (Gleevec). Despite this progress, several questions remain: Do these newly approved agents provide sufficient treatment options to manage the broad spectrum of cancers we deal with in the clinic? Where will the next wave of new cancer drugs come from? Where should R&D efforts be invested to continue improve cancer treatment and management, especially for tumor types uniquely prevalent in China? This editorial and the review articles in this special issue of Chinese Journal of Cancer provide an in depth review of the progress and challenges in developing targeted cancer therapies, as well as an outlook of new research areas where near term breakthroughs are expected to overcome some of these challenges.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; China ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neoplasms ; therapy

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of different nursing models to improve the quality of sleep for elderly patients in department of cardiology.Methods240 cases of patients in department of cardiology in our hospital were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 120 patients in each group.The control group was given conventional medical care and the sleep-related health education.While the observation group was given the targeted intervention measures based on the control group,including the provision of good psychological care measures to ensure a good sleep environment,arrange a reasonable sleep time,increase bedtime benign behavior and scientific education of hypnotic drugs knowledge.The PSQI score and sleep quality of different time points were compared.ResultsThe PSQI score of the observation group 1 week and 2 weeks after admission was significantly decreased compared with that upon admission,and was better than those of the control group.The PSQI score of the control group 2 weeks after admission had a marked decline,but the PSQI score 1 week after admission showed no significant difference.In the aspect of sleep quality,the rate of good sleep quality for the observation group 1 week and 2 weeks after admission increased significantly compared with that upon admission.The rate of the quality of good sleep 2 weeks after admission for the control group improved significantly than admission.The rate of promotion for the observation group was obviously better than that of the control group.ConclusionsThe targeted quality of sleep and psychological care interventions for elderly patients in department of cardiology can significantly improve the sleep quality in patients after admission,and enhance their confidence in overcoming the disease,thus contribute to disease treatment and rehabilitation.

Objective To understand cerebral edema and development procedure of different time windows.Methods To analyze their prognosis through image document and operation findings of 52 cerebral trauma patients which were confirmed cerebral edema by CT and operation.Results he light cerebral oedema patients have a better prognosis,10 patients died and 1 patient became a plant man in 11 malignant brain dilatation patients.Conclusion The infernal circle of high brain pressure-cerebral ischemia,cerebral anoxia-cerebral edema result in cerebral edema-brain dilatation-malignant brain dilatation after cerebral trauma which leads to unremitting aggravated pathogenefic condition.So effective means should be used to interrupt the unremitting heightening ICP.

Objective To analyze the mechanism of hemiparalysis children,cerebral vessels' physiological feature of children, pathological change and therapeutic efficacy after light craniocerebral trauma. Methods To analyze clinical manifestation,imageology data,therapy and therapeutic efficacy of 32 hemiparalysis children patients after light craniocerebral trauma. Results Mon-basal ganglia cerebrel infarction was discovered in all children,and cure rate of broadening blood vessel therapy was 84% in a week after trauma. Conclusion Blood vessel spasm and thrombosis happened after light craniocerebral trauma to artery of cerebral hemorrhage that erupt perpendicularly from arteria cerebri media and had incomplete tunica intima development. Nonage broadening blood vessel therapy could gain well curative effect.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a vascular endothelium-derived relaxing factor.NO inhalation therapy is widely used in the field of neonatology.When NO acts as selective pulmonary vasodilation,it can reduce pulmonary arterial pressure and improve oxygenation.When NO serves as a major regulator of cerebral vasomotor factor,it may have physiological and pathological impact in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.So NO has a wide range of applications in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn,bronchopulmonary dysplasia,hypoxia ischemic encephalopathy.With the recently in-depth study of NO,its biological role has more and more clinical attention in the field of neonatology and has broad valid prospects.However,NO has some side effects which still have some controversial aspects of the application in premature,especially in very low birth weight children.The article focused on the mechanism and clinical applications of NO in the neonatal disease.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of integrated care model in improving the quality of life and enthusiasm of treatment in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods 60 patients in department of cardiology adopting integrated care from September 2008 to April 2011 were chosen as the observation group.60 patients with ordinary care were set as the control group.The quality of life and the situation for enthusiasm of treatment were taken for statistical analysis. Results Patients with good quality of life in the observation group was 39 cases (65.00％),more than 21 cases (35.00％) in the control group.Patients obtaining effective treatment result in the observation group was 48 cases (80.00％) and 15 cases (25.00％) in the control group,there was significant difference.It was statistical significant.Adherence to medication,reasonable diet,adequate exercise and proper understanding of disease status in the observation group were significantly better than the control group. Conclusions Application of integrated care models in nursing of disease and life of patients with cardiovascular diseases can improve the quality of life and enthusiasm of treatment of patients,which is better than general model of care.

There are multiple genes involved in the progress of evolution in breast cancer.Recent study showed that Twist gene may play key role in promoting tumor growth,invasion and metastasis through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).Other studies also demonstrated that Twist gene expression maybe associated with patient outcomes and guiding clinical tailored therapies.

Objective To explore the effect of pregnancy outcome with cervical cold knife conization in pa -tients with early stage cervical cancer .Methods 23 patients with cold knife conization and 21 patients with radical trachelectomy were collected .The pregnancy outcome and perinatal infants between the two groups were compared . Results The pregnancy rate was 82.6%in the observation group,71.4%in the control group,there was statistically significant difference(χ2 =8.654,P=0.002);the section rate was 37.5% in the observation group,30.8% in the control group,there was statistically significant difference (χ2 =9.645, P =0.000 );10 cases of term delivery (62.5%)and birth weight was(3.27 ±1.15)in the observation group,term delivery(69.2%)and birth weight was (2.81 ±0.96)in the control group,proportion and birth weight were statistically significant differences (χ2 =11.671, P=0.000)(t =9.683,P=0.000);there were statistical significance in the outcome of pregnancy (Fisher P=0.036)and perinatal infants(Fisher P=0.034)among patients with different cervical conization height;the relapse rate was 4.4% in observation group,9.5% in the control group,the relapse rate of the two groups had significant difference(Fisher P =0.039).Conclusion Compared with radical trachelectomy ,patients treated by cold knife conization has high pregnancy rate and high cesarean section rate ,which can influence the outcome of pregnancy and perinatal infants .

Objective To investigate the preventive application of octreotide acetate for the prevention of complications and serum pancreatic amylase secrection after pancreatoduodenectomy(PD).Methods Fiftysix cases who underwent PD in our hospital were randomized into the observational group (n =28) and the control group (n =28).The control group received routine preoperative treatment including fasting,gastrointestinal decompression,nutritional support,maintenance of water,electrolyte balance and the use of antibiotics,postoperative routine parenteral nutrition and antibiotic therapy.In addition to the conventional treatment,the observational group received prophylactic application of octreotide acetate by subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg each time,3 times a day,and 7 days for a cycle of treatment.Blood biochemical index and postoperative complications in the two groups were monitored.Results The serum amylase levels in the observational group and the control group were (304.63 ±62.21) U/L and (445.52 ±64.52) U/L respectively at the tenth day after treatment.The two groups are significantly different in the serum amylase level (t =2.243,P ＜ 0.05).The pancreatic juice,gastric juice and bile drainage of patients in the observational group and the control group were (46.83 ± 31.42) ml,(189.92 ± 59.64) ml,(178.94 ± 45.18) ml,and (69.84 ± 34.30)ml,(237.08 ±71.27) ml,(356.11 ±64.23) ml respectively.The observational group had significantly reduced digestive fluid drainage volume compared with the control group (t =3.219,2.276,4.618 respectively,P ＜0.05).Complications occurred in 3 patients of the observational group (including 1 case of pancreatic fistula,1 case of hemorrhage,and 1 case of gastric emptying delay),with an incidence of 10.71％ (3/28).Complications occurred in 12 cases of the control group (including 3 cases of pancreatic fistula,2 cases of hemorrhage,3 cases of bile leakage,2 cases of delayed gastric emptying,2 cases of peritoneal infection),with an incidence of 42.86％ (12/28).There was significant difference between two groups in the incidence of complications (x2 =4.293,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Prophylactic application of somatostatin in PD restrains the secretion of digestive juice,and plays a preventive role for postoperative complications.The routine prophylactic application of octreotide in PD is necessary.