This article talks about the essential problems of iatrogenic injury from the point of basic laws,such as how to distinguish iatrogenic injury and how to solve medical disputes about iatrogenic injury.Iatrogenic injury is an objective phenomenon,we should observe and analyze in on an objective and peaceful position,seek for a rational viewpoint,and give a moderate description.Through discovering and discussing,we hope to control and lower medical disputes and set up mature and reasonable doctor-patient relationship to some extent.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. The pathological eatures of Alzheimer's disease are abnormal deposition of amyloid beta-peptides (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, cholinergic deficits, and loss of synaptic processes and dendritic spines. Senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 exhibits age-related deficits of learning and memory from an early age, tau protein phosphorylation, neurotransmitter changes, synaptic structure and function disorders, circadian rhythm disorders,as well as gene expression and many other characteristic changes, which are consistent with Alzheimer's disease pathological changes，and can be used as an ideal animal model for Alzheimer's disease prevention drugs development.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology

To optimize bacteriocin production,researching was done on the respect of incubation condition and the media components. And the optimum incubation time was 24h, the optimum temperature was 30℃, the optimum broth initial pH was 6.5. The optimum media component was: lactose 30g, trypone 15g, soybean peptone 20g, meat extract 30g, peptonethe 20g, Tween 80 1mL, K_(2)HPO_(4 )2g, NaAc 5g, Tri-Ammonium citrate 2g, (MgSO_(4)) 0.58g, MnSO_(4) 0.25g, H_(2)O 1000mL. Production of bactericoin under the optimum broth was 640AU/mL, 8 times than MRS media.

Objective To compare the results of three kinds of heart preservative fluids,namely histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK)solution,Fuwai modified solution(FWM)and St.Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution number 2(St.Thomas-Ⅱ)for the preservation of isolated rat hearts under low temperature.Methods Fifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into HTK,FWM and ST-Ⅱ groups(18 each),and each group was divided into three subgroups(6 each)according to different duration of preservation under low temperature(4,6 and 8 hours).The hearts were harvested and then mounted on the Langendorff apparatus and perfused with K-H buffer solution for determination of the baseline hemodynamic values(HR,LVSP,?dp/dtmax and CF).The isolated hearts were then arrested and stored in different preservative solution as mentioned at 4℃ for 4,6 or 8 hours.The hemodynamic values were measured before cardiac arrest and after cardiac reperfusion in Langendoff model,and the recovery rates of the values were calculated.The hearts were finally sectioned after reperfusion for the observation of morphological changes with light microscope.Results With the same hypothermic preservation time,the recovery rates of hemodynamic values were significantly higher,and the changes in myocardial structures were obviously less in HTK and FWM groups than in ST-Ⅱ group(P0.05).Conclusions HTK and FWM solutions are more effective than St.Thomas-Ⅱsolution in preservation of isolated heart under low temperature with the same storage duration.The effect of HTK solution for preservation of isolated heart descended with the prolongation of preservation time,especially so after 8 hours.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; psychology ; rehabilitation ; Coronary Disease ; psychology ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Humans ; Postoperative Period

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect and safety of extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) in the treatment of pain symptom of type III B prostatitis.

METHODSWe treated 50 cases of type III B prostatitis by ESW once a week for 4 weeks. Then we evaluated the clinical effect and safety of the therapy based on the NIH-CPSI scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, IIEF-5 scores, prostate volume and morphous, state of urination, color of urine, results of routine semen analysis, and changes of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS).

RESULTSAll the patients successfully accomplished the treatment. Compared with the baseline, decreases were observed after 4 weeks of cytokine treatment in the pain scores (14. 61 ± 1. 82 vs 9. 36 ± 1. 47, P <0. 01), urination symptom scores (4. 59 ± 1. 01 vs.4. 66 ± 0. 89, P >0. 05) , quality of life scores (6. 51 ± 1. 03 vs 4. 56 ± 1. 02, P <0. 01), NIH-CPSI (25. 43 ± 1. 72 vs 18. 28 ± 2. 32, P <0. 01 ), and VAS (6. 59 ± 1. 10 vs 3. 02 ± 1. 07, P < 0. 01). The concentration of IL-6 in the EPS was significantly increased ([55.82 ± 6. 28] vs [86.59 ± 4. 55] ng/ml, P <0. 01) , while the level of TNF-α ([3.89 ± 0. 12] vs [3. 19 ± 0.22] ng/ml, P<0.01) and that of IL-1β ([3.21 ± 1.01] vs [1.48 ± 0.95] ng/ml, P< 0. 01) remarkably reduced after treatment. However, there were no statistically significant differences in IIEF-5 scores (18. 58 ± 2. 03 vs 18. 51 1. 89, P >0. 05) or various sperm parameters before and after treatment (P >0. 05). And no significant changes were observed in the prostate volume, morphous or internal echoes.

CONCLUSIONThe ESW therapy is effective and safe for the pain symptom of type III B prostatitis.

Adult ; Body Fluids ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; etiology ; metabolism ; Pain Management ; methods ; Prostatitis ; complications ; metabolism ; therapy ; Quality of Life ; Spermatozoa ; physiology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods ; Urine

OBJECTIVE To explore the infection control measures in operation of mass earthquake wounded victims,and improve nursing quality.METHODS By setting up infection control group,strengthening nurse' awareness of infection control,strict division of region for operation,paying great attention to early first-aid treatment and strengthening the key link in the quality control.RESULTS Infection control were effectively improved the salvage rate of mass earthquake victims.There was non-cross infection among victims.CONCLUSIONS According to the infection trait of earthquake wounded victims,perfecting the system of measures of infection control is an important way to control hospital infection of mass earthquake wounded victims.

Objective To analyze the causes of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) relat-ed infections, study the types of pathogens and their drug sensitivities in order to supply evidence for clini-cal medication. Methods 110 cancer patients were analyzed for PICC related infections and blood sam-pies underwent bacterial culture. Results Of 110 cases of cancer patients, catheter-related infections were found in 11 patients (10.00%), including 9 cases of local infection (8.18%), and 2 cases of hemato-ge-nous infection (1.82%). Catheter-related infections were not associated with gender, age, types of catheter, venous selection, and the inserted length of intravenous catheter. Catheter- related infections were likely to be associated with the indwelling time of catheters. Conclusions To avoid the infections related to long-term PICC, strict aseptic operation and standardized maintaining procedures are required.

BackgroundHigh myopia is one of leading causes of blindness,so far the pathogenesis remains unclear.Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs6885224 and rs12716080 in CTNND2 gene were recently found to be associated with high myopia in Singaporean Chinese.But whether these SNPs are related with the pathogenesis of high myopia in Han Chinese is worth studying,Objective This study was to investigate the relationship between the genetic variations of the CTNND2 gene and high myopia in Han Chinese.MethodsA case-controlled association study was designed.Nine hundred and thirty-three individuals with high myopia and 1227age- and gender-matched normal subjects were included in this study.The 5 ml of periphery blood was obtained from all subjects for the extraction of genomic DNA.The target DNA was amplified using PCR and purified by the SNaPshot method.Four SNPs rs12716080,rs917012,rs6885224 and rs16901340 in the CTNND2 gene were genotyped.This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Sichuan Provincial People Hospital.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before his/her enrollment.Results The frequencies of the genotypes rs6885224,rs12716080,rs917012,rs16901340 SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) ( P=0.181,0.085,0.732,0.313,0.264,0.663,0.084,0.196).There were no significant differences in genotypes frequency distribution ( in turn P =0.654,0.406,0.828,0.403 ) and allele frequency distribution of the CTNND2 gene ( in turn P =0.377,0.209,0.743,0.198) between the high myopia group and normal control group.The haplotypes (TA and GA)frequencies of rs12716080 and rs917012 in the high myopia group were significantly different from those of the normal control group(TA:0.784 vs.0.719;GA:0.087 vs.0.136) (x2 =6.115,P=0.013 ;x2 =6.634,P=0.010),but those of GG were similar between the high myopia group and normal control group ( 0.123 vs.0.143,x2 =0.889,P =0.346). ConclusionsThe SNPs rs12716080,rs917012,rs6885224 and rs16901340 in CTNND2 gene were not responsible for high myopia,however,the haplotypes of rs12716080 and rs917012 are susceptible for high myopia in Han Chinese.