Arteriovenous Fistula ; therapy ; Child ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; abnormalities ; Pulmonary Veins ; abnormalities

Objective To study the relationship between extracellular signal-regulated kinases（ERK）phosphorylation and indirect activa-tion of the epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR）in cultured cerebellar granule neurons induced by homocysteine.Methods We pri-marily cultured 7-day-old CD-1 mouse cerebellar granule neurons for 7 days and treated with different agents（saline,AG1478,Hcy and AG1478＋Hcy）.The phosphorylation of ERK was analyzed by Western blot,and apoptotic rate by flow cytometry.Results Compared with saline and AG1478 groups,the phosphorylation of ERK was increased in Hcy group（P 〈 0.05）.When we pretreated the cells with tyr-phostin AG1478,an inhibitor of EGFR,there was no difference in the activation of ERK compared with the control group.We found obvious neuronal apoptosis when 7-day-old CD-1 mouse cerebellar granule neurons were cultured for 7 days and treated with Hcy for 6 hours,and the apoptosis induced by Hcy was aggravated when the neurons were pretreated with AG1478（P 〈 0.05）.No apoptosis was found in the saline and AG1478 groups.Conclusion The role of Hcy on ERK activation suggests the involvement of an indirect activation process of EGFR,which has neural potentially protective effect.

Objective To summarize the experience of individualized treatment for hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation.Methods From October 2002 to January 2015,5 patients with hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation were treated with surgical exploration,interventional therapy or thrombolytic therapy according to the reasons.Results All the 5 patients were cured without serious complications.Conclusions There are many reasons for the occurrence of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation.Early diagnosis is the key point,and individual treatment highlights the concept of precision medicine.

Aim To investigate effects of chlorzoxazone on survival and apoptosis of HepG2 cells.Methods The necrosis of HepG2 cells was evaluated by measurement of LDH release.The effects of chlorzoxazone on survival of HepG2 cells were assayed by MTT dyereduction.The effects of chlorzoxazone on cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL method.The ultrastructure of HepG2 cells was observed by transmission electron microscope.Results Chlorzoxazone at concentrations of 100～500 ?mol?L-1 inhibited survival ratios of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner significantly.Typical apoptotic changes were observed in HepG2 cells under the fluorescence microscope and transmission electron microscope.Apoptosis of HepG2 cells was induced after treatment of chlorzoxazone at concentrations from 100 ?mol?L-1 to 500 ?mol?L-1 for 48h,which showed obvious concentration-effect relationship.The apoptotic ratios of HepG2 cells were also increased when chlorzoxazone(100,200,300 and 500 ?mol?L-1) was treated for 24,48 and 72 h,which showed obvious time-effect relationship.Conclusion Chlorzoxazone inhibited HepG2 cells survival and induced cell apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of Shenfu injection on the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related factors oxygen-regulated protein 150 (ORP150),X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1),and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNAs in cerebral cortical neurons after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) in neonatal rats.Methods The 7 day-newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation,normal saline and Shenfu treatment (Shenfu injection,10 ml/kg per day,peritoneal injection,for 3 days) groups.They were redivided into 3 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,3 d and 7 d subgroups at different time points after modeling (n =8 in each group).A HIBD model of the neonatal rats was induced.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expressions of ORP150,XBP1,and CHOP mRNAs in rat cerebral cortex.Results The expressions of ORP150,XBP1 and CHOP mRNAs of the sham operation group was very week.The expressions of ORP150,XBP1 and CHOP mRNAs in the normal saline group and the Shenfu treatment group were significantly upregulated compared to those in the sham operation group at 3 h after modeling (all P ＜0.05); the expressions of XBP1 and CHOP mRNAs reached the peak at 6 and 12 h,respectively.Then they decreased mildly and closed to the level in the sham operation group at day 7.The expressions of XBP1 and CHOP mRNAs in the Shenfu treatment group at 12,24 h and day 3 after modeling were significantly lower than those in the normal saline group (all P ＜0.05).The XBP1 mRNA expression was significantly positively correlated with the CHOP mRNA expression in the normal saline group (r =0.649,P ＜0.05).Conclusions HIBD in neonatal rats induces endoplasmic reticulum stress response.ORP150,XBP1 and CHOP may be involved in the delayed neuronal damage process after HIBD in neonatal rats.Shenfu injection downregulates the expression of XBP1 and CHOP mRNAs and inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress response.

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect of oxysophoridine(OSR)and the influence of verapamil(Ver)on the antinociception of OSR when two drugs were co-administrated in mice.Methods The number of writhing within 15 min after ip different doses of OSR was observed in painful mouse mo- dels caused by acetic acid.The hot plate method was used to assess nociceptive sensitivity of CaCl_2 and Ver before ip OSR.Nitric oxide(NO)in serum was measured by spectrophotometry.Results The number of writhing was decreased and the latency of licking the hind paws was prolonged in a dose-dependent manner after ip OSR.The antinociception of OSR could be antagonized by CaCl_2 and enhanced by Ver.No inter- ference was detected in serum volume of NO.Conclusion These results suggest that OSR can antagonize the acute pain caused by acetic acid and hot plate in a dose-dependent manner in mice.Calcium channel blocker could enhance the effect of OSR.

Objective To evaluate the response rate and survival rates of refractory or relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and grey zone lymphoma patients treated with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT).Methods From January 2004 to August 2012,30 HL and grey zone lymphoma patients were retrospectively analyzed.Statistical analysis was done to explore the long term outcome and prognostic factors of patients treated with APBSCT.Among all patients,the median age at transplantion was 30 (13-55) years old.Patients were major with nodular sclerosis HL and in stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ.Results Every patient had a successful collection.The median MNC cell dose infused was 6.8×108/kg [range (1.0-13.8)×108/kg] and median CD34+ cell dose infused was 6.3×106/kg [range (0.6-20.6)×106/kg].Median time to neutrophil engraftment was 9 days (range 8-12 days).28 patients were evaluable after transplantation with a median follow-up of 18.5 months (range 2.5-95.0 months).The overall response rate was 89.3 ％ [CR 64.3 ％ (18/28),PR 25.0 ％ (7/28)].The overall survival (OS) rate and progression free survival (PFS) rate at 5 year would be 78 ％ and 58 ％ for all patients.3 in 7 patients with no remission after salvage chemotherapy with rituximab plus chemotherapy before APBSCT got CR and 2 got PR.Univariate analysis showed that disease status and the number of replacement types of chemotherapy prior to transplantation affected OS,the history of radiotherapy prior to transplantation affected PFS.Conclusion APBSCT can increase CR rate,prolong survival time in patients with refractory or relapsed HL and grey zone lymphoma.Rituximab plus chemotherapy as a salvage therapy could raise CR rate before APBSCT.Chemosensitivity before transplantation affect outcome with APBSCT.Changing many types of chemotherapy is adverse for APBSCT.Salvage radiotherapy before APBSCT is not recommended.

Objective To study the effect of heat stress on the permeability,cytoskeleton and cell cycle of human skeletal muscle cell (HSKMC).Methods The HSKMC membrane permeability was detected by calcium ion inflow with flow cytometer,the cytoskeleton was stained by CBB 250,and the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometer.Results After 1 h of heat stress on human HSKMC cells under different temperature gradient,the median level of calcium ion was 91.63 in 43 ℃ heat stress group compared with 22.98 in 37 ℃ control group.As temperature increased,thicker and shorter cytoskeleton and stress fiber were shown under the high power lens of microscope.The DNA expression of skeleton cells at G0/G1 stage was 44.13-62.98 in groups under heat stress.Compared with normal control group,DNA expression was much higher in heat stress group,when HSKMC was cultured under 37 ℃ temperature for another 18 h,it kept decreasing DNA expression to a similar level as control group.Conclusions Heat stress can cause calcium iron inflow resulting in intracellular calcium overload,and affect the cytoskeleton leading to loss of normal web ordered arrangement and increased gap in HSKMC cells,which give rise to blocking cell cycle into G0/G1 stage.

Objective To assess the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differential diagnosis of BI-RADS-US 4 breast lesions.Methods A total of 123 lesions underwent CEUS.The CEUS features of lesions were categorized into 5 malignant or benign indexes respectively,lesions displaying any two of the five features were diagnosed as malignant or benign.The diagnostic effect of CEUS for BI-RADS-US 4 lesion was analyzed according to the pathological results as the gold standard.Results CEUS of the 123 BI-RADS-US 4 breast lesions indicated that 75 lesions were malignant while 48 were benign.Pathological results confirmed that there were 72 malignant lesions and 51 benign.The proportions of malignant lesions in 4A category,4B category and 4C category were 16.2 ％,58.5 ％ and 93.3 ％ respectively.The accuracy,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative and positive predictive value of CEUS for the diagnosis of BI-RADS-US 4 lesions were calculated as 92.7％,95.8％,88.2％,92.0％ and 93.7 ％ respectively.Lesions showing false positive in CEUS mainly needed surgical treatment,such as fibroma with active growth mesen-chyme,intraductal papilloma and granulomatous mastitts.Conclusions Surgical treatment rather than aspiration biopsy are suggested for those diagnosed being malignant in CEUS of the BI-RADS-US-4 lesions,as they can be treated as BI-RADS5 lesions.Short-term visit or aspiration biopsy are suggested for BI-RADS-US-4 lesions diagnosed being benign in CEUS.

To investigate the biological role of snake venom cystatin(sv-cystatin) in tumor progression, the cDNA of sv-cystatin amplified by PCR from pUC18-cystatin plasmid was cloned into methanol-inducible expression vector pPICZ?A. The linearized recombinant plasmid pPICZ?A-cystatin was transfered into Pichia pastoris, strain GS115 by electrophoration. Transfermants with phenotype Mut+ selected were identified by PCR analysis and induced in 1.0% methanol. The reombinant sv-cystatin protein was examined by SDS-PAGE, Western blot analysis. The molecular mass of expression product was about 14 kDa and approximately 16 mg/L of recombinant sv-cystatin was produced from one of GS115-cystatin transformants. The chromatography purified protein could reduce the activity of papain. The ability of B16F1 cells treated with recombinant sv-cystatin to invade the reconstituted basement membrane decreased significantly (P