Enterovirus A, Human ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; virology ; Humans

Objective To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on stimulating high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) mRNA expression in peritoneal macrophages in rats and its potential signaling mechanism. Methods Abdominal macrophages obtained from male Wistar rats were seeded on 24-well (1?10 6 cells/well) tissue culture plates. The cells were incubated for 3 days before they were stimulated with LPS, fludarabine (specific inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, STAT1), or rapamycin (specific inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3). After being stimulated, macrophages were denatured directly in tissue culture plates to determine HMGB1 mRNA expression. The time-dependent and dose-dependent responses between LPS stimulation and HMGB1 mRNA expression were analyzed, and the effect of treatment with fludarabine and rapamycin on HMGB1 mRNA expression was also observed. Results After being stimulated with 75-100ng/ml LPS, the HMGB1 mRNA expressions in macrophages were up-regulated markedly, peaking at 24-36 hours, and remained elevated up to 48 hours. It was found that the HMGB1 mRNA expression was significantly inhibited by treatment with either fludarabine (100?mol/L) or rapamycin (25ng/ml). Conclusions These data suggest that LPS stimulation can result in up-regulation of HMGB1 mRNA expression in peritoneal macrophages in rats. Janus kinase/STAT pathway may be involved in modulating HMGB1 mRNA expression in LPS-activated macrophages.

Objective To explore the changes of serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its clinical significances.Methods 148 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM) were divided into diabetic group (T2DM group,n =54),non-proliferative DR group (NDR group,n =49) and proliferative DR group(PDR group,n =45).In the same period,45 healthy subjects were selected as the control group.The clinical data were collected.The serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 were detected.The clinical values of serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 in predicting the progression of DR were analyzed by using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve(ROC curve).Results The levels of TC in the PDR group,NDR group and T2DM group were higher than that in the control group[(5.4 ± 0.6) mmoL/L,(5.6 ± 0.8) mmol/L,(4.6 ± 0.6) mmol/L,F =15.376,P ＜ 0.001].The duration of disease,FPG,HbA1 c,TG,LDL-C in the PDR group were higher than those in the NDR group and T2DM group[(12.4 ±2.9)d,(8.2 ±2.1)d,(5.6 ± 1.7) d,F =109.167,P ＜0.001;(10.4 ±2.4) mmol/L,(9.2 ± 0.9) mmol/L,(7.6 ± 1.1) mmol/L,(4.6 ± 0.7) mmol/L,F =86.294,P ＜ 0.001;(11.1 ±1.9) ％,(9.9 ±2.1)％,(7.8 ±0.5)％,(5.5 ± 0.4)％,F =153.854,P ＜0.001;(2.6 ±0.7) mmol/L,(2.5 ±0.5) mmol/L,(1.9-± 0.4) mmol/L,(1.6 ± 0.3) mmol/L,F =38.694,P ＜ 0.001;(4.4 ± 0.8) mmol/L,(3.8 ±0.9) mmol/L,(3.1 ±0.7) mmol/L,(2.4 ±0.5) mmol/L,F =87.261,P ＜0.001],and NDR group ＞ T2DM group ＞the control group,The level of HDL-C in the PDR group were was lower than those in the NDR group,T2DM group and the control group,and NDR group ＜ T2DM group ＜ the control group,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 in the PDR group were higher than those in the NDR group,T2DM group and the control group [(0.92 ± 0.13) ng/mL,(0.64 ± 0.11) ng/mL,(0.47 ± 0.09) ng/mL,(0.31 ±0.07) ng/mL,F =317.850,P ＜ 0.001;(315.74 ± 52.38) pg/mL,(223.49 ± 45.17) pg/mL,(146.35 ± 41.86) pg/mL,(81.07 ± 37.54)pg/mL,F =266.606,P ＜ 0.001],which of the NDR group were higher than the T2DM group and the control group,those of T2DM group were higher than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 were positively correlated with disease duration,HbAlc and LDL-C (r =0.276,0.314,0.384 and 0.304,0.335,0.416,all P ＜0.05),while serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 were negatively correlated with HDL-C (r =-0.314 and -0.287,all P ＜ 0.05).The ROC curve showed that the serum levels of TGF-β1 in predicting the progression of DR,the area under the curve was 0.964(95％ CI:0.931 ～0.998),when the cutoff value of TGF-β1 was 0.78ng/mL,the sensitivity was 91.1％,and the specificity was 91.8 ％,and for the serum levels of IL-6,the area under the curve was 0.913 (95 ％ CI:0.855 ～ 0.972),when the cutoff value of IL-6 was 280.45 pg/mL,the sensitivity was 80.0％,and the specificity was 91.8％.Conclusion The serum levels of TGF-β1 and IL-6 in patients with DR are increased,and are correlated with the progression of the disease.They can be used as indicators to assess the progression of patients with disease.

Objective To investigate the changes of choroidal thickness in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP)and its effect on visual function.Methods 37 patients with RP(62 eyes)and 30 healthy volunteers(60 eyes) as the control group were selected.The subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)of eyes was detected by using optical coherence tomography(OCT)technology for enhanced depth imaging(EDI).The full -field ERG was performed,and the waveform changes of ERG were recorded.According to T32 or LVC program,the visual fields of RP eyes were examined,the mean sensitivity (MS),mean defect degree (MD)and loss variance (LV)were recorded.The correlations between variables were analyzed by using Pearson correlation analysis.Results The SFCT of RP patients was (218.7 ± 62.8)μm,which of the control group was (291.5 ±54.1)μm,covariance analysis showed that there was no interaction between age and group(F =1.574,P =0.213),compared the two groups,the difference was statistically significant (t =7.347,P <0.001).The ERG latency of RP patients was longer than that of the control group,and the amplitude was lower than the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P <0.05 ).Among 62 eyes in BP patients,the light adaptation response waveforms of 26 eyes reduced,36 eyes had no waveform,there was no difference between SFCT in the waveform reduced and no waveform (P >0.05 ).The dark adaptation response waveform of 23 eyes reduced,39 eyes had no waveform,there was no difference between SFCT in the waveform reduced and no waveform(P >0.05).24 eyes accepted T32 program examined,the MD,MS,LV and SFCT were (19.6 ±6.1)dB, (10.3 ±5.2)dB,(33.9 ±14.9)dB2 and (212.9 ±69.8)μm,respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the SFCT of eyes was negatively correlated with MD and LV(r =-0.502 and -0.687,all P <0.05),while was positively correlated with MS (r =0.551,P =0.005).38 eyes accepted LVC program examined,the MS and SFCT were (7.4 ±4.9)dB and (229.3 ±64.7)μm.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the SFCT of eyes was not correlated with MS (r =0.108,P =0.519).Conclusion The SFCT of RP patients is significantly reduced.But it is not related with the changes of full -field ERG waveform.The correlation with visual field examination is affected by eye condition of central vision.When central vision has less damage,SFCT can reflect central visual photographic ability.

Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA -126(miR -126)in the blood plasma in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR)and its possible mechanism.Methods 81 patients with DR,65 patients with type 2 diabetes and 50 healthy people (control group)were selected.The expression of miR -126 in plasma was detected by real -time PCR.The serum concentration of VEGF was detected by enzyme -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The correlations between variables were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.The value of miR -126 in predicting the occurrence of DR was analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curves).Results The expressions of miR -126 in plasma in DR patients and type 2 diabetes were lower than the control group,which in DR patients was lower than the type 2 diabetes,the serum concentrations of VEGF in DR patients and type 2 diabe-tes were higher than the control group,which in DR patients was higher than the type 2 diabetes,the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression of miR -126 in plasma was negatively correlated with the concentration of VEGF (r =-0.352,P <0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for expression level of miR -126 in predicting DR occurrence was 0.848 (95% CI:0.776 -0.919),when the expression level of miR -126 ≤0.47,the sensitivity was 83.1%,and specificity was 80.2%. Conclusion The expression of miR -126 in plasma in DR was reduced,while the serum level of VEGF was elevated.The miR -126 might through negatively regulated VEGF to regulate retinal angiogenesis.It expected to be blood indicators for early detecting DR.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Autoimmune Diseases ; pathology ; Benzamides ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Survival ; Eosinophilia ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Eosinophils ; cytology ; physiology ; Helminthiasis ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Hypersensitivity ; pathology ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use

ObjectiveTo investigate the applicability and superiority of modified Seldinger technique (MST).MethodsTotally 108 patients receiving peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) through vascular ultrasound combined with MST technology were enrolled as MST group and another 108 patients receiving PICC using traditional direct vision method as control group.The first puncture success rate,PICC succesa rate,catheterization time required,and early complication rate were compared between these two groups.ResultsThe first puncture success rate was 88.89％ in MST group and 72.22％ in control group (P=0.002) ; the catheterization success rate was 82.41％ in MST group and 57.41％ in control group ( P =0.000).In the MST group,there were two cases where the catheter within neck was ectopic ( P =0.003 ),two cases experienced bleeding at the puncture sites (P =0.017),three cases had phlebitis (P =0.001 ),and one case suffered from catheter blockage (P=0.010).In the eontrol group,the corresponding numbers were 13,10,18,and 9.However,the time required for PICC showed no significant difference between these two groups (P=0.685).In the MST group,15 cases were catheterized in less than 15 minutes,72 cases between 15 and 25 minutes,and 21 cases for more than 25 minutes.In the control group,12 cases were catheterized in less than 15 minutes,70 cases between 15 and 25 minutes,and 26 cases for more than 25 minutes.ConclusionPICC through MST can be more effective in positioning the targeting blood vessels,increasing the success rate of catheter insertion,reducing various tissue damages,and lowering potential complications.

BACKGROUND:Our previous study has already manifested that Chinese medicine Xiaokening can effectively prevent and treat the early diabetic nephropathy. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effect of rhein and archen on the apoptosis of mesangial cells of rats cultured with high glucose. METHODS:Mesangial cells were stimulated by different concentrations of rhein and archen (20, 40 and 80 μmol/L). Morphology of apoptotic cells was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Karyon apoptosis was examined by fluorescence staining of DAPI. cellapoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The outcome of hematoxylin-eosin staining and DAPI staining indicated that the effect of rhein was much stronger than that of archen on the apoptosis of mesangial cells in the rats cultured with high glucose. Comparison of the apoptosis rate also indicated that the rhein had a stronger effect on the earlier and the later stage apoptotic rate of mesangial cells than archen. Both rhein and archen with different concentrations can induce apoptosis of mesangial cells, but the effect of rhein is much stronger.

Objective To primarily investigate the clinical value of analgesia/nociception index (ANI) in evaluating the analgesic effect during lobectomy performed via video-assisted thoracoscope.Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 25-64 yr,weighing 45-80 kg,undergoing elective lobectomy performed via video-assisted thoracoscope,were enrolled in this study.After induction of anesthesia with propofol,sufentanil and cisatracurium,patients received double lumen endotracheal intubation.Anesthesia was maintained with targetcontrolled infusion of propofol,and iv infusion of remifentanil and cisatracurium.The concentration of propofol was adjusted to maintain the bispectral index (BIS) value in the range of 40-60.ANI,HR,systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and BIS value were recorded within 5 min before and after the predefined time points including posture change between lateral and supine position,ventilatory pattern change between onelung and double-lung ventilation,skin incision and trocars insertion,lymph node dissection and pleural lavage.At skin incision and during trocars insertion,lymph node dissection and pleural lavage,the development of hemodynamic responses (increase in HR and SBP ＞ 20％ of baseline value) were recorded.Results The incidence of hemodynamic responses was 100％ at skin incision and trocars insertion,and 84 ％ during No.4,7,10 groups of lymph node dissection and after pleural lavage and difference was found in ANI during these stimuli.ANI was significantly decreased within 5 min after skin incision,trocars insertion,No.4,7,10 groups of lymph node dissection and pleural lavage than that before the procedures (P ＜ 0.05).The BIS value was maintained at 40-60,and no significant changes were found between before and after the procedures (P ＞ 0.05).No significant changes were found in ANI,HR,SBP,and DBP between before and after the changes of posture and respiratory pattern (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion ANI can be used to evaluate the analgesic effect during lobectomy performed via video-assisted thoracoscope in patients and is unaffected by the changes of posture and ventilatory pattern.