Adult ; Frontal Lobe ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography ; Tuberculoma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging

Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Pigmentation Disorders ; pathology ; Skin ; pathology

Chromatography, Gas ; Humans ; Methylene Chloride ; urine

Animals ; Cattle ; China ; epidemiology ; Echinococcosis ; epidemiology ; parasitology ; transmission ; Echinococcus granulosus ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Seasons

Objective To determine the modality of Leptospira interrogans invading human and murine mononuclear-macrophages and diversity of leptospiral phagocytotic vesicle formation. Methods Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the invasion of L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai strain Lai into murine mononuclear-macrophage-like cell line J774A. 1 and PMA-activated human monocyte line THP-1 and the formation of leptospiral phagocytotic vesicles. By using immunofluorescence plus either laser confocal microscopy or fluorescence spectrophotometry, the changes of intracellular leptospiral numbers in J774A. 1 and PMA-activated THP-1 cells before and after block with endocytosis inhibitors monodansylcadaverin (MDC), phenylarsine oxide (PAO) and clathrin antibody were investigated. Results The leptospires in J774A. 1 cells were located in phagocytotic vesicles while the leptospires in THP-1 cells had no package with phagocytotic vesicle membrane. Both MDC and PAO presented the effect inhibiting endocytosis of L. interrogans into J774A. 1 and THP-1 cells in dose-dependent manner. The numbers of leptospires in J774A. 1 and THP-1 cells that pre-blocked with 10 μmol/L or above MDC and 1 μmol/L or above PAO were significantly less than that in the two cells untreated with MDC and PAO (P＜0.05＝. After J774A. 1 and THP-1 cells were blocked with clathrin antibody, the numbers of intracellular leptospires were also remarkbly decreased ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion Leptospira interrogans can invade into both human and murine mononuclear-macrophages through the way of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. There is an opposite diversity of leptospiral phagocytotic vesicle formations in human and murine mononuclear-macrophages, which may result in the difference of pathogenesis in human and mice after infected with L. interrogans.

Objective To determine the effects of Che A and CheY proteins of Campylobacter jejuni regulating the bacterial chemotaxis in vitro and colonization in vivo. Methods By using pET42a plasmid and E. coli BL21DE3 as expression vector and expression strain, respectively, prokaryotic expression systems of cheA and cheY genes of C. jejuni strain NCTC11168 was constructed. Rabbits were immunized with the target recombinant expression proteins, rCheA and rCheY, to prepare the antisera. rCheA-IgG and rCheY-IgG in the antisera were separated using DEAE-52 ion exchange column. pBluescript- II -SK was applied to construct suicide plasmid which used to generate cheA gene knock-out mutant (cheA-). A chemotaxis model in vitro of C. jejuni based on DOC-HAP, the chemotactic ability of cheA' mutant as well as the effect of rCheA-IgG and closantel inhibiting the bacterial chemotaxis were demonstrated. The phosphorylation levels of CheA and CheY after DOC treatment were examined by using either rCheA-IgG or CheY-IgG capture method. The difference of colonization ability between cheA- mutant and wild-type of C. jejuni in mice were checked and then compared. Results The constructed prokaryotic expression systems could efficiently express rCheA and rCheY. The data from PCR and sequencing confirmed the cheA gene knock out from cheA- mutant chromosome. cheA- mutant lost its chemotactic ability towards DOC. Both the rCheA-IgG and closantel could inhibit the chemotaxis of wild-type of C. jejuni (P < 0.05 ). When treatment of DOC, the phosphorylation levels of CheA and CheY in wild-type of C. jejuni rapidly decreased (P < 0. 05 ). The colonization ability in murine jejunum of cheA- mutant was also lower than that of the wild-type ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusion Chemotaxis-associated two-component signaling system (Che-TCSS) of C. jejuni are composed of CheA and CheY, and the two proteins are activated by dephosphorylation. CheA in the Che-TCSS play a critical role in chemotaxis in vitro and colonization in vivo of C. jejuni, and this protein can be used as a target for developing novel anti- C. jejuni drugs.

ObjectiveTo generate a prokaryotic expression system of series predominant epitopes (UreB322 and UreB527) of Helicobacter pylori UreB protein,and to synthesize a multiple antigenic peptide (MAP) vaccine by linking both the two epitopes with a peptide carrier (Poly-Asp-Lys),and to determine the immunogenicity and immunoprotection of the MAP vaccine.MethodsLinking primer PCR was performed to generate an enterokinase(EK) site-containing series UreB322 and UreB527 epitope encoding gene for construction of its prokaryotic expression system.The expressed target recombinant fusion protein 8 ×[rEK-UreB322-EK-UreB527-EK] was hydrolyzed with EK and then rUreB322-EK and rUreB527-EK epitope peptides were extracted using a Sephadex G-25 column.rUreB322-EK,rUreB527-EK and Poly-Asp-Lys were linked using carbodiimide method to produce a MAP vaccine (MAP-rUreB322/B527).The antigenicity and immunoreactivity of each of the two epitope peptides and MAP-rUreB322/527 were determined by ELISA and Western blot assay.An animal H.pylori strain SS1-infected model in BALB/c mice was used to detect the immunoprotection of MAP-rUreB322/527.ResultsAn octuple-repeated series UreB322-UreB527 encoding gene and its prokaryotic expression system were obtained.The yield of target fusion protein 8×[rEKUreB322-EK-rUreB527-EK] was as high as 48％ of the total bacterial proteins.EK hydrolyzed the target fusion protein completely into rUreB322-EK and rUreB527-EK peptides.The linking ratio of rUreB322-EK,rUreB527-EK and Poly-Asp-Lys was as high as 92.5％.The antibody against whole cell of H.pylori and rUreB-IgG could recognize and combine with the rUreB322-EK,rUreB527-EK or MAP-rUreB322/527.The specific serum antibody level in MAP-rUreB322/527-immunized mice was significantly higher than that in rUreB-immunized mice (P＜0.05).The immunoprotective rates(83.3％ and 91.7％ ) by immunization with50 or 100 μg MAP-rUreB322/527 in the H.pyloristrain SSI-infected mice were significantly higher that those(d1.7％ and 50.0％ ) by immunization with equal rUreB(P＜0.05).ConclusionAn gene composed for encoding a repeated series predominant epitopes of H.pylori UreB protein and its prokaryotic expression system are successfully generated in this study.MAP-rUreB322/527,the multiple antigenic peptide vaccine based on the two predominant epitopes of UreB,can noticeably increase the immunoprotection in H.py/or/infected mice.

Objective To evaluate obstetrics and gynecology training quality by analysis of clinical knowledge and clinical skills scores for long-term graduates.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical knowledge and clinical skills scores was performed in obstetrics and gynecology training for 134 long-term graduates.Results The clinical knowledge and clinical skills scores of obstetrics and gynecology training were 82.27?7.68,87.69?7.24.There was no,P﹥0.05.Only the scores of clinical skills judged by one teacher in interview was correlated with clinical knowledge scores,while there were no correlation between clinical knowledge judged by other five teachers and scores of clinical skills.Conclusion There was no correlation between clinical knowledge and the scores of clinical skills scores.Culturing students’practical ability and communication ability is worth strengthening,while the consistency of teachers’evaluation standard should be improved.

Objective:To analyze the clinical materials of 2 patients with lung cancer complicated with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH),and to improve the clinical awareness and management.Methods:One patient was treated with lung cancer chemotherapy alone for 7 courses.The other patient received the strictly limited for liquid intake and tolvaptan by oral against hyponatremia without chemotherapy.Results:With the relapsing and advancing of lung cancer,the hyponatremia and its relevant symptoms of the first patient were poorly relieved.While the level of serum sodium of the second patient returned to the normal level 3 d after administration of tolvaptan.Conclusion:About one-third of the patients with hyponatremia have SIADH.The etiological treatment and symptomatic therapy of hyponatremia should be given to the patients in clinical treatment.

Objective To determine the change of expression level of Leptospira interrogans sph2 gene, and hemolytic and cell apoptosis-inducing activities of sphingomyelinase hemolysin Sph2. Methods Entire sph2 gene fragment was amplified by PCR from genomic DNA of L. Interrogans serovar serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai strain Lai, and sequenced after T-A cloning. Subsequently, a prokaryotic expression system of sph2 gene was constructed. The expression of target recombinant Sph2( rSph2 ) was examined by SDS-PAGE and the expressed rSph2 was extracted by Ni-NTA affinity chromatogaphy. The hemolytic activity of rSph2 was measured by hemolytic test in sheep blood agar plate and spectrophotometry-based hemoglobin measurement, and the apoptosis-inducing activity of rSph2 to murine mononuclear-macrophagelike cell line(J774A. 1) and hepatic cell line(IAR20) was determined by flow cytometry. A real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR was applied to detect the change of sph2 mRNA levels before and after L. Interrogans strain Lai infecting J774A. 1 and IAR20 cells. Results The cloned sph2 gene had 100% sequence identity to the corresponding gene in GenBank. The constructed prokaryotic expression system was able to efficiently express rSph2. The rSph2 could lyse sheep erythrocytes in concentration-dependent pattern. 10μg/ml rSph2 could induce the apoptosis of J774A. 1 cells and IAR20 cells, and the peak apoptotic rates were 23.96% and 32.92%, respectively. The mRNA level of sph2 gene was significantly elevated within 0.5-2 h of L. Interrogans strain Lai infecting either J774A. 1 or IAR20 cells, and then the mRNA level was quickly descended. Conclusion The sph2 gene of L. Interrogans strain Lai has a transient expression when the microbe contacts host cells. rSph2 possesses activities of sheep erythrocyte lysis and inducing macrophage and hepatocyte apoptosis, indicating Sph2 as an important virulence factor during pathogenic process of Leptospira.