Background Chrysin has many biological activities,and its anti-inflammatory effect has been confirmed.However,whether it can treat experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is still not elucidated.Objective This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of chrysin on EAU and explore the potential mechanism.Methods EAU animal models were established in 30 SPF C57BL/6J mice by the subcutaneous injection and ball pad injection of interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein1-20 (IRBP1-20)/complete Freund adjuvant (CFA),and then the models were randomized into the model control group and chrysin-treated group.Chrysin solution dissolved by 10 μl dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)+140 μl PBS was administrated by gavaging in the mice with the dlose 25 mg/kg from 3 days before immunization through 21 days everyday in the chrysin group,and equal volume of solvent was used in the same way in the model control group.Retinas were examined by indirect ophthalmoscope once per day,and inflammation and pathological scores of retina were performed based on the criteria of Caspi on the 21st day after injection.The apoptosis of retinal cells was assayed by TUNEL staining,and the relative expressions of proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ),interleukin-17 A (IL-17A),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1),STAT3,p-STAT1,p-STAT3 in mouse retinas were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the model control group,the inflammation scores and pathological scores of retinal inflammation were significantly reduced in the chrysin group (inflammation scores:0.50± 0.45 vs 1.58±0.92,t=2.600,P=0.026;pathologic scores:0.58±0.38 vs 1.83±0.75,t=3.638,P=0.005).The infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells,retinal vasculitis and granulomatous lesions were found in mouse retinas in the model control group,however,the morphology of mouse retinas in the chrysin group was normal based on hematoxylin-eosin staining.The number of apoptotic cells was remarkable lessened in the chrysin group compared with the model control group under the fluorescence microscope.Western blot assay resolved that significantly downregulation in the expressions of IFN-γ,IL-17A,IL-6 and TNF-α was seen in the chrysin group in comparison with the model control group (t =7.802,P =0.001;t =14.906,P =0.000;t =10.241,P =0.001;t =3.304,P =0.030),and the relative expression levels of STAT1,STAT3,p-STAT1 and p-STAT3 were considerably lower in the chrysin group than those in the model control group (t=8.965,P=0.001;t=8.358,P=0.001;t=4.864,P=0.031;t=4.730,P=0.009).ConclusionsChrysin or chrysin-like flavonoids ameliorate intraocular inflammatory symptoms in EAU mice by inhibiting the activity of STAT signal pathway.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are common chronic diseases which severely threatens human's health and lives.In addition to behavioural and medical approaches,the bariatric surgery is increasingly being valued by medical workers.There are many kinds of surgical method of the bariatric surgery,but by far the most popular ones are Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.The mechanism of the surgery may related to gastrointestinal hormones and fat metabolism,but no final conclusion has yet been reached on this matter.This paper is a literature review on the effect and mechanism of bariatric surgery.

Background Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model is an acceptable model and is often used to the study of diabetic retinopathy (DR).However,the model is often established using retinal digest preparation in vitro in albino rats,and therefore it is difficult to evaluate the change of retinal vessels by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in vivo.Recently,pigmented rats are being used as the DR model.But the study on the comparison between albino rat model and pigmented rat model is seldom.Objective This study was to observe and compare the manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation in early diabetic pigmented diabetic rat and albino diabetic rat,and to select the right model of DR using FFA.Methods Type 1 diabetic models were induced in 15 six-week-old health male BN rats and 15 six-week-old health male SD rats by the injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) via tail vein.The models were thought to be successful in the rats with the blood glucose level ≥ 16.7 mmol/L.The right eyes of the rats were extracted 6 weeks after injection of STZ.Lens were examined by slit lamp microscope.Retinal vascular changes were examined by fundus photography,FFA and periodic acid Schiff staining of retinal digest preparation.The manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation were contrasted between BN rats and SD rats.The number of eyes with lens opacification was compared by Chi-square test and the ratio of vascular endothelial cells and perithelial cells (E/P) was compared between BN rats and SD rats.The use and care of experimental animals complied the Statement of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Medicine University.Results Six weeks after injection of STZ,11 BN rats and 10SD rats were included in this study.The blood levels were (24.73±2.98) mmol/L and (22.36±3.65) mmol/L in BN rats and SD rats,respectively,without significant difference between the 2 types of rats (t =7.873,P＞0.05).Lens opacification occurred in 6 BN rats and in 5 SD rats (P=0.717).FFA showed the clear retinal vascular under the brown background.Evident vessel disorder and fluorescence leakage like background stage of DR were seen in 9 eyes.However,in the SD rats,retinal vessel abnormality could not exhibited owing to the interference of choroid fluorescent light from choroidal vessels and vortex vein.Retinal digest preparation exhibited that unevenness of vessel diameter,decrease of perithelial cells and increase of endothelial cells in both types of rats.The E/P values were 11.50±3.68in the BN rats and 12.86±3.94 in the SD rats,without significant difference between them (t=9.785,P＞0.05).Conclusions The abnormality of fundus vascular morphology can be better displayed in pigmented diabetic rats than albino rats by FFA in vivo.

Objective To observe the effects of the Ossatron high-energy shock waves on bone nonunion and delayed union.Methods Between October 2004 and October 2005,18 patients with nonunion and four patients with delayed union were treated with high-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy(Ossatron,HMT Co., Swiss).Facture lines were located with C-arm X-ray before treatment.Parameters of shock waves were decided according to fracture sites.Patients with unstable fixation received plaster or bracing for 6 to 8 weeks after treatment. After therapy,follow-up radiography was performed at 6 and 12 weeks and monthly afterwards until the fracture united. Results The mean follow-up was 6.7 months(range,3 to 12 months).There were no complications except local petechial hemorrhage and local swelling in 10 patients.Thirteen patients(59.1%)got bony union,including 12 patients(66.7% )with stable internal fixation,and the average healing time was 4.3 months(range,6 weeks to 6 months).Nine fractures(40.9%)still suffered nonunion.Conclusion High-energy shock waves are a good alternative therapy for nonunion and delayed union,with obvious advantages of being non-invasive and safe.

Principles of medical equipment course were explored of formative evaluation as the center examination,constructed an examination reform scheme as” One center (formative evaluation as the center),three systems (content system,operation system,monitoring system).” Made students to learn from the center of focus scores change to autonomous learning and culture analysis,solves the question ability and practical ability.At the same time,strengthen the teaching process of teaching and learning to communicate and exchange,Get the students learning feedback information to improve teaching and learning in time,Strengthen the students′ ability of autonomous learning and lifelong learning ability.

Objective To determine the diagnostic value and clinical significance of sonographically detected fetal dysplastic kidney with normal amniotic fluid volume. Methods At the 2nd or 3rd trimester of gestation,the fetuses with unilateral or bilateral renal anomalies (ahnormal size,echo,shape or cyst of the kidney) and normal amniotic fluid volume received systemic ultrasound examination,autopsy or follow-up until after birth. The fetus with only dilated renal pelvis was not included. Results Eleven fetuses of dysplastic renal anomalies with normal amniotic fluid volume were identified by prenatal ultrasound. Among the five fetuses affected by unilateral multicystic kidney dysplasia (MCKD),the renal anomaly was isolated in four fetuses,and the other one was complicated with absence of the ipsilateral hand. One of the two fetuses of unilateral renal agenesis had no other associated anomaly and the other one was complicated with hydrocephalus,spina bifida,ipsilateral absent radius and single umbilical artery,correspongding to the VACTERL syndrome. Two fetuses of pelvic kidney and horseshoe kidney respectively was proved by postnatal ultrasound. One fetus was diagnosed as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD)on the basis of multiple renal cysts and a positive family history,the fetus also had cardiac rhabdomyoma. One fetus of bilateral normal sized hyperechoic kidneys was proved to be renal dysplasia by autopsy. Conclusions Unilateral MCKD is the most common type of fetal renal dysplasia which can be detected by prenatal ultrasound with normal amniotic fluid volume. Based on the sonographic characteristics and the family history,most of the dysplastic renal anomalies can be diagnosed prenatally and the prognosis can be predicted.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; blood ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Infant ; Male

In order to explore the dormancy physiological and biochemical mechanism of Paris seeds, the seed embryo growth courses, and the dynamic change of 5 enzymes, include SOD, POD, CAT, MDH, G-6-PDH were measured during variable temperature stratification. The results indicated that Paris seeds embryo grew quickly after 40 d in warm-stratification (18 ± 1) °C, at the meantime the metabolic activity was significantly strengthened. These facts showed that Paris seeds turned into physiological after-ripening process. After 60-80 d, the morphological embryo after-ripping process basically completed, and the following cold-stratification (4 ± 1) °C furthered Paris seed to finish physiological after-ripening. After 40 d, the activity of MDH decreased while G-6-PDH increased significantly. This showed that the main respiratory pathway of seed changed from TCA to PPP, which benifited breaking seed dormancy. In the whole period of stratification process, the activity variation of SOD and CAT was insignificantly and the activity of POD was enhanced significantly after shifting the seed in cold stratification process. This showed that SOD, CAT had no direct effects on breaking Paris seed dormancy but keeping the seed vigor, while the POD might involve in the process of Paris seed dormancy breaking.
Germination ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; embryology ; enzymology ; Plant Proteins ; metabolism ; Seeds ; chemistry ; enzymology ; growth & development ; Temperature

Objective To determine the molecular characteristics of predominant Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A strains prevalent in Hangzhou area from 2002 to 2008.Methods Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE),multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) were applied for typing as well as analysis of the molecular characteristics of 31 S.typhi isolates and 404 S.paratyphi A isolates from Hangzhou area during 2002 to 2008.Results The 404 S.paratyphi A isolates could be divided into six PFGE types (P1-P6).99.0％ of the S.paratyphi A isolates (400/404) belonged to the same one clone family (P1 and P2 types),in which P1 strains occupied 93.3％ (373/400) of the isolates.The 31 S.typhi isolates displayed a high diversity,which could be classified into 14 PFGE types,28 MLVA types with 90.3％ resolving power and 3 MLST types.The S.typhi strains prevalent in Hangzhou area were similar to those in Southeast Asia but different from those in Europe.The variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) sites with high polymorphism,TR1,TR2 and Sal02,could be used to the markers for diagnosis of S.typhi isolates in the area.The MLST types of 31 S.typhi isolates included all the three types currently found in the world but the ST2 type of S.typhi strains was predominant (23/31,74.2％).Conclusion The paratyphoid A prevalence in Hangzhou area in the recent years is caused by infection of the same clone family of S.paratyphi A whereas the S.typhi strains prevalent in the area display a high diversity.

Objective: To construct a prediction model for preeclampsia (PE) risk in twin-pregnant women, so as to provide the basis for early screening and prevention of PE. Methods: A total of 467 twin-pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination and delivered at Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital were selected. Sixty cases with preeclampsia (PE) were included in the case group, and 60 women without PE were included in the control group. General information, blood biochemical indicators and uterine artery resistance index (UtA-RI) were collected. A logistic regression model was used to screen predictive factors and establish a nomogram. The Bootstrap method was performed for the internal validation; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis were employed to evaluate the discrimination, calibration and clinical utility of the nomogram, respectively. Results: In the case group, there were 47 individuals (78.33%) aged younger than 35 years, 21 individuals (35.00%) with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 and above, and 33 individuals (55.00%) with in vitro fertilization. In the control group, there were 57 individuals (95.00%) aged younger than 35 years, 8 individuals (13.33%) with pre-pregnancy BMI of 25 kg/m2 and above, and 39 individuals (65.00%) with natural pregnancy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age, pre-pregnancy BMI, method of conception, placental growth factor (PLGF) and UtA-RI as risk prediction factors for PE in twin-pregnant women. The established nomogram had an area under the ROC curve of 0.827 (95%CI: 0.755-0.899), a sensitivity of 0.767, a specificity of 0.733, a good discrimination and calibration, and a relatively high clinical net benefit. Conclusion The nomogram established by age, pre-pregnancy BMI, method of conception, PLGF and UtA-RI has a good predictive value for the risk of PE in twin-pregnant women.