Adolescent ; Adult ; Eye Injuries ; epidemiology ; etiology ; therapy ; Facility Design and Construction ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

Danhong injection is a compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius, and has been widely applied in treating coronary heart diseases and ischemic encephalopathy in clinic. Despite the complexity of its chemical compounds and the diversity of targets, especially in system biology, there have not a report for its action mechanism as a whole regulatory biological network. In this study, protein data of S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius were searched in TCMGeneDIT database and agilent literature search (ALS) system to establish the multi-component protein network of S. miltiorrhiza, C. tinctorius and Danhong injection. Besides, the protein interaction network was built based on the protein-protein interaction in Genecards, BIND, BioGRID, IntAct, MINT and other databases. According to the findings, 10 compounds of S. miltiorrhiza and 14 compounds of C. tinctorius were correlated with proteins. The 24 common compounds had interactions with 81 proteins, and formed a protein interaction network with 60 none-isolated nodes. The Cluster ONE module was applied to make an enrichment analysis on the protein interaction network and extract one sub-network with significant difference P <0.05. The sub-network contains 23 key proteins, which involved five signaling pathways, namely Nod-like receptor signaling pathway, epithelial cell signaling in helicobacter pylori infection, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway and neurotrophin signaling pathway through KEGG signaling pathway mapping. In this study, the computational system biology approach was adopted to preliminarily explain the molecular mechanism of main compounds of Danhong injection in preventing and treating diseases and provide reference for systematic studies on traditional Chinese medicine compounds.
Computational Biology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Injections ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVE To investigate the application of antibacterials in patients accepted operation in grass-roots(hospitals),so to standardize the application of antibacterials and cut down the medical cost.METHODS Full-time administrators for nosocomial infection investigated the application of antibacterials in patients who accepted(operation) in Sep 2004,and filled in the questionnaires.RESULTS In 1 383 cases of 11 hospitals the application rate of antibacterials was 98.63%;in which 86.50% were for prophylactic usage and 13.50% for therapeutic usage;(29.90%) for single antibiotics treatment and 50.15% for bigeminy,18.70% were for trigeminy.Time of(application) differentiated(6.90,7.00,6.60d) fromⅠto Ⅲ kinds of operation.Per capita cost of antibacterials was $956.50(47.60%).CONCLUSIONS High cost of antibacterials results from such factors as multiple kinds,long time and(combined) application.

Class Ⅱa bacteriocins can be considered as the major subgroup of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria, not only because of their large number, but also because of their activities and potential applications. They have first attracted particular attention as listericidal compounds and are now believed to be the next in line if more bacteriocins are to be approved in the future. The present review attempts to provide an insight into general knowledge available for class Ⅱa bacteriocins and discuss common features and recent findings concerning these substances.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacterial distribution and drug resistance in patients in intensive care unit(ICU) and provide theoretical bases for rational usage of antibiotics.METHODS The distribution and drug resistance of 372 strains isolated from patients in ICU collected from Jul 2007 to Jun 2008 were investigated and studied retrospectively.RESULTS Among them,the Gram-negative bacilli covered 59.14 %,the Gram-positive cocci 28.49%,and the fungi covered 12.37%.Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Ancinetobacter were the main Gram-negative bacilli.Staphylococcus aureus,coagulation-negative Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were the main Gram-positive cocci.The resistance rate of P.aeruginosa,S.maltophilia and Acinetobacter to imipenem was over 10%,and the S.maltophilia was 96.7%,the resistance rate of three main Gram-positive cocci to vancomycin and teicoplanin was zero,and the isolated bacteria showed serious multidrug-resistance.CONCLUSIONS Periodic monitoring should be done to learn the drug resistance and bacterial distribution in ICU in order to rationally use antibiotics to avoid the generation of new drug resistant strains and control the infection of patients in ICU.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the change of antibiotics resistance of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients′s sputum in our hospital from Jan 2006 to Dec 2008,and offer basis for prevention of clinical infection and the reasonable use of drugs.METHODS The culture,identification and sensitivity to antibiotics of P.aeruginosa from the clinical sputum specimens were analyzed using USA VITEK-32 system.RESULTS Totally 196 strains of P.aeruginosa were isolated and characterized during the three years.The rates of resistance to cefoperazone/sulbactam were 18.37%,piperacillin/tazobactam 16.84%,netilmicin 17.35%,trimethoprim/sulfamesoxazole 100.00%,ampicillin 99.49%,cefazolin 99.49%,cefotetan 88.78%,and to ceftriaxone were 79.08%.The resistance rate to cephalosporins showed rising tendency.But the resistance rate to ?-lactam antibiotics showed deereasing tendency.CONCLUSIONS P.aeruginosa has single and multi-resistance to antibiotics seriously,but sensitive to ?-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides.Using antibiotics reasonably based on bacteria identification and sensitivity test is the best way to reduce the resistance of the pathogens.

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of heat shock preconditioning on the expressions of heat shock protein (HSP) 60 and HSP 70 and on the activities of cytochrome oxidase (CCO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mitochondria in gastric mucosa of severely scalded rats, and to investigate its protective mechanism on acute gastric mucosal lesion in rats with severe scald.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-four Wistar rats were randomized into three groups, i. e. scald group ( n = 40, acute gastric mucosal lesion was made after scald, other 8 normal rats without scald were employed as blank control); HS group ( n =40, with heat shock preconditioning 20 h before scald), and other 8 rats preconditioned with heat shock but without scald were employed as experimental control I; actinomycin D group ( n = 40, with intraperitoneal injection of 0. 1 mg/kg actinomycin D 30 min before heat shock preconditioning and other treatment as HS group), and other 8 rats with merely actinomycin D injection were employed as experimental control II. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed and laparotomized at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 post-scald hours (PSH) , respectively to determine the index of gastric mucosal lesions (UI ) , the mRNA expressions of HSP70 and protein expression of HSP60 and HSP70, and the changes in the activities of SOD and CCO.

RESULTSUI of the scalded rats increased as the time elapses, reaching the peak (12. 8 +/- 1.9) at 24 PSH. In addition, UI in HS group was significantly lower than that in scald group at each time-point except that at 3 PSH ( P < 0. 05 or 0. 01). The extent of gastric mucosal lesion in rats in actinomycin D group was obviously aggravated compared with that in scald and HS groups ( P <0. 05). The HSP70 mRNA expression in both scald and HS groups was increased at each time-points except for 48PBH, while that in actinomycin D group was increased at 24 PBH and 48PBH. The expressions of HSP70 and HSP60 were greatly increased in HS group compared with those in scald group ( P < 0. 05 or 0. 01) , while those in actinomycin D group were significantly inhibited ( P < 0. 05). The activities of CCO and SOD were gradually decreased in gastric mucosa in scald group, but it was greatly improved by HS preconditioning at 6, 12, 24 PSH ( P < 0. 05 or 0. 01).

CONCLUSIONHeat shock preconditioning is beneficial for the protection of acute gastric mucosal lesion of rats after severe scald, due to increase of HPS60 and HSP70 expression, and increase of CCO and SOD activities in mitochondria.

Animals ; Burns ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chaperonin 60 ; metabolism ; Electron Transport Complex IV ; metabolism ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; pathology ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Heat-Shock Response ; Male ; Mitochondrial Proteins ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

AIM: To establish an experimental model of high intraocular pressure in mice by laser photocoagulation and to prepare for future research.
METHODS: Experimental model of high intraocular pressure was induced unilaterally in 44 C57BL/6 mice. The fellow eye served as a control. TONO-PEN AVIA Tonomter was used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) to guarantee IOP value at 1, 2, 4, 8wk. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed throughout the period and the structural changes were assessed histologically. And then, their eyes were enucleated, postfixed, cryoprotected, and embedded in optimal cutting temperature medium. After hematoxylin and eosin stain ( HE stain ) , cryosections of the retina were observed under light microscope. TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL ) was performed on the retinal sections to determine apoptosis rate.
RESULTS: IOP of laser-treated eyes was significantly higher than that of control eyes from 1-8wk (P<0. 05). The highest IOP was 31mmHg, but only one eye. The IOP was mainly around 20mmHg. In laser-treated eyes, the angle of anterior chamber were narrow. Number of cells in the inner nuclear layer and retial gangllion cell layer was slightly lower than that in control eyes at 2wk, but by 4 and 8wk the number of cells was significantly lower than that in the control contralateral eyes.
CONCLUSION: The laser photocoagulation of limbus causes chronic elevation of IOP and this method may be a promising experimental model for the investigation of biological mechanisms of glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell damage.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) combining left ventricular apical aneurysm (LVAA) . Methods: A total of 1194 HCM patients treated in our hospital from 2007-01 to 2013-01 were studied. There were 23 (1.93%) patients combining with LVAA including 19 male and 4 female; coronary artery disease (CAD) was excluded and the patients received echocardiography and coronary angiography (CAG) examinations. Results: There were 21/23 LVAA patients having left mid-ventricular obstruction and 7 of them combining simultaneous left ventricular outflow obstruction.The average pressure gradient in those 21 patients was (56.8 ± 12.9) mmHg and the rest 2 patients suffered from apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.The mean maximum thickness of left ventricular wall was (21.8 ± 6.3) mm and the dimension of left ventricle was (39.4 ± 5.2) mm. Electrocardiography showed that 3 patients had paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia;CAG indicated that 6 patients combined with coronary artery muscular bridge at left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The patients were followed-up for (2.7 ± 1.3) years and adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 5 patients during that period. Conclusion: HCM combining LVAA was most frequently happened in patients with left mid-ventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, some of them combining simultaneous left ventricular outflow obstruction and had the higher occurrence rate of adverse cardiovascular events. Early and accurate diagnosis is very important for guiding clinical treatment.