ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on salivated children with cerebral palsy. Methods43 salivated children with cerebral palsy were divided into NMES group (n=22) and control group (n=21). Both groups accepted the same routine treatment, while the NMES group was given the NMES in addition. All the children were evaluated before and 8 weeks after treatment with teacher drooling sizing (TDS). ResultsThe TDS of NMES group was significantly different with that of the control group (P<0.05) after treatment. ConclusionNMES can decrease the salivation in children with cerebral palsy, and promote their swallowing function.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of ultrashort waves combined with medication on children with cerebral dysfunction syndrome (CDS) accompanied with pneumonia.Methods76 children with CDS accompanied with pneumonia were randomly divided into treatment group (n=38, treated with anti-inflammatory and ultrashort waves one time per day for ten days) and control group (n=38, treated only with anti-inflammatory). The effective rate and the days of rales vanished of children in two groups after treatment were compared.ResultsIn the treatment group, 14 cases cured, 20 cases got significant result, 4 cases were effective, total effective rate was 100%; in the control group, 10 cases cured, 14 cases got significant result, 9 cases were effective, 5 cases were invalid, total effective rate was 86.8%. There was a significant difference between therapeutic effects of two groups ( P<0.05).ConclusionThe ultrashort waves therapy is an effective method for the children with CDS accompanied with pneumonia.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cough ; blood ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Infant ; Male

Objective To explore the relationship between the obstetric factors defined by Robson Ten-Group Classification System (RTGCS) and cesarean section rate (CSR),and to evaluate the validity of predictive models established based on the RTGCS for cesarean section.Methods Clinical data of 41 295 cases delivered in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital from January 1,2012 to September 30,2014 were retrospectively collected.CSR of different groups categorized by the RTGCS was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods by three models.Model 1 was obstetrics factors (parity,history of cesarean section,number of fetus,mode of labor,fetal presentation and gestational age);model 2 was obstetrics factors (model 1) + demographic characteristics and severity (maternal age and with/without treatment in intensive care unit);model 3 was defined as model 2+ complications (placenta previa,placental abruption,chronic or gestational hypertension,preeclampsia,renal disease,or human immunodeficiency virus infection).The relationship between obstetrics factors classified by the RTGCS and CSR was analyzed by the logistic regression model (the potential confounders were controlled).The validity of predictive models was evaluated by analyzing the area under the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve.Results (1) There were statistical differences in total CSR and CSR before labor among those cases respectively grouped by age,medical insurance,parity,signal/multiple pregnancy,fetal presentation and gestational age (all P＜0.05).(2) The recruited cases were categorized into ten groups according to the RTGCS and among them,the second group (single,cephalic presentation,nulliparous,≥ 37 gestational weeks,induced labor or cesarean section before labor) accounted for most of the cesarean section cases (61.2％,11 217/18 322),followed by the fourth group (single,cephalic presentation,multiparous,no previous cesarean section,≥ 37 gestational weeks,induced labor or cesarean section before labor),which were 11.2％ (2 061/18 322).(3) Obstetrical parameters,including parity,number of fetus,mode of delivery,history of cesarean section,fetal presentation and gestational weeks at delivery were related to CSR,even after adjustment for maternal age and medical insurance,or obstetrical complications,or both above factors (all P＜0.05).(4) Areas under the ROC curves and the 95％ confidence intervals of model 1,2 and 3 were 0.867 (0.863-0.870),0.875 (0.872-0.878) and 0.881 (0.878-0.885),respectively (all P＜0.01).Conclusion Related variables of RTGCS highly correlate with CSR and could be used as promising indicators for prediction of cesarean section.The RTGCS is of great application value to those research subjects.

Objective To compare different beginning time of acid simulation to reduce the acute damage of salivary glands after high-dose of iodine-131 treatment for the post-surgery patient with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and screen out the optimal beginning time of acid simulation .Methods Total 309 cases of post-surgery DTC patients accept high-does ioding-131 treatment (average dose of ioding-131 :4 .28 ± 0 .43 GBq) ,and all patients was divided into three group randomly ,the beginning time of acid stimulation(vitamin C :10 mg per time ,three time a day ,lemonade:50 mL per 2 h) for each group is 2 ,12 and 24 h .Then observe the incidence and time of acute damage of salivary glands for each group .At same time ,we analyses the relation between acute dam-age of salivary glands with sex and age .Results The incidence of acute damage of salivary glands is 13 .21% (2 h) ,24 .51% (12 h) , 26 .73% (24 h)respectively ,the incidence of 2 h is lower than those of 12 h and 24 h obviously(P<0 .05) ,and there is no difference between 12 h and 24 h(P>0 .05) .The occurrence time of acute damage of salivary glands for 84 .85% patients is between 10-24 h .And there is no difference of incidence of acute damage of salivary glands between different sex and age group .Conclusion 2 h maybe the optimal beginning time of acid simulation to reduce the acute damage salivary glands for the post-surgery DTC patients after high-dose iodine-131 treatment in this study .Sex and age are no influence to the occurrence of acute damage of salivary glands .

Objectives Todynamicallyobservethechangesofhemodynamicparametersinpatients with severe stenosis of unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA)by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) andtoevaluateandanalyzetherelatedfactorsforinfluencingthestenoticprocess.Methods Atotalof 113 consecutive patients with severe stenosis of unilateral MCA screened by TCD and confirmed by computed tomography angiography (CTA)and digital subtraction angiography (DSA)were enrolled retrospectively. They were divided into either a progressive group (n =43 )or a non-progressive group (n=90)according to the variation of MCA hemodynamic parameters. The effects of age,sex,major risk factors for cerebrovascular disease,clinical symptoms,clinical medication,and drug compliance on the stenotic process were documented and analyzed. Results (1)The comparison of detection rate of the risk factors for cerebrovascular disease:The patients with a history of smoking (72. 1%[n=31])in the progressive group was significantly higher than that (51. 1%[n=46])in the non-progressive group (P=0.022). The period of smoking of the patients in the progressive group were longer than that in the non-progressive group (28 ± 12 years vs. 21 ± 10 years,P=0. 011). (2)Comparison of MCA hemodynamic parameters:The distal pulsatility indexes of MCA stenosis at the first diagnosis in the progressive group were all lower than those in the non-progressive group (0. 66 ± 0. 10 vs. 0. 70 ± 0. 13;t= -2. 096,P=0. 038),and the distal pulsatility indexes of MCA stenosis at the end point in the patients of the progressive group were lower than those in the non-progressive group (0. 61 ± 0. 15 vs. 0. 74 ± 0. 15). There were significant differences (t=-2. 718,P= 0. 008). The peak systolic velocity (PSV)of the progressive MCA stenotic segments at the end point in 10 patients of the progressive group was higher than that in the non-progressive group (299 ± 23 cm/s vs. 244 ± 50 cm/s,t=3. 437;P=0. 001),while PSV of MCA in 33 patients with occlusion in the progressive group were significantly lower than those in the non-progressive group (56 ± 18 cm/s vs. 244 ± 50 cm/s,t= -20. 905;P=0. 000). (3)The regular medication:The patients using statins (atorvastatin calcium)were significantly lower than those of the non-progressive group (2. 3%[n=1] vs. 54. 4%[n=49],χ2 =33. 690;P<0. 01). (4)During the follow up period,the recurrence rates of transient ischemic attack and stroke of the progressive group were significantly higher than those of the non-progressive group (27. 9%[n=12]vs. 6. 7%[n=6],32. 6%[n=14]vs. 2. 2%[n=2];all P<0.01). (5)Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smokers (OR,4. 403,95%CI 1. 094-14.017),cerebrovascular event recurrence (OR,10. 648,95%CI 2. 530 -41. 261),and irregularly taking statins (OR,5. 675,95%CI 1. 631-152. 740)were all closely associated with the progress of severeMCAstenosis.Conclusion EvaluationofthehemodynamicchangesofsevereMCAstenosiswith TCD follow up study can be used as an important basis for clinical assessment of the outcomes. Stop smoking and regularly taking statins may help to delay the progress of MCA stenosis.

Objective To observe whether rabbit blood leptin can leak into the brain after craniocerebral trauma (CCT),and to dynamically detect serum levels of leptin,growth hormone (GH),and insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1),and leptin level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after CCT.Methods The FITC labeled leptin was injected into blood vessels of 15 adult male rabbits after anesthesia.Then 9 rabbits underwent unilateral fluid percussive impact,while 6 rabbits underwent sham operation.Thirty minutes postoperatively,brain tissue was taken to make frozen sections which were used to observe fluorescence labeled leptin range.Thirty three adult male rabbits were randomly divided into serum group,serum-control group,CSF group and CSF-control group.Rabbits in serum group and CSF group received fluid percussive impact,while rabbits in serum-control group and CSF-control group were drilled a 7 mm window in skull.Rabbits in serum group and serum-control group were phlebotomized 2 ml at 1 d,3 d,7 d and 14 d after operation,and rabbits in CSF group and CSF-control group were extracted CSF 0.5 ml at the same time points.Then serum levels of leptin,GH,and IGF-1,and leptin level in CSF were tested by ELISA.Results The fluorescence imaging could be seen in the injured brain tissue of rabbits with CCT,which was more than those in brain tissue of rabbits receiving sham operation.Serum leptin levels of rabbits in serum group at each time point were higher than those in serum-control group.Serum levels of GH and IGF-1 and leptin level in CSF were higher in rabbits with CCT than those in rabbits without CCT at 1 d,3 d and 7 d after operation.Conclusion The blood leptin can leak into the brain after CCT,which can cause increase of blood GH and IGF-1.And the latter may be the endocrine factors promoting fracture healing after CCT.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) in elderly patients. MethodsOne hundred and fifty-two elderly male CKD patients for experimental group and 158 elderly male for control group were recruited. Demographic data and vascular risk factors were recorded. White matter lesion (WML) was semi-quantitatively assessed by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and lacunar infarction (LI) was also calculated. Results(1) The prevalenees of hypertentsion and diabetes mellitus were higher in elderly CKD patients than those in control group (30. 9% vs. 19.0%, 23.7%vs. 14.6%;both P～0. 05). (2) The percentages of grade 2 and grade 3 WMLs were higher in elderly CKD patients than those in control group (34.9% vs. 24.1%, 25.7% vs. 16.5%;both P<0.05). Prevalence of LI was higher in elderly CKD patients than that in control group (45.4% vs.25.3% ,X2= 13. 70, P<0. 05). The similar Resultswere also obtained except for control subjects with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. (3) The logistic regression analysis showed that age, hypertension and low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were closely associated with SVD in elderly CKD patients. ConclusionsHypertention and diabetes mellitus are risk factors for CKD in elderly patients. SVD is associated with CKD, and age, hypertension and low GFR may be risk factors for SVD in elderly CKD patients.

Puerariae Lobatae Radix, also known as Gegen, is a root derived from Pueraria lobata. Based on field investigation and the developmental anatomy of root tuber, we have elucidated the relationship between the growth of root tuber and the anomalous structure. The results of analysis showed that the root system of P. lobata was developed from seed and adventitious root and there existed root tuber, adventitious root and conductive root according to morphology and function. The root tuber was developed from adventitious root, its secondary structure conformed to the secondary structure of dicotyledon's root. With the development of root, the secondary phloem of root tuber appeared abnormal vascular tissue, which was distributed like ring in the outside of secondary vascular tissue. The root tuber might have 4-6 concentric circular permutation abnormal vascular tissuelobate, and was formed by the internal development of abnormal vascular tissue. The xylem and phloem of abnormal vascular tissue were the main body of the root tuber. The results reveal the abnormal anatomical structure development of P. lobata, also provides the theoretical basis for reasonable harvest medicinal parts and promoting sustainable utilization of resources of P. lobata.
Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Plant Tubers ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Pueraria ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development

Fuzi is a medicine used for rescuing from collapse by restoring yang as well as a famous toxic traditional Chinese medicine. In order to ensure the efficacy and safe medication, Fuzi has mostly been applied after being processed. There have been different Fuzi processing methods recorded by doctors of previous generations. Besides, there have also been differences in Fuzi processing methods recorded in modern pharmacopeia and ancient medical books. In this study, the authors traced back to medical books between the Han Dynasty and the period of Republic of China, and summarized Fuzi processing methods collected in ancient and modern literatures. According to the results, Fuzi processing methods and using methods have changed along with the evolution of dynasties, with differences in ancient and modern processing methods. Before the Tang Dynasty, Fuzi had been mostly processed and soaked. From Tang to Ming Dynasties, Fuzi had been mostly processed, soaked and stir-fried. During the Qing Dynasty, Fuzi had been mostly soaked and boiled. In the modem times, Fuzi is mostly processed by being boiled and soaked. Before the Tang Dynasty, a whole piece of Fuzi herbs or their fragments had been applied in medicines; Whereas their fragments are primarily used in the modern times. Because different processing methods have great impacts on the toxicity of Fuzi, it is suggested to study Fuzi processing methods.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; history ; methods ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry